Writing Theory of Writing

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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter consists of three parts, namely the theoretical description, the review of existing research and the theoretical framework. The theoretical description concerns with the theories that underline the topic of the research, namely theory of writing and theory of feedback. The review of existing research reviews some researches related to feedback which were conducted previously. Then, the implementation of the theories in this study is discussed in the theoretical framework.

2.1 Theoretical Description

This part consists of an explanation about two theories, which underlie this study. The first theory is theory of writing and the second one is theory of feedback.

2.1.1 Theory of Writing

This study deals with writing, therefore, it is necessary to reveal some relevant theories of writing. The theories elaborated in this part are writing and writing product versus writing process approach.

2.1.1.1 Writing

Writing is known as a means of communication. Through writing, people can communicate their ideas and messages to other people in the real world. They can also exchange information and transfer knowledge one to another. In other PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 8 words, writing is a way of thinking, learning and sharing ideas with others Zimmerman and Rodrigues, 1992: 4. Moreover, people can explore and express themselves Sherman, 1995: 12. People can explore their individual potentials and express their ideas andor ways of thinking in their writings. In ESLEFL context, writing becomes one of the skills which has to be mastered besides speaking, listening and reading. A good writing skill is important in this academic context as it helps students to achieve academic success in which their writings are used as evidence of learning such as in essays and assignments or as a means of learning like in notes and summaries Richards, 1992: 100. In addition, the students’ competence of English proficiency may also be activated through the process of writing since this skill needs other basic skills like good grammatical accuracy, extended vocabulary acquisition, logical way of thinking or paragraph organization and critical point of view on certain topics Kuswandono, 2003. In relation with its significance, the ESLEFL students are expected to have a good writing skill. They are expected to be able to compose a good written work which has appropriate content, organization, sentence structures and word choice for its audience and purpose Zimmerman and Rodrigues, 1992: 9. In order to help students to develop their writing ability, it is necessary for the teacher to engage students in the process of writing which emphasizes in the production of series of draft involving the process of pre-writing, writing, revising and rewriting Dixon and Nessel, 1983: 84 and of making use of various feedback sources as they write Hyland, 2002: 89. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 9

2.1.1.2 Writing Product ve rsus Writing Process Approaches