Critical Approach Review of Related Theories

3. Critical Approach

Kennedy and Gioia state that there are some approaches that can be used in analyzing literary work. The first approach is the formalist criticism. In this approach, literature is a form of human knowledge that is observed by its own terms. The literary work can be understood by its intrinsic literary features, which is found in the text. It focuses on the words of the text, the style, the structure, imagery, tone, and genre. The second approach is the biographical criticism. This approach regards that an author‟s life can make readers more comprehend the work. When readers read the biography of a writer, they can see how much the writer‟s experience influences hisher work. The third approach is the historical criticism. This approach investigates social, cultural, and intellectual context to understand the literary work. The fourth approach is the psychological criticism. This approach examines the creative process of the artist, understand s subject‟s motivation and behavior of the particular artist through psychological study, and analyzes the fictional character. The fifth approach is the Methodological criticism. This approach combines of anthropology, psychology, history and comparative religion. The sixth approach is the sociological criticism. This approach reveals the relationship between the artist and society. The profession of the writer used to affect what was he writes. The seventh approach is the gender criticism. It explains how sexual identity influences the creation and reception of literary works. The eighth approach is the reader- response criticism. This approach is used to describe what happens in the reader‟s minds while interpreting the text. The ninth approach is deconstructionist criticism. It develops literary text, which is made up of words, have no fixed, single meaning, reject that language can represent reality Kennedy and Gioia 1932-1968. Dealing with the study, the psychology approach is used in order to understand the character‟s motivation and behavior.

4. Parental Role