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· Field notes · Documentary evidences
· Researcher diary
2. Data Collecting Technique
a. Test
Pretest and posttest are used to find out the students’ achievement in writing before and after the teaching of writing using e-mail. The purpose
of the test is to see whether or not the students’ achievement in speaking improves.
b. Interview The interview is used to get information from the students and the
collaborator. The information covers their idea about the use of e-mail, the strengths and weaknesses of the e-mail. The interview also covers their
personal perception, experiences, opinion and ideas related to the action research.
c. Observation The observation is done to cover the process of implementation of e-mail
in the teaching of writing. The observation notices the classroom activities of the students and researcher who becomes the teacher in the teaching
learning process. The researcher also asks the collaborator to observe and make notes about the learning and teaching process. The function of the
collaborator here is to observe, evaluate, and offer suggestions.
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The documents in the research are the sheets of observation, lesson plans, and list of students’ scores in writing task.
e. Questionnaire The questionnaire is carried out to get information from the students about
their idea about the use of e-mail in the teaching learning process of writing, to know the strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of e-
mail. f. Researcher diary.
Hughes 2000: 1 states that a researcher diary is a record of the researchers involvement in a project. The researcher diary contains
information about the researcher, what the researcher does, and the process of research. It complements the data yielded by the research methodology.
The main reasons for keeping the researcher’s diary are: 1 to generate a history of the project, the researcher’s thinking and the research process;
2 to provide material for reflection; 3 to provide data on the research process; and 4 to record the development of the research skill.
D. Data Analyzing Techniques
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