Sistem kedokteran Islam: studi konsep kesehatan Ibn Sina

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‫ﺍﳌﻠﺨ ﺺ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻫﺮﺍﻭﺍﰐ ﳏﻤﻮﺩﻳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡﺍﻟﻄ ﺐﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻷﻃﺮﻭﺣﺔ – ﰲ ﲝﻮﺛﻬﺎﺗﺴﻠ ﻚﻣﻨﻬﺞ )ﲢﻠﻴﻞﺍﶈﺘﻮﻯ( ﻭﺗﻘﻮﱘﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﻭﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎ ﺏ )‬
‫ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻄ ﺐ( ﻻﺑﻦ ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫―ﻭﲣﺮﺝﺑﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔﺑﺄﻥﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺯﺍ ﺕ * &‬

‫)‬

‫ﺍﺯﻥﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻮ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻟ ﻚﺍ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺣﺪﻭ ﺙﺃﻱﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﰲﺫ‬
‫ﻳﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻟ ﺼﺤﺔﺍ‬
‫ﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺯ‪‬ﺎﻳﺆ‬
‫ﺋﻞﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ ﺚﺇﻥﺗﻮ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺳﻮ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻴﺎﺑﺴﺒ ﺐﺍﳌﺮ ﺽﺍ‬
‫ﻳ ﺾ ﺟﺴﻤ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻰﺍﳌﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻼﺝﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺔﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻟ ﻚ‪،‬ﻗﺪﻡﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺬ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺤﺔﺍ‬
‫ﺘﻼﻝﺍ‬
‫ﺇﱃﺍﺧ‬
‫ﻧﻪ ﺷﺨ ﺺ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺎﻥﺑﺄ‬
‫ﻨﻈﺮﺇﱃﺍﻹ‬
‫ﻟﱵﺗ‬
‫ﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻼﺝﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻼﺝﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰﺍ‬
‫ﻟ ﻚﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺴﻢ( ‪ .‬ﻭﺫ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﺳﻮﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫)‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺍ ﺿﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻨﻬﺞﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞﺃﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻫﺬ‬
‫ﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻼﺍ‬
‫ﺘﻮ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻴﻖﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﲢﻘ‬
‫ﻟﺮﻭﺣ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﻨﺎﺻﺮﺍﳉﺴﻤ‬
‫ﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻮﻥﻣﻦﺍ‬
‫ﻴ ﺚﻳ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻥ ﰲﺗﻠ ﻚﺍﻷﺧﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺘﻮ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺬﻭ‬
‫ﻟﺬﻱﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩﺍﳌ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻼﺝﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺰﻣﻦﺍ‬
‫ﺘﺮﻛ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻊﺍ‬
‫ﺍ ﺽ ‪ .‬ﻫﺬ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻔﺎﺀﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺟﺴﻢﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥﻭﺍﻟﱵﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻷﺧﺮ!‬
‫ﻟﱵﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺔﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﻭ‬
‫ﻴﲑﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻥﺍﻷﺧﻼﻃﻲ ﻫﻲﺗﻐ‬
‫ﺘﻮ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔﻟﻌﻼﺝﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺔﺍﳌﺴ‬
‫ﻟﻄﺮ‬
‫ﻧ ﺖﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻬﺎﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺜﺔ‪،‬ﻣ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺤﺔﺍﳊﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻘﺎﲟﻔﻬﻮﻡﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻼﺝﻣﻮ‬
‫ﻨﻈﻢ ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥﺍ‬
‫ﻴ ﺐ ﻭﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻮﻯ ﻃ‬
‫ﻟﺸﺮ ﺏ ﻋﻠﻰﻣﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﻨﻮﻡ ﻭ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺎﺅﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺜﻞﺍ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻜﻠ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓﺍ‬

‫"‬

‫*‬

‫&‬

‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻠﻮﻛ‬
‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﻳﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫(‪،‬ﻭ‬

‫*‬

‫&;‬

‫ﺎﻓﺔﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺎﻹﺿ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫)‪.‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺜﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍ ﺕﺍﳊﺪ‬
‫ﺎﺍﳌﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻨﻬ‬
‫ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‬
‫ﻴﻬ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺓﻓ‬
‫ﺎ ﺕﺍﳉﺪ‬
‫ﺎﻓ‬
‫ﺘﺸ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻛ‬
‫ﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻌ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺔ ﻛﱪﻯ ﰲﺗﻄﻮ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻪﺃﳘ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺳ‬
‫ﻟﺬﻱﻗﺪﻣﻪﺍ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻼﺝﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟ ﻚ‪،‬ﻓ‬
‫ﺫ‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺔﺍﳌﺨﻔﻀﺔﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁﻧﻔﺴ‬
‫ﺜﻞﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲ‪،‬ﻣ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻴ ﺺ ﻭﻋﻼﺝﺍﳌﺮ ﺽﺍ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺨ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪﻡﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺴ‬

‫*‬

‫;‬

‫‪&#‬‬

‫&&‬

‫&)‬

‫ﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺒﲑﺓ ﰲﺗﻘﺪﻡﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻛ‬
‫ﺎﳘ‬
‫ﻟﻄ ﺐﻭﻣﺴ‬
‫ﻴﺴﻲ ﰲﺍ‬
‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎﺩﻭﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺎﳍ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺳ‬
‫ﻴﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻳﺔ ﻃ‬
‫ﻧ ﺖﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻛ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫‪.‬ﻭﻣﻦﻫ‬

‫ﻳ ﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻄ ﺐﺍﳊﺪ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺣﺴ ﲔﻧ ﺼﺮﺑﺄﻥﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﻮﺃﻭﻝﻣﻦﻟﻪ ﺧﱪﺓ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺎﺍ‬
‫ﻟﱵﺃﺟﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺒﺤﻮ ﺙﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻌ ﻀﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩﺍ‬
‫ﻟﱵﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺒﺤﻮ ﺙ ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺔ ﺍ‬
‫ﻳ ﻀﺎﺗﺆﻛﺪﻧﺘ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ" ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺬﻱﻳﺴﻤﻰﺑ ـ"‬
‫ﻟﻌﻼﺝﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻄ ﺐ ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﰲﺍ‬
‫ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ )‬
‫ﻟﻌﻼﺝﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﺚﻣﻦﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﻳﺜﺮﻱﺍ‬
‫ﻟ ﺼﺤﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦﺃ ﲪﺪ ﺑﺄﻥﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺔ )‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋ‬
‫ﻟﱵﺗﺴ‬
‫ﻴﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻘﻠﺒ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺒ ﻀﺎ ﺕﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‬

‫&&‬

‫(‬

‫ﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻼﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻴﺔﺍ‬
‫( ﻭﻛﻴﻔ‬

‫ﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻨﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜ‬
‫ﺍ ﺕﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰﺇﳚﺎﺩﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪،‬ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ )‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﻔ ﻀﺔﻟﻠ ﻀﻐﻮ ﻁﺍ‬

‫& )!‬

‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺔ ﰲﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﰲﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲﺍﻷﻥ‪ ،‬ﳍﺎﺃﺳﺒﺎ ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪‬ﻤﻴ ﺶﺍﻟﻄ ﺐﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﱄ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﻠﻲﺃﻭﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞﺍﻟﺮﺃ ﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﻡﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﰲﻧﻈﺎﻡﺍﻟﻄ ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﻋﻨﺪﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡﺍﻟﻐﺰ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻧ ﺐﺍﻟﺪ‬

‫‪ix‬‬

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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... xiii
ABSTRAK.. .......................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI..................................................................................... ..................... xi
DAFTAR SINGKATAN......................................................... ............................ xiv

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ...................................................................... 1
B. Permasalahan ..................................................................................... 14
C. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................... 15
D. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................. 16
E. Tinjauan Pustaka ................................................................................ 16
F. Sumber dan Metode Penelitian .......................................................... 21
G. Sistematika Pembahasan ................................................................... 28

BAB II BANGUNAN KEDOKTERAN PRA IBN SIna>..........................45
a. Pengetahuan Medis Masa Pra Islam..............................45
b. Sumber Pengetahuan Medis dan Para Dokter Arab
Pra Ibn Si>na………………….…………………….…47
2. Bangunan Kedokteran Islam: Pengertian, Klasifikasi,
Fisiologi,Kerangka Filosofis, dan Paradigma.................................55
3. Filosof Muslim yang Berpengaruh terhadap
Filsafat Kedokteran Ibn Si>na........................................................82
4. Lembaga Pendidikan Medis dan Rumah Sakit Pertama di Dunia
Islam yang Berperan terhadap Intelektualitas Ibn Si>na................94

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