IGI Global Handbook Of Research On Global Diffusion Of Broadband Data Transmission Jan 2008 ISBN 1599048515 pdf
Handbook of Research
on Global Diffusion of Broadband Data Transmission Yogesh K. Dwivedi Swansea University, UK Anastasia Papazafeiropoulou Brunel University, UK Jyoti Choudrie University of Hertfordshire, UKVolume I
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any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of research on global diffusion of broadband data transmission / Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Anastasia Papazafeiropoulou, and Jyoti Choudrie, editors. p. cm.Summary: “This book explores broadband adoption and the digital divide through a global perspective, it provides research on constructs
such as relative advantage, utilitarian outcomes, hedonic outcomes, and service quality. From over 100 noted experts in nearly 30 countries,
decisions to adopt broadband”--Provided by publisher.ISBN 978-1-59904-851-2 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-59904-852-9 (e-book)
1. Internet users--Attitudes. 2. Digital divide. 3. Internet service providers. 4. Consumer behavior. 5. Broadband communication systems. 6. Globalization--Social aspects. I. Dwivedi, Yogesh Kumar. II. Papazafeiropoulou, Anastasia. III. Choudrie, Jyoti.
TK5103.4.H36 2008 2007052995 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this book set is original material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of
the publisher.
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for information on activating the library's complimentary electronic access to this publication.To my Mother and Father for their love and blessings…And to my lovingly and much awaited ‘Shagun’ To Athina To my dearest, wonderful, encouraging and supportive Mum, Dad and Bobby
Editorial Advisory Board
Nikhilesh Dholakia University of Rhode Island, USA Guy Fitzgerald Brunel University, UK Sergio Godoy Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile Heejin Lee University of Melbourne, Australia Catherine Middleton Ryerson University, Canada Challa Radhakumari Sri Sathya Sai University, India Aradhana Srivastava PRIA (Participatory Research in Asia), India Viswanath Venkatesh University of Arkansas, USA Michael D. Williams Swansea University, UK Vishanth Weerakkody Brunel University, UKTable of Contents Foreword
.......................................................................................................................................... xxxi
Preface ............................................................................................................................................ xxxiv
Acknowledgment ...............................................................................................................................xlvi
Volume IChapter I Broadband Adoption and Diffusion (BAD): A Framework / Yogesh K. Dwivedi
and Anastasia Papazafeiropoulou ......................................................................................................... 1
Section I
National Policies
Division I
Africa
Chapter II South Africa: The Long Walk to Broadband Freedom / Justin Henley Beneke.................................... 13
Division II
Asia
Chapter III Bridging the Digital Divide Through Broadband Deployment / Challa Radhakumari........................ 30 Chapter IV Broadband Policy, Market Competition, and User Adoption in Taiwan / Yu-li Liu.............................. 47 Chapter V ICT Competency of Bangladesh to Face Broadband Diffusion / Anwarul Islamand K.C. Panda..................................................................................................................................... 60
Chapter VI Socio-Cultural Interpretations to the Diffusion and Use of Broadband Services in a Korean Digital Society / Dal Yong Jin............................................................................................................... 78 Chapter VII Structural Changes and Regulatory Challenges in the Japanese Telecommunications Industry /
Hidenori Fuke ....................................................................................................................................... 90
Division III
Australia and New Zealand
Chapter VIII Qiuyan Fan ......................................................................................................................................... 109 Chapter IX Broadband for the Mass Market / Roger Saunders............................................................................. 126 Chapter X Competition, Regulation, and Broadband Diffusion: The Case of New Zealand /Bronwyn Howell.................................................................................................................................. 139
Division IV
Europe
Chapter XI Digital Divide and Broadband Access: The Case of an Italian Region / Enrico Ferro,J. Ramon Gil-Garcia and Natalie Helbig ........................................................................................... 160
Chapter XII Improving Broadband Access in Rural Areas / Ingjerd Skogseid....................................................... 177 Chapter XIII Metropolitan Broadband Networks: Design and Implementation Aspects, and Business Models /Antonios Alexiou, Christos Bouras, John Papagiannopoulos and Dimitris Primpas ........................ 196
Chapter XIV Small World: The Irish Broadband Experience / Diana Wilson, Kevin O’Reilly,and Dave Murray................................................................................................................................ 211
Chapter XV Social, Political, and Ethical Responsibility in Broadband Adoption and Diffusion: Axel Schulz, Bernd Carsten Stahl, and Simon Rogerson ............................. 227
Division V
North America
Chapter XVI Competition in Broadband Provision and the Digital Divide /
Wei-Min Hu and James E. Prieger ..................................................................................................... 241
Chapter XVII Elizabeth Fife, Laura Hosman,and Francis Pereira .......................................................................... 260 Chapter XVIII Regulation and the Deployment of Broadband / James E. Prieger and Sunhwa Lee ........................ 278Section II
Consumer-User Behaviors
Division I
Australia
Chapter XIX Factors Affecting Broadband Adoption for Mainstream Consumers / Peter Adams.......................... 306Division II
Europe
Chapter XX Developing a Dynamic View of Broadband Adoption / Herbert Daly, Adrina Ortiz,Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Ray J. Paul, J. Santos, and J.M. Sarriegi ........................................................... 322
Chapter XXI Employing the Content Validity Approach for Improving the Content of the Broadband Adoption Survey Instrument / Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Banita Lal, and Khalil Khoumbati..................... 337 Chapter XXII Inside the Microcosm: A Case Study of a Wireless Internet Hotspot / Pierre Vialle, Olivier Epinette,and Olivier Segard .............................................................................................................................. 349
Chapter XXIII Karianne Vermaas and Lidwien van de Wijngaert ............................................................................. 366
Division III
Middle East
Chapter XXIV Factors Affecting Attitudes towards Broadband Adoption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia /
Vishanth Weerakkody .......................................................................................................................... 380
Division IV
North America
Chapter XXV Characteristics of Farm and Rural Internet Use in the United States /Peter L. Stenberg and Mitchell Morehart ........................................................................................... 395
Division V
South America
Chapter XXVI Broadband User Behavior Characterization / Humberto T. Marques Neto, Leonardo C.D. Rocha,Pedro H.C. Guerra, Jussara M. Almeida, Wagner Meira Jr., and Virgilio A.F. Almeida ................... 408
Volume II Chapter XXVII Precisions about the Broadband Divide in Chile / Sergio Godoy and M. Soledad Herrera............... 427Section III
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
Division I
Asia
Chapter XXVIII A Survey on the Adoption and Usage of Broadband Internet / Roya Gholami, John Lim,and Sang-Yong Tom Lee...................................................................................................................... 448
Division II
Europe
Chapter XXIX Broadband Access and Broadband-Based Applications: An Empirical Study of the Determinants of Adoption Among Italian SMEs / Massimo G. Colombo, Luca Grilli, and Cinzia Verga ................... 466
Chapter XXX Broadband Diffusion to SMEs in the UK / Oluwasola Oni and Anastasia Papazafeiropoulou ........ 481 Chapter XXXI Environmental Drivers of E-Business Strategies Among SMEs /
Alessandro Arbore and Andrea Ordanini ........................................................................................... 493
Chapter XXXII Boumediene Ramdaniand Peter Kawalek.............................................................................................................................. 504
Chapter XXXIII External Pressures for Adoption of ICT Services among SMEs /
Andrea Ordanini and Alessandro Arbore ........................................................................................... 524
Section IV
Impact on Emerging Applications
Division I
Entertainment Industry
Chapter XXXIV IPTV Business Model Analysis / Kate Carney Landow, Michelle Fandre, Raghu Nambiath,Ninad Shringarpure, Harvey Gates, Artur Lugmayr, and Scott Barker.............................................. 538
Chapter XXXV The Impact of the Internet on the Law and Economics of the United States Motion Picture Industry / Stanford L. Levin, John B. Meisel, and Timothy S. Sullivan .................................. 563Division II
Health Industry
Chapter XXXVI Broadband for Health in Developing Countries / Aradhana Srivastava ............................................ 581 Chapter XXXVII Improving Health Services via Advanced ICT Networks / Peter Farr, Isabelle Ellis,and John Royle.................................................................................................................................... 593
Chapter XXXVIII Remote Patient Monitoring in Residential Care Homes: Using Wireless and Broadband Networks /
Tanja Bratan, Malcolm Clarke, Joanna Fursse, and Russell Jones ................................................... 604
Division III
Social Impact
Chapter XXXIX Social Consequences of Broadband Access in Japan / Kenichi Ishii.................................................. 619
Division IV
Communication
Chapter XL Internet-Based Changes in Organizational Communication /Erik Lundmark and Alf Westelius........................................................................................................ 637
Chapter XLI Alex De Smedt............................................ 655Section V
Cross-Country Analysis
Chapter XLII Adoption of Broadband Services: The Role of National Policies / Morten Falch ............................. 671 Chapter XLIII Broadband Diffusion and its Driving Forces / Banani Nandi and Chandana Chakraborty............... 689 Chapter XLIV Diffusion of Broadband Access in Latin America /Arturo Robles Rovalo, Claudio Feijóo González, and José Luis Gómez-Barroso ............................. 711
Chapter XLV Diffusion Forecasting and Price Evolution of Broadband Telecommunication Services in Europe / Dimitris Varoutas, Christos Michalakelis, Alexander Vavoulas,and Konstantina Deligiorgi ................................................................................................................ 729
Chapter XLVI Explaining Patterns of Broadband Deployment and Adoption in OECD Countries /
Inmaculada Cava Ferreruela.............................................................................................................. 756
Chapter XLVII ICT Statistics for Broadband Promoting Regulatory Policy /Diana Korsakaite and Tomas Lamanauskas....................................................................................... 776
Chapter XLVIII Impact of Broadband VoIP on Telecoms: A Cross-Country Analysis /
Bardo Fraunholz and Chandana Unnithan ........................................................................................ 796
Chapter XLIX The Adoption of Broadband Internet in Australia and Canada /Catherine Middleton and Shanton Chang .......................................................................................... 818
Chapter L The Evolution of Broadband Industry in the Developing World: A Comparison of China and India / Nir Kshetri, and Nikhilesh Dholakia ......................................... 841Detailed Table of Contents Preface
............................................................................................................................................ xxxiv
Acknowledgment ...............................................................................................................................xlvi
Volume IChapter I Broadband Adoption and Diffusion (BAD): A Framework / Yogesh K. Dwivedi
and Anastasia Papazafeiropoulou ......................................................................................................... 1
The aim of this chapter is to outline various factors reported in the 49 chapters of this handbook of research.broadband adoption and diffusion. This chapter illustrates the fact that research on the adoption, diffusion, usage, and impact of broadband is clearly a global issue which requires a multidisciplinary approach. The proposed framework includes three levels of factors—macro factors, individual micro factors, and SME-level micro factors. These three levels of factors are relevant at different levels of development, deployment, and diffusion of broadband which persist in various developed and developing countries. The chapter concludes by suggesting that the proposed framework is based on a comprehensive set of factors observed in various countries, and future studies may use this framework to identify gaps and then bridge those gaps by conducting new studies.
Section I
National Policies
This section examines the macro or supply-side factors affecting broadband deployment and diffusion in various countries including Australia, Bangladesh, Germany, Greece, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States of America. A number of pertinent factors and issues including national policy, market competition, ICT competency, structural changes, regulatory challenges, rural access, socio-political and ethical responsibility, and digital divide
- graphical areas where the studies included in this section were conducted.
Division I
Africa
Chapter II South Africa: The Long Walk to Broadband Freedom / Justin Henley Beneke .................................... 13 South Africa has fallen behind its international peersboth developing and developed marketsin the
race to rollout broadband services. In fact, even within the African continent, it is neither the broad- band leader nor progressive in comparison to its Northern African counterparts. This chapter explores the development of broadband services in South Africa, as well as touching on the challenges faced in bringing this phenomenon into the mainstream. Reasons for the lack of diffusion and adoption of such line and mobile broadband infrastructure, as well as a lack of computer literacy and an understanding of what broadband is able to offer. The chapter looks at possible solutions, including introducing a greater degree of competition into the market to facilitate downward pressure on prices, as well as providing this objective.
Division II
Asia
Chapter III Bridging the Digital Divide through Broadband Deployment / Challa Radhakumari ......................... 30 This chapter provides a summary relating to the functioning of two projects in the two Southern States of India, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala, to show how through broadband deployment in rural areas the digital
divide can be bridged. By focusing on the implementation of the two projects, the chapter illustrates their contribution in practically using the broadband technologies in overcoming the hurdles to bridging projects which helped the states in achieving their goals. The chapter also reveals through its analysis that the accessibility of services through broadband technology has brought an opportunity to the citi- zens to become a part of the current knowledge revolution, besides bringing about a great technological transformation to the areas where it is implemented and thus contributed to bridging the digital divide. The chapter is concluded by proving that moving from a manual to electronic process with broadband technology as an enabler; the two Southern States of India set an example, which will serve as a set of guidelines for application of similar projects in other geographical settings.
Chapter IV Broadband Policy, Market Competition, and User Adoption in Taiwan / Yu-li Liu .............................. 47 (NII), with broadband network technology and its application having rapidly developed in recent years. This chapter analyzes the broadband adoption, the competition among providers of broadband, and rel-
evant policies in Taiwan. The research methods adopted include a literature review, in-depth interviews,
- ment in this chapter might provide some experiences from which other countries can learn.
Chapter V ICT Competency of Bangladesh to Face Broadband Diffusion /
Anwarul Islam and K.C. Panda ............................................................................................................ 60
As a developing country, Bangladesh has taken keen initiatives to develop its sustainable informationinfrastructure. Teledensity and overall IT infrastructure is now in a growing stage. Recently, Bangladesh teledensity is changing in rapid pace. But, the broadband diffusion in Bangladesh is not on par with other Asian countries, since it is in an embryonic stage in broadband diffusion. This chapter tries to show the initiatives taken and the existing condition of Bangladesh to fetch the countrywide broadband diffusion. Efforts have been made to unmask the overall development of ICT infrastructure in Bangladesh to judge the environment of broadband diffusion in the country.
Chapter VI Socio-Cultural Interpretations to the Diffusion and Use of Broadband Services in a Korean Digital Society / Dal Yong Jin ............................................................................................................... 78 This chapter attempts to ascertain the causes of the rapid growth of broadband services in the context
of the broader socio-cultural elements. It recognizes technology as a socio-cultural product which has historically been constituted by certain forms of knowledge and social practice, so this chapter explores cultural elements contributing to the diffusion of broadband services in the context of the cultural en- process of the rapid diffusion and growth of broadband services. In particular, it emphasizes the way in have developed since 1997.
Chapter VII Structural Changes and Regulatory Challenges in the Japanese Telecommunications Industry /
Hidenori Fuke ....................................................................................................................................... 90
The structure of the telecommunications industry in Japan has been changing revolutionarily. Theof broadband Internet and development of inter-platform competition, rapid growth of cellular services and Internet access via cellular, decline of POTS (plain old telephone service), and structural changes from vertical integration to layered structure and development of media convergence. These changes require total review of the regulatory framework that was formed in the POTS era. This chapter reviews: the Internet to solve problems that are likely to distort the new industry structure and would stress the importance of a regulatory system that is competition, technology, and content neutral.
Division III
Australia and New Zealand
Chapter VIII Qiuyan Fan ......................................................................................................................................... 109 Like many other governments in the world, the Australian government has taken a multi-faceted approach
to promoting broadband Internet access. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of policy issues on broadband Internet access in Australia. The primary goal of this chapter is to develop a holistic policy and regulatory framework. The government has been basing its actions on market forces as a principal driver for broadband Internet connectivity. However, market forces only play roles in improv- ing broadband Internet access in the major cities and have little effect in regional and rural Australia. The research has indicated that the regulatory competition regime, by and large, has failed to address concerns of market dominance and market power in the telecommunications sector as is evidenced by a relatively lower price-performance ratio of broadband services in Australia.
Chapter IX Broadband for the Mass Market / Roger Saunders ............................................................................. 126 This chapter suggests that there is no new application to stimulate adoption of broadband by the mass
market. Many new applications have been introduced but have not created the desired growth. One application that could have mass market attraction is voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), and it is the most likely killer application. But failure by major communications carriers to develop VoIP is slowing broadband penetration to this larger market segment. It is postulated that this resistance results from the risk to current carrier call revenue from VoIP and that infrastructure to support high-speed broadband international standards have yet been set, and VoIP between the Internet platforms is not fully integrated.
Also the multitude of broadband packages offered by the various competing carriers creates confusion in the mass market which, as a result, defers purchase decisions.
Chapter X Competition, Regulation, and Broadband Diffusion: The Case of New Zealand /
Bronwyn Howell .................................................................................................................................. 139
New Zealand offers a thought-provoking case study of the effects of different competition and regulatorypolicies on broadband diffusion rates. Despite having one of the highest rates of Internet connection and usage in the OECD, widely available broadband infrastructure, and low broadband prices, broadband uptake per capita languishes in the bottom third of the OECD. While low uptake has typically been at- legacy of demand-side regulations, in particular the retail tariff options for voice telephony, and the limited value being derived by New Zealand residential consumers from the small range and narrow adoption of applications currently used that necessitate broadband connections. The New Zealand case illustrates the effect that legacy regulations can have on both the diffusion of new technologies per se and the choices made by consumers between different generational variants within that technology. The case indicates a need for more research on the effect of telecommunications industry regulations on demand-side uptake factors.
Division IV
Europe
Chapter XI Digital Divide and Broadband Access: The Case of an Italian Region / Enrico Ferro, J. Ramon Gil-Garcia and Natalie Helbig ................................................................... 160 Reducing digital divide in order to build an information society for all is one of the top priorities for European policymakers. A better understanding of the determinants of broadband access at the individual
level represent a key starting point for any e-inclusion policy. Based on a review of the literature on digital divide and broadband access, the authors document different approaches to understanding the digital divide and argue that these perspectives can also help to understand broadband access. Combin- ing the digital divide and broadband literature provides a systematic and theory-based approach to the selection and inclusion of variables in different models. This chapter presents a case study conducted should explore the relationship between IT skills acquisition, broadband access, and Internet use in order to develop more effective policies and programs.
Chapter XII Improving Broadband Access in Rural Areas / Ingjerd Skogseid ....................................................... 177 The chapter explores the characteristics of rural broadband infrastructure development. Taking the
existing installed base into consideration, small rural communities can initiate bottom-up cultivation of broadband infrastructure. Such initiatives are important contributions to overcoming the disparity in broadband access. In effect, they aggregate demand by creating a larger total market for suppliers than the individual needs of the actors. The proposal is to use descriptive clusters as a way to reveal the data can be used to acquire an overview of the types of resources available and the choices that need to be made. The use of descriptive clusters places emphasis on the local context and culture. With a bot- tom-up strategy, questions must be answered in relation to the local context. The responses and lessons learned may vary from one location to the next, making blueprint implementations impossible.
Chapter XIII Metropolitan Broadband Networks: Design and Implementation Aspects, and Business Models / Antonios
Alexiou, Christos Bouras, Dimitris Primpas, and John Papagiannopoulos ...................................... 196
This chapter presents the design principles that cover the implementation of broadband infrastructure inthe region of Western Greece, by examining all the necessary parameters that arise while implementing such a critical developmental project. The broadband infrastructure that is deployed is either based on the authors present as two case studies all issues of the designing of the Metropolitan Area Network of Patras, the third largest city of Greece and the Wireless Access Network of Messatida. The major target of the broadband networks is to interconnect the buildings of the public sector in the city and also deploy
- cess and content services to the advantage of the end consumer. The usage of the broadband infrastructure by service providers will be based on the open availability of the infrastructure in a cost-effective way. viability of the broadband infrastructure and guarantees the administration, growth, and exploitation of infrastructure.
Chapter XIV Small World: The Irish Broadband Experience / Diana Wilson, Kevin O’Reilly,
and Dave Murray ................................................................................................................................ 211
In this chapter the authors consider from a marketing perspective the political, cultural/social, and eco- nomic factors, both micro and macro, affecting the supply/demand nexus of broadband services for the Irish consumer. This chapter charts the development of broadband and its current situation of rollout and uptake, examines the reasons for its continuing poor performance, and offers recommendations on how Ireland may close the gap and perhaps even move ahead. Utilized data was collated from a variety of resources, journals and press and trade publications. The authors attended a ministerial conference on the state of broadband to which many representatives of the telecommunications industry had been chapter concludes that, although the market is beginning to grow strongly, it is from a low base, and as a result Ireland still lags behind many of its European counterparts. There is still a lack of competition which is having an adverse effect on both supply and demand of broadband for the Irish domestic con- technology, particularly wholesale and selling to other operators. Also, the Irish are still not convinced more of the content-rich multimedia fare that the Irish already enjoy in other formats.
Chapter XV Social, Political, and Ethical Responsibility in Broadband Adoption and Diffusion: A German Case Study / Axel Schulz, Bernd Carsten Stahl, and Simon Rogerson ............................. 227 There is considerable interest worldwide in broadband diffusion, with research focusing on aspects
such as the provision of broadband in remote areas and the socio-economic factors that determine the awareness, availability, and adoption. Using the case study of a local broadband initiative in remote and rural Germany, the chapter asks the question of who can and should be responsible for broadband provision, and how such responsibility ascriptions are realized.
Division V
North America
Chapter XVI Competition in Broadband Provision and the Digital Divide / Wei-Min Hu
and James E. Prieger .......................................................................................................................... 241
This chapter examines the supply of DSL broadband by the incumbent local exchange company (LEC)
- mographics, and cost factors are important determinants of entry and availability. After controlling for other factors, the racial characteristics of the area do not affect DSL provision. Active competition in broadband from competitive LECs reduces deployment of DSL by the incumbent, but potential competi- tion from competitive LECs has the opposite effect. Competition from cable companies also negatively the various factors is to highlight the important drivers of broadband provision for policymakers.
Chapter XVII Governmental and Cultural Factors in Broadband Adoption / Elizabeth Fife, Laura Hosman,
and Francis Pereira ............................................................................................................................ 260
around the world. Some governments have adopted aggressive policies to deploy broadband networks and to encourage the use of these applications, while others have not. In the former cases, governments chapter argues that the high level of broadband adoption rates witnessed in certain Asian economies is attributable in part to the aggressive policies pursued by these governments. Independent of these poli- cies however, social factors can also have an impact on whether broadband-related technology will be States, cultural and social factors may in fact hinder the deployment of such applications and retard the growth rate of broadband access.
Chapter XVIII Regulation and the Deployment of Broadband / James E. Prieger and Sunhwa Lee ........................ 278 This study examines the impact of telecommunications regulatory policy on broadband service deploy-
areas served by major carriers, authors investigate the impact of state and federal regulation on broadband availability. Alternative regulation increases the probability of broadband availability, particularly for price caps. Unbundled network element (UNE) rates, the prices incumbent carriers charge to competi- tors for access to the local exchange network, also matter. Areas with lower UNE rates have a slightly higher probability of broadband availability. The effects of UNE rates on broadband deployment are to highlight the role of incentive regulation and local telecommunications competition policypolicies used or available around the worldin stimulating broadband service deployment.
Section II
Consumer-User Behaviors
This section examines the micro or demand-side factors affecting broadband adoption and usage in various countries including Australia, Brazil, Chile, France, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Chapters included in this section provides in-depth discussion on socio-behavioral, attitudinal, and demographic factors affecting the adoption of broadband and the digital divide at the consumer level. This section also focuses on broadband user behavior and characterization. Similar to Section I, according to geographical area where studies (included within
Division I
Australia
Chapter XIX Factors Affecting Broadband Adoption for Mainstream Consumers / Peter Adams .......................... 306
- sion process and the decision phase. With broadband in approximately one-third of Australian homes, it is important that telecommunications providers understand why the future mainstream segment of consumers will want to adopt broadband, and any barriers to this. This analysis suggests studies are needed to investigate whether the telecommunications providers are collectively confusing potential broadband consumers in their attempts to differentiate a generic product in the market. It argues that future technology adoption studies need to consider including the complexity of the actual purchase decision when developing constructs for quantitative models. The author argues that if we are to build a picture of why mainstream consumers adopt broadband, more than just the perceptions of using the technology itself need to be investigated.
Division II
Europe
Chapter XX Developing a Dynamic View of Broadband Adoption / Herbert Daly, Adrina Ortiz,
Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Ray J. Paul, J. Santos, and J.M. Sarriegi ........................................................... 322
The widespread domestic use of broadband Internet technology has been recognized to have a positive- velop the infrastructure, many of the countries have experienced slow adoption rates for broadband. This chapter develops a view of UK broadband adoption using dynamic modeling techniques based on an existing statistical study. The contrasting approaches to modeling are compared. Principles of a dynamic modeling system are introduced, and an appropriate form for broadband adoption chosen. The process of building a dynamic model based on an existing static model of broadband adoption is presented. Finally, the new perspective of the dynamic model is explored using the causal loop analysis technique.
Chapter XXI Employing the Content Validity Approach for Improving the Content of the Broadband Adoption Survey Instrument / Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Banita Lal, and Khalil Khoumbati ..................... 337 The overall aim of this chapter is to validate the content of the broadband adoption survey instrument
and their respective items adequately cover relevant dimensions; and third, to conduct a pre-test and pilot from the content validation are then presented and subsequently discussed.
Chapter XXII Inside the Microcosm: A Case Study of a Wireless Internet Hotspot / Pierre Vialle,
Olivier Epinette, and Olivier Segard .................................................................................................. 349
The objective of this chapter is to highlight critical elements affecting the diffusion of broadband wire-less Internet at a hotspot location, through a case study. The research deals with a wireless Internet services project in the main Paris airport, and comprises two components. First, this chapter analyzes
- ticular, the authors show how different actors can or cannot position themselves on this value chain, according to their resources and capabilities. Second, the authors explore the perceptions and attitudes of business passengers in order to better understand the potential adoption and use of hotspot services, and provide a preliminary framework of analysis. The research is drawn from a qualitative survey via in-depth interviews of potential suppliers (airline companies, service providers, airport managers) and business passengers.
Chapter XXIII Karianne Vermaas
and Lidwien van de Wijngaert ............................................................................................................ 366
broadband and narrowband), based on their usage pattern. Using individual and behavioral character- approach is employed as a starting point for an online survey. Cluster analysis and logistic regression based on patterns of behavior. Results show that the Internet users in the sample consist of a large group that more or less conducts the same online activities. Results also show that narrowband and broadband users differ in their Internet behavior.
Division III
Middle East
Chapter XXIV Factors Affecting Attitudes towards Broadband Adoption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia /
Vishanth Weerakkody .......................................................................................................................... 380
Utilizing a survey approach, this research set out to explore the reasons for the slow progress in broadband adoption and investigates the factors that may be affecting the adoption of broadband by KSA consumers.were usefulness, service quality, age, usage, type of connection, and type of accommodation. Contrary did not like the regulation. The chapter also provides a discussion on research implications, limitations, and future directions.
Division IV
North America
Chapter XXV Characteristics of Farm and Rural Internet Use in the United States / Peter L. Stenberg
and Mitchell Morehart ........................................................................................................................ 395
The Internet became enmeshed in U.S. businesses management practices over the last decade. During this period access and use of the Internet increased for all regions of the United States, most types of work places, and all income groups. In this study, the authors examine Internet use by farm and rural workers, and proprietors using descriptive statistics and market demand analysis. In their market de- mand analysis approach, the primary methodology the authors used is categorical dependent variable analysis. The results indicate income is a critical element, though other factors such as age of proprietor
Division V
South America
Chapter XXVI Broadband User Behavior Characterization / Humberto T. Marques Neto, Leonardo C.D. Rocha,
Pedro H.C. Guerra, Jussara M. Almeida, Wagner Meira Jr., and Virgilio A.F. Almeida ................... 408
This chapter presents a broadband user behavior characterization from an Internet service providerstandpoint. Understanding these user behavior patterns is important to the development of more ef- arrival process, session duration, number of bytes transferred within a session, and user request patterns.
The results show that both residential and SOHO session inter-arrival times are exponentially distributed, and point out that a typical SOHO user session is longer and transfers a larger volume of data. Analysis also uncovers two main groups of session request patterns within each user category: (1) sessions that comprise traditional Internet services, such as WWW services, e-mail, and instant messenger; and (2) across the user categories.
Volume II
Chapter XXVII Precisions about the Broadband Divide in Chile / Sergio Godoy and M. Soledad Herrera ............... 427 This chapter aims to quantify more exactly the adoption of broadband at the household level in Chile,
by assessing its impact on three types of digital divide: between users and non-users of the Internet, between usage at home and elsewhere, and between home broadband users and modem home users. This was done by a statistical analysis of WIP-Chile surveys of 2003 and 2006. At least in Chile, the main digital gap is still between users and non-users of the Internet, both in terms of age and education level. Income mainly affects the probability of having broadband access at home. Since broadband has rapidly expanded among all socioeconomic segments, it is becoming less relevant as a predictor of ac- cess and Web usage. Other factors are also weak predictors of both residential use of the Internet and broadband connections at home.
Section III
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)