A Brief Description of Demonstrative Adjectives in the Articles of The Jakarta Post Newspaper

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A

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DEMONSTRATIVE

ADJECTIVES IN THE ARTICLES OF THE JAKARTA POST

NEWSPAPER

A PAPER

BY

MASYITAH BATUBARA

REG.NO. 072202048

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF LETTERS

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

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Approved by Supervisor,

NIP: 19581017 198001 1 001 Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, M.A.

Submitted to Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English

Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program,

NIP: 19510907 197902 2 001 Dra. Syahyar Hanum, DPFE

Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatra

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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III of Examination of the Diploma III of English Study Program, Faculty of Letters University of Sumatera Utara.

The examination is held on April 18th, 2010

Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara Dean,

NIP: 19650909 199403 1 004 Prof. Syaifuddin, M.A., Ph.D.

Board of Examiner and Reader

Examiner : Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, M.A

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AUTHOR'S DECLARATION

I, MASYITAH BATUBARA, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed : ………….. Date : April, 2010

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : MASYITAH BATUBARA

Title of Paper : A Brief Description of Demonstrative Adjectives in the Articles of The Jakarta Post Newspaper.

Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed : ………. Date : April, 2010

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ABSTRAK

Kertas karya yang berjudul “A Brief Description of Demonstrative Adjectives in The Articles of The Jakarta Post Newspaper” ini membahas tentang penggunaan demonstrative adjective di dalam kalimat yang terdapat pada artikel surat kabar harian Jakarta Post. Menurut teori Suryadi dan Junaida, demonstrative adjective adalah kata sifat yang dipergunakan untuk kata ganti penunjuk baik personal maupun non-personal, dan demonstrative adjective dibagikan menjadi dua jenis yaitu definite dan indefinite. Kata tunjuk yang termasuk jenis definite adalah ‘the’, ‘this’, ‘these’, ‘that’, ‘those’, dan ‘such’; dan kata tunjuk yang termasuk dalam jenis indefinite adalah ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘any’, ‘some’, ‘another’, dan ‘other’. Tujuan dari pemilihan topik kertas karya ini adalah untuk mengetahui tentang sejauh mana para jurnalis dari surat kabar harian tersebut menggunakan demonstrative adjective dalam tulisan-tulisan yang mereka hasilkan. Kertas karya ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dan di dalam pembahasannya terdapat paparan contoh-contoh kalimat sesuai dengan topiknya. Setelah membaca, menghitung, mentabulasikan jenis demonstrative adjectives yang terdapat pada artikel-artikel di harian surat kabar Jakarta Post yang dikalkulasikan dengan menggunakan teori Junaidi dan Suwono, maka ditemukan bahwa demonstrative adjectives yang paling dominan digunakan dalam artikel-artikel Jakarta Post adalah definite demonstrative adjective ‘the’ dengan persentase 70,63%, dan yang paling jarang digunakan adalah indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘another’ dengan persentase 0,49%.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim.

First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health, strength and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Department Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara.

Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, and appreciation to:

• My beloved siblings, Aisyah Mardiah, Ahmad Fauzi, Rahmat Hidayat,

Muhammad Faisal and Atikah. Thank you for all your motivations, advices, prays, loves and financial. I present this paper for you.

• Dra. Syahyar Hanum, D.P.F.E. as the Head of English Diploma Study Program, who gives me a lot of knowledge.

• Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, M.A., as my supervisor and Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum. as my reader. Thank you for the valuable time in giving the correction and constructive critics in completing this paper.

• Prof. Syaifuddin, M.A., Ph.D., as the Dean of Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara.

• All lecturers in English Diploma Study Program for giving me advices and knowledges.

• My lovely cousins Lia Nurusshabah and Syauqina Batubara for lending me your books and for being a wonderful sister.

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• My second parents, Ayah Mirwan, Abah Muhyi, Umi Dewi, Umi Wardah, Bunde Hawa for being a kind and nice parents, may Allah bless you all.

• Kak Ika (Mam) and Kak Friska Mailis Sari, thanks for being my sisters and best friends too. I will never forget your kindness to me.

• My best friends: Masdalifah, Maya, Dini, Ningsih, Wulan, Yuliska, Tri and Sulis. Thank you for your support, cares and other things that help me to complete this paper. Thank you for the nice friendship during our study. I will be missing the days we spent together.

Finally, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, I welcome any constructive critics and suggestions towards this paper.

Medan, April 18, 2010

The writer,

Reg. No. 072202048

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION………... i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION………... ii

ABSTRACT ……… iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……… iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS……… vi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study ... 1

1.2. Scope of the Study ... 2

1.3. Purpose of the Study ... 2

1.4. Significance of the Study ... 3

1.5. The Method of Research ... 3

CHAPTER 2 THE BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES 2.1. The Definition of Adjective ... 4

2.2. The Position of Adjective ... 4

2.3. The Definition of Demonstrative Adjective ... 5

2.4. The Usage of Demonstrative Adjectives………. 6

2.5. The Classification of Demonstrative Adjectives ... 8

2.5.1. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives ... 8

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CHAPTER 3 THE DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES IN THE ARTICLES OF JAKARTA POST NEWSPAPER

3.1. The Data of the Articles in Jakarta Post Newspaper…………... 14

3.2. The Analysis of Demonstrative Adjectives in the Articles of Jakarta Post Newspaper……….…... 16

3.2.1. Definite Demonstrative Adjective ‘the’……….…. 16 3.2.2. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘this’ and ‘these’…... 20 3.2.3. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘that’ and ‘those’…… 20 3.2.4. Definite Demonstrative Adjective ‘such’……….... 21 3.2.5. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘a’ and ‘an’……….… 21 3.2.6. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘some’ and ‘any’……. 23 3.2.7. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘another’ and ‘other’... 24

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1. Conclusions ……… 29 4.2. Suggestions………. 30

REFERENCES APPENDICES

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ABSTRAK

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study

Language, as a means of communication plays an important role to human’s life. We use language in order to communicate one another, express our personal reactions to situations, to stimulate a response in something else, and for the sake of thinking something out (Montgomery, 1962:15).

There are many languages in the world. Every person speaks their own language, for instance Indonesians speak Indonesian and English people speak English, etc. But nowadays in the era of globalization, English language becomes the international language because many countries interact with other countries. So, they need international language in order to understand each other.

Every language has rule to make it better in usage. Grammar is the set of logical and structural rules that govern the composition of sentences, phrases, and words in any given natural language. A formal study of grammar is an important part of education because learning to speak means learning the grammar too.

Grammar in English language is considered hard to master by the Indonesians because it is very complicated and does not has the same rules as the grammar in Indonesian language. English grammar contains many items; one of it is demonstrative adjective.

English dominates the exchange of news around the world, such as news article in a newspaper. For instance in Indonesia, Jakarta Post uses English. We

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can find that there are demonstrative adjectives used such as ‘the’, ‘this’, ‘these’, ‘that’, ‘those’, ‘such’, ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘any’, ‘some’, ‘another’, and ‘other’ (Suryadi and Junaida, 2007:70).

Here the writer analyzes the use of demonstrative adjectives in the articles of Jakarta Post newspaper. Besides, she wants to know how often the demonstrative adjectives are used in the Jakarta Post.

1.2. Scope of the Study

Learning English grammar is not an easy thing because English is mostly the second language of Indonesians. In order to make the learners not to be confused in learning this paper, the writer limits the study on demonstrative adjectives in the articles of Jakarta Post Newspaper published on December 26, 2009; December 30, 2009; January 4, 2010; and January 25, 2010. This study explains the definition, usage and classification of using demonstrative adjectives.

1.3. Purpose of the Study

The purposes of the study are:

1. To find out and classify the kinds of demonstrative adjectives in the articles of Jakarta Post Newspaper.

2. To find out the most dominant use of demonstrative adjectives in the articles of Jakarta post Newspaper.

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1.4. Significance of the Study

The significances of the study are:

1. To enrich knowledge about adjective especially demonstrative adjectives. 2. To guide readers in studying demonstrative adjectives.

3. To be a reference for the next researcher in analyzing the grammar.

1.5. The Method of research

In writing this paper the writer uses a method of research, that is, library research. She collects and reads English grammar books as her references. The writer collects some articles from Jakarta Post Newspaper and internet as the sources of data. The data, the demonstrative adjectives, found in the articles are then identified and categorized. Finally, the writer combines and tabulates the demonstrative adjectives based on their type in order to find out the type dominantly used in those articles.

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CHAPTER 2

THE BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

2.1. The Definition of Adjective

An adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a noun or pronoun, and give more information about the noun or pronoun’s referent. Collectively, adjectives form one of the traditional English eight parts of speech, though linguists today distinguish adjectives from words such as determiners that also used to be considered adjectives (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective).

The adjectives are used to clarify nouns and it can be one word or a group of words. They can also be used with certain verbs (such as the verb “to be”) and to clarify the subject that is doing the action. In general, adjectives are used to describe colour, material, shape, size, amount, price, quality, origin, personality, weight, temperature, weight, age, direction, etc. They may come before the word they describe or they may follow the word they describe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective).

2.2. The Position of Adjective 2.2.1. Attributive position

Adjectives can appear before a noun as a part of a noun phrase, placed after determiners or numbers if there are any, and immediately before the noun. (Cyssco, 2008:76).

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 She was very proud of her long hair.

 He bought two brown bread rolls.

Adjectives placed before a noun in this way are generally referred to as occurring in the attributive position.

2.2.2. Predicative position

Adjectives can also occur as complements of the verb to be and other link verb such as become, feel or seem (Cyssco, 2008:76).

Examples:

 Her smile is beautiful.

 She didn’t seem happy to see me.

Adjectives placed after the verb in this way are generally referred to as occurring in the predicative position.

When information contained in an adjective is not the main focus of a statement, then the adjective is usually placed before the noun in the attributive position.

2.3. The Definition of Demonstrative Adjective

Demonstrative Adjective is an adjective that points out which person, object or concept is being referred to; whether it is singular or plural, and whether it is near or far from the speaker or writer

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2.4. The Usage of Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative adjectives follow the same rules as other adjectives, and can be used either attributively or predicatively (Parsons, 2008:

http://www.englishclub.com). 1. Attributive Usage

When a demonstrative adjective is used to directly modify a noun, it is said to be used attributively. A noun with an attributive adjective is said to comprise an adjective phrase (for example, this man, where the adjective this modifies the noun man and the two words comprise a phrase).

Attributive adjectives have the followi 1. They follow the noun they modify

2. They agree with the noun they modify in: • Gender

• Number

• Definiteness (if the noun is definite, the adjective must be, too)

Examples:

Feminine Masculine

This woman This man

These women These men

Feminine Masculine

That woman That man

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In these examples, notice how the demonstrative adjectives appear after their nouns with which they agree in gender, number, and definiteness. In each case the adjective is being used attributively.

2. Predicate Usage

Recall that predicate adjectives have the following properties:

1. They appear before the noun they modify 2. They agree with the noun they modify in:

• Gender • Number

• but not in definiteness

When a demonstrative adjective functions this way, it is actually behaving substantively as a pronoun (which we call a demonstrative pronoun).

Examples:

Feminine Masculine

This is the woman This is the man These are the women These are the men

Feminine Masculine

That is the woman That is the man Those are the women Those are the men

In these examples, notice how the demonstrative pronouns appear before their nouns with which they agree in gender, number but not in definiteness

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2.5. The Classification of Demonstrative Adjectives.

Demonstrative adjectives can be classified into two part, they are definite and indefinite demonstrative (Suryadi and Junaida, 2007:70).

2.5.1. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives

A. Definite Demonstrative Adjective ‘the’.

The adjective ‘the’ is always known as a definite article which points out some particular persons or things. It can be used for countable or uncountable nouns, depends on the situation.

Based on the theory of Martin and Wren, the definite demonstrative adjective ‘the’ is used:

 When we speak of a particular person or thing, or one already referred to

 When a singular noun is meant to represent a whole class

 With names of gulfs, rivers, seas, oceans, groups of islands, and mountain-range

 Before the names of certain books

 Before common nouns which are names of things unique of their kind

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 Before a proper noun only when it is qualified by an adjective or a defining adjectival clause.

 With superlatives

 With ordinals

 With decades, or groups of years

 Before musical instruments

B. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘this and these’.

‘This’ and ‘these’ are generally used for things that are near. ‘This’ goes with singular nouns, while ‘these’ goes with plural nouns.

Examples:

 We haven’t much time to do this long exercise.

 These mangoes are sour.

C. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘that and those’.

‘That’ and ‘those’ are generally used for things that are further away. ‘That’ goes with singular nouns, while ‘those’ goes with plural nouns.

Examples:

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 Please give me those clothes.

D. Definite Demonstrative Adjective ‘such’.

‘Such’ clause expresses cause and the ‘that’ clause expresses result.

Table 1

CAUSE RESULT

subject verb such a adjective count noun

(singular) that subject verb

It was such a hot day that we went

out

Examples:

 She is such a nice girl that everyone likes her.

 It is such difficult homework that I can’t do it at all.

2.5.2. Indefinite Demonstrative adjectives

A. Indefinite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘a’ and ‘an’.

A and an are used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns. A and an mean one. They are used before singular count nouns. A is used before words that begin with a consonant sound. An is used before words that begin with a vowel sound.

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The choice between a and an is determined by sound. Before a word, beginning with a vowel sound an is used; as,

An enemy, an orange, an umbrella, an hour, an honest man.

It will be noticed that the words hour and honest begin with a vowel sound, as the initial consonant h is not pronounced.

Before a word beginning with a consonant sound a is used; as, A boy, a yard, a hole, a university, a union

Because these words (university, union) begin with a consonant sound, that of yu.

Before words beginning with h and not accented on the first syllable, an is often used; as,

An heir, an hour, an honest

Based on the theory of Martin and Wren, the indefinite demonstrative adjectives ‘a’ and ‘an’ are used:

 To refer to something for the first time.

 To refer to a particular member of a group or class.

 To refer to a kind of, or example of something.

 With singular nouns, after the words ‘what’ and ‘such’.

 Meaning ‘one’, referring to a single object or person. A Consonant sound

A Foreign student

An Vowel sound An International student

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B. Indefinite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘some’ and ‘any’.

‘Some’ and ‘any’ are used before the countable and uncountable noun to show the indefinite quantity. ‘Some’ is used in positive sentences, while ‘any’ is used in negative sentences.

Examples:

 I have got some new friends here.

 He doesn’t need any stamps.

‘Some’ and ‘any’ are also used in the interrogative sentences.

Example:

 Do you have any homework to do?

 Do you have some money?

C. Indefinite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘another’ and ‘other’.

‘Another’ comes from an + other. The word has a meaning one more out of a group of similar items. The word ‘another’ can be used in the form of an adjective in front of a noun or the word one.

Examples:

 She asked me to give her another example of my drawing.

 They gave the child a balloon. When the child didn’t stop crying, they gave her another one.

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‘Other’ means several more out of a group of similar items. It can be used in front of a plural noun or the word ones.

Examples:

 He kept the other tickets for himself.

 That girl has three ribbons. She takes one for her, one for her sister and gave other ones to her best friend.

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CHAPTER 3

THE DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES IN THE ARTICLES OF JAKARTA POST NEWSPAPER

3.1. The Data of the Articles in Jakarta Post Newspaper.

The data which the writer collects are selected from Jakarta Post daily newspaper. The data were collected from December 26, 2009 up to January 25, 2010. The list of the data can be seen in the table 2 below.

Table 2

No. TITLES DAY, DATE SOURCE

1. Tsunami victims still in shelters

Saturday, December 26, 2009 The Jakarta Post

2. Developer may have building license revoked

Saturday, December 26, 2009 The Jakarta Post

3. Jakarta closing in on year-end target for East Flood Canal

Wednesday, December 30, 2009

The Jakarta Post

4. Corruption, the country’s top enemy

Wednesday, December 30, 2009

The Jakarta Post

5. Tumpek Kandang held to honor livestock

Monday, January 4, 2010 The Jakarta Post

6. Clinton foundation draws eclectic list of donors

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7. President Yudhoyono releases 3rd pop music album

Monday, January 25, 2010 The Jakarta Post

8. Astronauts finally get Internet access in space

Monday, January 25, 2010 The Jakarta Post

After collecting the data, the writer classified the data based on definite and indefinite demonstrative adjectives. They can be seen in the table below.

Table 3: The identification of the total types of demonstrative adjectives found in Jakarta Post’s articles.

Day, Date Title Definite Demonstrative Adjectives Indefinite Demonstrative Adjectives T H E T H I S T H E S E T H A T T H O S E S U C H

A A N A N Y S O M E A N O T H E R O T H E R Saturday, December 26, 2009 Tsunami victims

still in shelters 50 - - 1 2 - 13 2 - 1 - 2

Saturday, December 26, 2009 Developer may have building license revoked

27 - - 3 1 - 4 - 2 - - 1

Wednesday, December 30,

2009

Jakarta closing in on year-end target

for East Flood Canal

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Wednesday, December 30,

2009

Corruption, the

country’s top enemy 40 - 1 3 4 1 8 1 1 - 1 -

Monday, January 4,

2010

Tumpek Kandang held to honor

livestock

43 3 1 3 1 - 7 - - 1 - -

Monday, January 4,

2010

Clinton foundation draws eclectic list

of donors

47 - - 3 - 1 11 3 1 - - 1

Monday, January 25,

2010

President Yudhoyono releases 3rd pop

music album

29 - 2 4 - 1 4 - - 1 - 1

Monday, January 25,

2010

Astronauts finally get Internet access

in space

10 2 1 - - - 6 2 - - 1 1

Total

291 5 5 18 9 4 55 8 4 5 2 6

The total number of demonstrative adjectives is 412.

3.2. The Analysis of Demonstrative Adjectives in the Articles of Jakarta Post Newspaper.

Below are the samples of the use of variety demonstrative adjectives taken from the eight articles of Jakarta Post Newspaper.

3.2.1. Definite Demonstrative Adjective ‘the’:

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 The families were forced to return to Bakoy and have been there since, engaged in a long battle to get back their houses. (From the article entitled Tsunami victims still in shelters).

 Sutarto denied the incident had anything to do with management. (From the article entitled Developer may have building license revoked).

 We admit that there are certain spots that haven’t reached the required width. (From the article entitled Jakarta closing in on year-end target for East Flood Canal).

2. When a singular noun is meant to represent a whole class.

 The shelter, known as the Bakoy barracks. (From the article entitled Tsunami victims still in shelters).

 The city, including Cipinang, Sunter, Buaran, Jatikramat, Cakung and Belancong. (From the article entitled Jakarta closing in on year-end target for East Flood Canal).

 During the era of Mahatir Mohammad. (From the article entitled Corruption, the country’s top enemy).

3. With names of gulfs, rivers, seas, oceans, groups of islands, and mountain- ranges.

There is no sample of ‘the’ with the names of gulfs, rivers, seas, oceans, groups of islands, and mountain- ranges in the whole articles that I collected.

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4. Before the names of certain books.

There is no sample of ‘the’ before the names of certain books in the whole articles.

5. Before common nouns which are names of things unique of their kind.

 He is sharing the space station with another American. (From the article entitled Astronauts finally get Internet access in space).

 Around the world on such issues as health care, particularly HIV/AIDS; climate change, and economic development. (From the article entitled Clinton foundation draws eclectic list of donors).

 The god of cattle and livestock. (From the article entitled Tumpek Kandang held to honor livestock).

6. Before a proper noun.

 During the Tumpek Kandang, which falls once every 210 days, the Balinese organize special rituals to honor domesticated animals. (From the article entitled Tumpek Kandang held to honor livestock).

 The President explained that the album contained songs from various genres. (From the article entitled President Yudhoyono release 3rd pop music album).

 He said the construction of the East Flood Canal was 96.5 percent completed. (From the article entitled Jakarta closing in on year-end target for East Flood Canal).

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7. With superlatives.

 The latest BRR data showed that 139,195 houses were destroyed in the tsunami. (From the article entitled Tsunami victims still in shelters).

 The city had completed the hardest part- the land procurement- on Des. 18. (From the article entitled Jakarta closing in on year-end target for East Flood Canal).

 Also during his times, the country had the lowest transparency. (From the article entitled Corruption, the country’s top enemy).

8. With ordinals.

 He posted the first live twitter post truly space. (From the article entitled Astronauts finally get Internet access in space).

9. With decades, or groups of years.

 Over the pass three decades, contracts and projects have been issued directly to entrepreneurs with political background or grassroot members of political parties. (From the article entitled Corruption, the country’s top enemy).

10. Before musical instruments.

There is no sample of ‘the’ before musical instruments in the articles that I collected.

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3.2.2. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘this’ and ‘these’:

 During this celebration, the animals are given great attention. (From the article entitled Tumpek Kandang held to honor livestock).

 This remote Internet access is possible whenever there is a solid high-speed communication link. (From the article entitled Astronauts finally get Internet access in space).

 These songs were inspired by a belief that no one can change the destiny of a nation but the children of the nation itself. (From the article entitled President Yudhoyono release 3rd pop music album).

 Holy water and rice are sprinkled on the head of these animals at the end of the ceremony. (From the article entitled Tumpek Kandang held to honor livestock).

The samples above show sentences using ‘this’ and ‘these’ to explain the near objects.

3.2.3. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘that’ and ‘those’:

 It has evolved into a complicated political and business collusion, that is, the “Malaysian revolving door”. (From the article entitled Corruption, the country’s top enemy).

 My Heart was Enlightened That Night. (From the article entitled President Yudhoyono release 3rd pop music album).

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 The administration has promised compensation to the families of those killed and injured. (From the article entitled Developer may have building license revoked).

 The competition was held based on those categories. (From the article entitled Tumpek Kandang held to honor livestock).

The sentences in the samples above use ‘that’ and ‘those’ to explain the far objects.

3.2.4. Definite Demonstrative Adjective ‘such’:

 Pitoyo Subandrio, said some sections, such as those at Sunter, Pahlawan Revolusi Bridge, Pondok Kopi, Rawa Bebek and Marunda in North Jakarta, were not fully dredged. (From the article entitled Jakarta closing in on year-end target for East Flood Canal).

 Such an overprotective practice has caused more and more blatant cooruption. (From the article entitled Corruption, the country’s top enemy).

3.2.5. Indefinite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘a’ and ‘an’: 1. To refer to something for the first time.

 Fakhruddin was given a house in Labuy village in Aceh Besar several months ago by an international relief agency. (From the article entitled Tsunami victims still in shelters).

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2. To refer to a particular member of a group or class.

 The pigs have their bellies wrapped with a white or yellow cloth. (From the article entitled Tumpek Kandang held to honor livestock).

 It offers a corruption opportunity for those who are responsible to distribute projects. (From the article entitled Corruption, the country’s top enemy).

 An Indiana Republican said when the first list was released in December 2008 that the disclosure “is designed to establish greater transparency. (From the article entitled Clinton foundation draws eclectic list of donors).

3. To refer to a kind of, or examples of something.

 This remote Internet access is possible whenever there is a solid high-speed communication link. (From the article entitled Astronauts finally get Internet access in space).

 Such as Saluang from West Sumatera, a Kalimantan guitar, Kulintang from Minahasa, and tifa from Papua. (From the article entitled President Yudhoyono release 3rd pop music album).

4. With singular nouns, after the words ‘what’ and ‘such’

There is no sample of ‘a’ and ‘an’ with singular nouns, after the words ‘what’ and ‘such’ in the whole articles.

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5. Meaning ‘one’, referring to a single object or person.

 Fetching water from a hole he dug in the ground. (From the article entitled Tsunami victims still in shelters).

 Late November, Umar, a 27-year-old man, allegedly drowned while looking for fish in the canal in the East Flood in East Jakarta. (From the article entitled Jakarta closing in on year-end target for East Flood Canal).

3.2.6. Indefinite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘some’ and ‘any’:

 Some of the houses which were allocated to them have been taken by people who claim to be tsunami survivors. (From the article entitled Tsunami victims still in shelters).

 “Some of the sections are still 15 meters width, compared to the required 70 meters,” Pitoyo said. (From the article entitled Jakarta closing in on year-end target for East Flood Canal).

 If there is any misconduct in the building process. (From the article entitled Developer may have building license revoked).

 They issue funds without any inspection. (From the article entitled Corruption, the country’s top enemy).

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3.2.7. Indefinite Demonstrative Adjectives ‘another’ and ‘other’:

 Other singers said they were invited by the President to his private residence in Cikeas, West Java. (From the article entitled President Yudhoyono release 3rd pop music album).

 Together with 97 other families whose homes were also seized. (From the article entitled Tsunami victims still in shelters).

 Civil servants who are found to have wasted public funds, involved in corruption and fraud will usually be transferred to another department or sacked. (From the article entitled Corruption, the country’s top enemy).

 He is sharing the space station with another American, one Japanese and two Russians. (From the article entitled Astronauts finally get Internet access in space).

Table 4: The description of the highest use of demonstrative adjectives in the Jakarta Post’s published on Saturday, December 26, 2009 with the title of Tsunami victims still in shelters.

Edition Demonstrative Adjectives Saturday, December 26,

2009

Definite Indefinite 1. The (50) 1. A (13) 2. That (1) 2. An (2) 3. Those (2) 3. Some (1) 4. Other (2)

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Table 5: The description of the highest use of demonstrative adjectives in the Jakarta Post’s articles published on Saturday, December 26, 2009 with the title of Developer may have building license revoked.

Edition Demonstrative Adjectives Saturday, December 26,

2009

Definite Indefinite 1. The (27) 1. A (4) 2. That (3) 2. Any (2) 3. Those (1) 3. Other (1)

Table 6: The description of the highest use of demonstrative adjectives in the Jakarta Post’s articles published on Wednesday, December 30, 2009 with the title of Jakarta closing in on year-end target for East Flood Canal.

Edition Demonstrative Adjectives Wednesday, December

30, 2009

Definite Indefinite 1. The (45) 1. A (2) 2. That (1) 2. Some (2) 3. Those (1)

4. Such (1)

Table 7: The description of the highest use of demonstrative adjectives in the Jakarta Post’s articles published on Wednesday, December 30, 2009 with the title of Corruption, the country’s top enemy.

Edition Demonstrative Adjectives

Wednesday, December 30, 2009

Definite Indefinite 1. The (40) 1. A (8) 2. These (1) 2. An (1) 3. That (3) 3. Any (1) 4. Those (4) 4. Another (1) 5. Such (1)

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Table 8: The description of the highest use of demonstrative adjectives in the Jakarta Post’s articles published on Monday, January 4, 2010 with the title of Tumpek Kandang held to honor livestock.

Edition Demonstrative Adjectives

Monday, January 4, 2010

Definite Indefinite 1. The (43) 1. A (7) 2. This (3) 2. Some (1) 3. These (1)

4. That (3) 5. Those (1)

Table 9: The description of the highest use of demonstrative adjectives in the Jakarta Post’s articles published on Monday, January 4, 2010 with the title of Clinton foundation draws eclectic list of donors.

Edition Demonstrative Adjectives Monday, January 4,

2010

Definite Indefinite 1. The (47) 1. A (11) 2. That (3) 2. An (3) 3. Such (1) 3. Any (1) 4. Other (1)

Table 10: The description of the highest use of demonstrative adjectives in the Jakarta Post’s articles published on Monday, January 25, 2010 with the title of President Yudhoyono release 3rd pop music album.

Edition Demonstrative Adjectives Monday, January 25,

2010

Definite Indefinite 1. The (29) 1. A (4) 2. These (2) 2. Some (1) 3. That (4) 3. Other (1) 4. Such (1)

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Table 11: The description of the highest use of demonstrative adjectives in the Jakarta Post’s articles published on Monday, January 25, 2010 with the title of Astronauts finally get Internet access in space.

Edition Demonstrative Adjectives Monday, January 25,

2010

Definite Indefinite 1. The (10) 1. A (6) 2. This (2) 2. An (2) 3. These (1) 3. Another (1) 4. Other (1)

From the tables above, we can see the number of demonstrative adjectives used in each article. All the numerals if we change into percentage of overage classification of demonstrative adjectives, we will obtain the following result (Junaidi and Suwono, 2004:40).

The formula:

X = the percentage of each demonstrative adjective Y = the total number of each demonstrative adjective N = the total number of demonstrative adjectives

The percentages of demonstrative adjectives in the eight articles can be seen through the following table.

X = x 100 % Y N

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Table 12: The percentages of demonstrative adjectives No. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives Percentage

1. The 70,63 %

2. This 1,21 %

3. These 1,21 %

4. That 4,37 %

5. Those 2,18 %

6. Such 0,97 %

Indefinite Demonstrative Adjectives

1. A 13,35 %

2. An 1,95 %

3. Any 0,97 %

4. Some 1,21 %

5. Another 0,49 %

6 Other 1,46 %

The table above shows the overall figures of the use of demonstrative adjectives. A definite demonstrative adjective ‘the’ shows the highest use with the figure of 70,63 %. The second highest percentage is the indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘a’ which show 13,35 %. The definite demonstrative adjective ‘that’ and ‘those’ stand at the figures of 4,37 % and 2,18 % respectively. The figures of indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘an’ and ‘other’ show 1,95 % and 1,46 %. The definite demonstrative adjectives ‘this’, ‘these’ and indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘some’ show the same figures which is 1,21 % each. Then the definite demonstrative adjective ‘such’ and indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘any’ stand at the figure of 0,97 %. The lowest use of demonstrative adjective is at the indefinite part which is ‘another’ with the figure of 0,49 %.

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CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1. Conclusions

Departing from the description in the previous chapter, it can be concluded that demonstrative adjectives are commonly used in the news articles. They have a function to point out an item, object, person or concept being referred to, either the referred things are definite or indefinite. The demonstrative adjectives also help readers to know the position and the quantity of the things being referred to.

The most frequent use of demonstrative adjective in the articles of Jakarta Post Newspaper can be seen below:

 The definite demonstrative adjective ‘the’ is 70,63 %.

 The definite demonstrative adjective ‘this’ is 1,21 %.

 The definite demonstrative adjective ‘these’ is 1,21 %.

 The definite demonstrative adjective ‘that’ is 4,37 %.

 The definite demonstrative adjective ‘those’ is 2,18 %.

 The definite demonstrative adjective ‘such’ is 0,97 %.

 The indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘a’ is 13,35 %.

 The indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘an’ is 1,95 %.

 The indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘any’ is 0,97 %.

 The indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘some’ is 1,21 %.

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 The indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘other’ is 1,46 %.

It can be concluded that the definite demonstrative adjective ‘the’ is used the most than others and indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘another’ is the least use in the articles of Jakarta Post.

4.2. Suggestion.

Based on the conclusion, there are some suggestions for all students who are interested in reading and writing, especially the beginners:

• The students have to learn in using demonstrative adjectives because it always appears in the reading text or articles.

• The students should have more practice in analyzing the grammar in English articles.

• For the writers and journalists, they should use demonstrative adjectives in their writings properly and clearly.

• I do hope this paper can be a source book that will enrich knowledge about demonstrative adjectives.

(42)

REFERENCES

Crystal,David. 1997.English as a Global Language. England: Cambridge University Press.

Cyssco,Dhanny.R. 2000.English Grammar Practice For Toefl Preparation Test. Jakarta: Puspa Swara.

Cyssco,Dhanny.R. 2008. Comprehensive English Grammar. Bekasi: Kesaint Blanc.

Damayanti,Ika L. 2005. Integrated English Learning. Bandung: Sinergi Pustaka Indonesia.

Dwi,W. Elan. 2005.Modern English Grammar. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Eckserly,C.E. and Macaulay,Margaret. 1985. Brighter Grammar. England: Longman Group Ltd.

2010).

Junaidi, S. and Suwono, Eko. 2004. Matematika SMP Kelas 3. Surabaya: Esis/Erlangga.

Lynch,Paul and Brizee Allen. 2010. Using Articles. (Online), (http://owl.englishpurdue.edu, accessed on 11 February 2010).

Martin,H. and Wren,P.C. 1986. High School English Grammar and Composition. New Delhi: Ram Nagar.

Montgomery,Robert.L and Sutherland,William.O.S. 1962.Language and Ideas. Canada: Little Brown and Company Limited.

Parsons, John J. 2008. Introduction to Demostrative Adjectives. (Online),

Sharpe,Pamela J. 2002. How to Prepare for the Toefl. Jakarta Barat: Binarupa Aksara.

Suryadi and Junaida. 2007. Complete English Grammar. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

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APPENDICES

• Title: ‘Tsunami victims still in shelters’ issued on December 26, 2009, The Jakarta Post Newspaper.

• Title: ‘Developer may have building license revoked’ issued on December 26, 2009, The Jakarta Post Newspaper.

• Title: ‘Jakarta closing in on year-end target for East Flood Canal’ issued on December 30, 2009, The Jakarta Newspaper.

• Title: Corruption, the country’s top enemy’ issued on December 30, 2009, The Jakarta Post Newspaper.

• Title: ‘Tumpek Kandang held to honor livestock’ issued on January 4, 2010, The Jakarta Post Newspaper.

• Title: ‘Clinton foundation draws eclectic list of donors’ issued on January 4, 2010, The Jakarta post Newspaper.

• Title: ‘President Yudhoyono releases 3rd pop music album’ issued on January 25, 2010, The Jakarta Post Newspaper.

• Title: ‘Astronauts finally get Internet access in space’ issued on January 25, 2010, The Jakarta Post Newspaper.

(1)

Edition Demonstrative Adjectives

Monday, January 25, 2010

Definite Indefinite

1. The (10) 1. A (6) 2. This (2) 2. An (2) 3. These (1) 3. Another (1) 4. Other (1)

The formula:

X = the percentage of each demonstrative adjective Y = the total number of each demonstrative adjective N = the total number of demonstrative adjectives

The percentages of demonstrative adjectives in the eight articles can be seen through the following table.

X = x 100 % Y N

(2)

Table 12: The percentages of demonstrative adjectives No. Definite Demonstrative Adjectives Percentage

1. The 70,63 %

2. This 1,21 %

3. These 1,21 %

4. That 4,37 %

5. Those 2,18 %

6. Such 0,97 %

Indefinite Demonstrative Adjectives

1. A 13,35 %

2. An 1,95 %

3. Any 0,97 %

4. Some 1,21 %

5. Another 0,49 %

6 Other 1,46 %

(3)

CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1. Conclusions

The most frequent use of demonstrative adjective in the articles of Jakarta Post Newspaper can be seen below:

 The definite demonstrative adjective ‘the’ is 70,63 %.  The definite demonstrative adjective ‘this’ is 1,21 %.  The definite demonstrative adjective ‘these’ is 1,21 %.  The definite demonstrative adjective ‘that’ is 4,37 %.  The definite demonstrative adjective ‘those’ is 2,18 %.  The definite demonstrative adjective ‘such’ is 0,97 %.  The indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘a’ is 13,35 %.  The indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘an’ is 1,95 %.  The indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘any’ is 0,97 %.

(4)

 The indefinite demonstrative adjective ‘other’ is 1,46 %.

4.2. Suggestion.

Based on the conclusion, there are some suggestions for all students who are interested in reading and writing, especially the beginners:

• The students have to learn in using demonstrative adjectives because it always appears in the reading text or articles.

• The students should have more practice in analyzing the grammar in English articles.

• For the writers and journalists, they should use demonstrative adjectives in their writings properly and clearly.

• I do hope this paper can be a source book that will enrich knowledge about demonstrative adjectives.

(5)

REFERENCES

Crystal,David. 1997.English as a Global Language. England: Cambridge University Press.

Cyssco,Dhanny.R. 2000.English Grammar Practice For Toefl Preparation Test. Jakarta: Puspa Swara.

Cyssco,Dhanny.R. 2008. Comprehensive English Grammar. Bekasi: Kesaint Blanc.

Damayanti,Ika L. 2005. Integrated English Learning. Bandung: Sinergi Pustaka Indonesia.

Dwi,W. Elan. 2005.Modern English Grammar. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Eckserly,C.E. and Macaulay,Margaret. 1985. Brighter Grammar. England: Longman Group Ltd.

2010).

Junaidi, S. and Suwono, Eko. 2004. Matematika SMP Kelas 3. Surabaya: Esis/Erlangga.

Lynch,Paul and Brizee Allen. 2010. Using Articles. (Online), (http://owl.englishpurdue.edu, accessed on 11 February 2010).

Martin,H. and Wren,P.C. 1986. High School English Grammar and Composition. New Delhi: Ram Nagar.

Montgomery,Robert.L and Sutherland,William.O.S. 1962.Language and Ideas. Canada: Little Brown and Company Limited.

Parsons, John J. 2008. Introduction to Demostrative Adjectives. (Online),