Background of The Study

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of The Study

Language and society are two things that can not be separated. Without society there can be no languages, vice versa without language there can be no society. That is because the society is a lot of individuals that are interconnected and language is the most effective means of communication used by society. Language is an arbitrary system of sound symbols, used by members of a society to cooperate, interact, and identify Poerwadarminta, 1995: 77 According to Kridalaksana 1993:201 There are relationship between language and society, such as relationship to object, ideas, events, and actual speakers and listeners. Platt in Siregar 1984:66 says “Every language express in some way or other how people think, perceive and act, in what state people, things and ideas are and how they relate to each other. Words which express action, states, perceptions, etc., the verbs occur in every language. However, there are many differences in the way can be structured, what additional concepts they may express and what other words may occur with them”. This reason creates a relationship between language and society which makes sociolinguistics comes into picture. sociolinguistics is the branch of linguistics that studies the relationship and interplay between language behavior and social behavior Now people are able to speak by some languages. And in some case, it’s a must. In globalization area country can not avoid to cooperate with other countries that use . Universitas Sumatera Utara different languages. It’s the caution factor why people should master more than one language, especially English. One foreign language learned by Indonesian society is English. This is supported by the precense of English language lessons at schools. Almost every country in the world use English as their second language. This phenomenon usually called as bilingualism. Hudson 1980:4 says “Sociolinguistics is study of language in relation to society”. Hickerson 1980:81 says “Sociolinguistics is a developing sub field of linguistics which takes speech narration as its focus, viewing variation or its social context. Sociolinguistics is concerned with the correlation between such social factors and linguistics variations social factors in this case are age, religion, sex, gender and occupation”. Appel et.al 1987:10 defines sociolinguistics as science which focuses on language use in social and cultural aspects. In using language there are some capabilities needed. In daily conversation we also find some problems in using language. One of the most striking phenomena in a bilingual’s linguistic performance is the occurence of the seemingly random mixing of two languages, both within the utterances, during a conversational exchange. This linguistic behavior not only attracts scholarly attention but also raises questions about the various features which characterize mixing language. As Troike in Wardaugh 1986:51 says “In every human being there many codes and ways in speak called communication repertoire. By the existence of communication repertoire above, some people have choice in many kinds variety of language. People are usually selecting a particular code whenever they choose to speak, and they also decide to switch one code or to create a new code. As Fasold 1984:208 says “People can use two languages in conversation by turns that depend entirely on the situation”. There are two kinds of code. They are code switching Universitas Sumatera Utara where people can use two languages in conversation by turns that depends entirely on the situation; and code mixing where some people either to use the elements from one language in while they were spoken in one foreign language. One of the most striking phenomena in a bilingual’s linguistic performance is the occurrence of the seemingly random mixing of two languages, both with and within and between utterances, during a conversational exchange. The ability in mastering some languages can be the main factor of code-mixing. As everybody knows that English is an international language. Nowadays many Indonesian people use Indonesian and English language at the same time. It’s called code- mixing. Code-mixing could appear in every context of communication. Code-mixing is the application of a language or more in which put the elements of language as the word to the other language consistently. Suwito divides code mixing into two types, they are: a. “Campur kode ke dalam adalah campur kode yang bersumber dari bahasa asli dengan variasinya”inner code mixing, it occurs if the speaker inserts the elements of their own language into language, the element of dialect into own language For example: nah karena saya khadung apik sama dia. b. “Campur kode keluar adalah campur kode yang bersumber dari bahasa asing”outer code mixing, it occurs if the speaker inserts the element their own language into foreign language For example: Alunan musik yang menambah suasan lounge semakin hidup. Nababan 1993:32says bila seseorang melakukan campur kode dengan bahasa asing bertujuan untuk menunjukkan “keterpelajaran” if someone used code mixing in Universitas Sumatera Utara foreign language outer code mixing, it is to show that he is well educated”. Nababan 1933:33 says “Bilamana orang mencampur dua atau lebih bahasa dalam suatu tindak bahasa speech act atau discourse tanpa ada sesuatu dalam situasi berbahasa itu yang menuntut pencampuran bahasa itu. Dalam keadaan yang demikian, hanya kesantaian penutur atau kebiasaannya yang dituruti. Tindak bahasa yang demikian disebut campur kode”. When people mix two or more language speech act or discourse without something that demands to use the mixing language. Such as for a leisure of speaker, or an habit. We can categorize the speech as code mixing. There are some linguistic elements in code mixing, that is: a. Word b. Phrase c. Clause . One of the things that affect our society and bring into bilingual phenomenon is the mass media. Many phenomena of mixed code that can be found, one in the mass media such as teen magazines. This thesis is the result of research that discusses the code mixing between Indonesian and English in Girlfriend magazine. The writer interested finding in the case mixing and describe it. In this thesis, the writer explore identifies the code. In this code mixing phenomenon, the writer sees there are some linguisticlanguage element of English inserted into the Indonesian; that is word, phrase, and clause. There are some example of code mixing in Girlfriend magazine: 1 word : Alunan musik yang menambah suasana lounge semakin hidup 2 phrase : Universitas Sumatera Utara kamu dan teman-temanmu juga bisa sewa private room. 3 clause : GF kasih bocoran tempat nongkrong yang asyik untuk menghabiskan malam panjangmu with all your friends. Girlfriend magazine is an Australian teen magazine girl. It targets readers aged 12-17 years old with a mix of entertainment, fashion, beauty, advice and lifestyle articles. Girlfriend in 2007 became one of the first magazines to be completely printed on recycled paper . Now, Girlfriend magazine is available in Indonesia.

1.2 Problem of the Analysis