view, asking something they do not understand, and react to other students’ opinion positively. Moreover, cooperative learning allows students to interact with one
another to achieve learning objectives. Kagan 2009 explains that cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of
different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of language.
2.4.1 The Characteristics of Cooperative Learning
Orlichet al 1998:277 mentioned five characteristics of cooperative learning which have an impact in language classroom. They are: positive interdependence,
face-to-face interaction, individual accountability, development of social skills, and group evaluation. The following is the details of those characters:
a. Positive Interdependence
Cooperative learning emphasizes cooperation among the learners. There will be not only one student in a group who will give contribution, but also another
member. Success or failure is dependent on how individual works in the same group.
b. Face-to-face Interaction
All members of the group are expected to help each other to be prepared for group discussion or quiz. In order to achieve cooperative learning objectives, teachers
also need to arrange how much members are needed in one group. Number of members wil
l decide how well of members’ participation based on their multiple ideas and the roles of each members. The small numbers should help group to interact
easily.
c. Individual Accountability
Each member has their own role in a group, it also means one student has different responsibility from other member. Cooperative learning will give chance for
students to develop themselves through group activities.
d. Development of Social Skills
To achieve the goal in cooperative learning both intelligence and social skill are needed. Students with good intelligence are not enough to succeed in cooperative
learning. Effective communication, understanding appreciation of others, decision making, problem solving, conflict resolution, and compromise are needed to learn in
how to cooperate with other members as a team, assuming that cooperation is needed in cooperative learning.
e. Group Evaluation
Groups of students should be able to evaluate their project, goal, and discussion progress. They can evaluate their progress during class discussion by
communicate with other group.
2.4.2 The Advantages of Cooperative Learning
