The writer did not take the total population as sample. The writer only took one class from the whole
classes and taken randomly as samples which have 35 students.
4. The Instrument of Research
The writer uses a written test as the instrument for collecting the data. For the test the writer gave
selected item from the grammar book. The test is essay form. This test consists of three items which are asking
about difficulties in using appropriate tenses, changing object in active into subject in passive, using the right
form of be, as main areas of the difficulties in passive voice.
Besides that the writer use observation and also interview to complete the data needed.
B. Research Finding
1. The Technique of Data Collecting
There are three techniques of collecting data, the writer uses observation, written test, and interview.
a. Observation.
It is done to get real and accurate data about location and population where the research is
carried out. b.
Written test. Written test is a technique in collecting the data
to find out and identify the students’ difficulty in constructing passive voice.
c. Interview.
This technique is used to supplement the data needed which are not covered by two techniques
previously. The writer asked some questions to the English teacher, to know how the English teaching-
learning process is done in the class. This technique was used to interview a teacher of “SMA Negeri 11
Kota Tangerang”.
2. The Description of Data
In this occasion, to process the data the writer analyzes the student written test. Then she marks the
sentence containing the error to identify the difficulties. The writer gave the test to the thirty five students
to take an appropriate sample of the whole population. The test consists of 26 items about difficulties in using
appropriate tenses, using the right form of be 8 items and changing object in active into subject in passive
one paragraph. The instrument of the test can be seen in appendix.
She counts the kinds of difficulty made by the students’ by tabulating and calculating the result of
difficulty in constructing passive voice. Then, she processes the calculation of result of the test by
changing the result of difficulties into percentage.
The following tables are the students’ score and the distribution of passive voice test.
Table 1 Students Score of Test Result
No. Sample Score No.
Sample Score
1. Student 1 62 19.
Student 19 55
2. Student 2 65 20.
Student 20 39
3. Student 3 46 21.
Student 21 48
4. Student 4 25 22.
Student 22 45
5. Student 5 54 23.
Student 23 28
