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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into six sections, namely: the research method, research setting, research subjects, instruments and data gathering technique, data
analysis technique, and research procedure. Each section is described to give a clear picture or description about how this research is conducted.
A. Research Method
This study is basically qualitative research. Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 2002, p. 22 claim that this kind of research “focuses on understanding social
phenomena from the perspective of human participants in the study.” Ary et al. 2002, p. 22 also say that the data are collected in natural settings and it aims at
generating theory rather than testing theory. The goal of qualitative research is “a holistic picture and depth of understanding, rather than a numeric analysis of data”
Ary et al., 2002, p. 24. Therefore, it usually uses a narrative description and doesn’t use statistical analysis of numeric data.
In this study, the writer employs content or document analysis as the research method. Content analysis is defined as “a technique that enables writers
to study human behavior in an indirect way, through an analysis of their communications” Fraenkel Wallen, 2008, p. 472.
The types of communications that can be used in this method are textbooks, essays,
newspapers, novels, magazine articles, cookbooks, songs, political speeches,
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advertisements, pictures, and other documents Fraenkel Wallen, 2008, p. 472. Meanwhile, the kinds of communications used in this research are the video and
the play performance script of The Good Woman of Setzuan. This research method is used because it is the best and the most
appropriate one since the researcher uses a certain type of document, which is the play performance video. Moreover, this content analysis method is also
beneficially employed. As noted by Fraenkel Wallen 2008, content analysis is unobstrusive since the presence of the writer does not influence the data which is
analyzed p. 483.
B. Research Setting
The writer uses the video of the play performance titled The Good Woman of Setzuan. The play performance itself was conducted on November 30th, 2010
and it was recorded by the multimedia team. The setting of the play performance is in Sanata Dharma University, which is located at Jl. Gejayan, Mrican, Tromol
Pos 29, Yogyakarta. The data collection itself starts in the middle of even semester, which is on March 2012.
C. Research Subjects
The subjects of this research are the students of English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. All of the
students are the 5
th
semester students in 2010. They have experienced teaching and learning process using English at many classes in the university. They all
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study English and their major scope is English education, so they are expected to be English teachers after they graduate.
The total number of the students in the play performance class is 47. However, not all of them performed in the play, since there were some students
who participated in the backstage jobs. So, there are 29 players in the play performance itself. The writer takes the whole performers of the play performance
as the participants of this research.
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
The instrument used to elicit data in this study is an observation table. The table consists of some columns. The first column is the numbering. The second
one is the list of words. The third column is the transcription of the students’ word stress production. The fourth column is the correct stress based on the dictionary.
The last one is frequency of occurrences. This table was used by the writer when she gathered the data. The form of the table used is as follows:
Table 3.1 Observation of Word Stress Error
No. Words List
Transcription of the Students’
Word Stress Correct Stress
Based on Dictionary
Frequency of Occurrences
To gather the data, the writer listened carefully to how the students stressed the words in the dialogue when doing the play performance. The script of the play
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