A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF ADDRESS TERMS OF LASKAR PELANGI IN THE RAINBOW TROOPS.
A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF ADDRESS TERMS OF
LASKAR PELANGI IN THE RAINBOW TROOPS
A Thesis
Submitted to the Englis Applied Linguistics Study Program
in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Magister Humaniora
By :
EVIN WISNA R. HUTASOIT
Registration Number: 8146111018
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2017
ABSTRACT
Hutasoit, Evin Wisna. Registration Number: 8146111018. A Translation Analysis
Of Address Terms Of Laskar Pelangi In The Rainbow Troops. Thesis.
English Applied Linguistics Program, Postgraduate School, State University of
Medan. 2017.
Translating address terms which is considered one of important elements in
language requires the translator to make the translation acceptable to the target
readers. Thus, this research aims at revealing the types of address terms mostly
used through the techniques used as well as revealing the degree of meaning
equivalence of such translation of the address terms. This research uses a
descriptive qualitative research. The data are the expression units representing
address terms in the Laskar Pelangi as the first data source and their translated
expressions in the The Rainbow Troops as the second data source. The data were
collected by observation. The main instruments of this research were the
researcher and the data sheets. The data sheets consist of the data, the point of
view, the types of the address terms, the translation techniques and the degree of
meaning equivalence. Moreover, the results were discussed with the consultants.
The results of this research show that there are four types of address terms found
namely pronoun, kinship, title and name. Moreover, title is the most dominant
type. Through, there are 13 of 18 techniques proposed by Molina and Albir to
translate the address terms.
i
ABSTRAK
Hutasoit, Evin Wisna. Registration Number: 8146111018. A Translation Analysis
Of Address Terms Of Laskar Pelangi In The Rainbow Troops. Thesis.
Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Program Pasca Sarjana, State Universitas
Negeri Medan. 2017.
Menerjemahkan istilah alamat yang dianggap salah satu elemen penting dalam
bahasa memerlukan penerjemah untuk membuat terjemahan diterima oleh target
pembaca. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan jenis
istilah sapaan sebagian besar digunakan melalui teknik yang digunakan serta
mengungkapkan derajat yang berarti kesetaraan terjemahan seperti istilah sapaan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data adalah unit
ekspresi mewakili istilah sapaan di Laskar Pelangi sebagai sumber data pertama
dan ekspresi mereka diterjemahkan dalam Pasukan The Rainbow sebagai sumber
data kedua. Data dikumpulkan oleh observating. Instrumen utama dari penelitian
ini adalah peneliti dan lembar data. Lembar data terdiri dari data, sudut pandang,
jenis persyaratan sapaan, teknik penerjemahan dan derajat berarti kesetaraan.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada empat jenis persyaratan sapaan
ditemukan yaitu ganti, kekerabatan, judul dan nama. Selain itu, judul adalah jenis
yang paling dominan. Melalui, ada 11 dari 18 teknik yang diusulkan oleh Molina
dan Albir digunakan untuk menerjemahkan istilah alamat.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Almighty God, the most Gracious and the most Merciful, first
of all, the writer would like to thank God for His blessing in the completion of this
Thesis.
In the completion of this Thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge his
deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to his
by a lot of people.
The highest appreciation goes to her two advisors, Dr. I Wayan Dirgeyasa,
M.Hum as her first advisor and Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed, TESP. as her second advisor
for their all guidance through the completion of this Thesis.
Then, his appreciation also goes to Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. as the Head
of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan,
M.Hum. as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who have
assisted her in processing the administration requirements during the process of her
studies in the postgraduate School of the State University of Medan.
The writer’s great thank also goes to his reviewers and examiners, Prof.
Amrin Saragih, M.A.,Ph.D.,. Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed and Dr. Anni Holila
Pulungan, M.Hum. They had given valuable inputs, suggestions, criticisms, and
improvements for this thesis. She also would like to express her thankfulness for all
lecturers teaching her during the academic years of LTBI.
Finally, her special gratitude is dedicated to her beloved parents Mangasi
Hutasoit and Adimawan Naibaho, S.Pd who has given her pray, motivation, support,
iii
and also endless praying. And also special thank for her sister Eki Rosalina Hutasoit
and her brother, David Sanjoi Hutasoit and the whole families who always support
her and no suitable word that can fully describe their everlasting love and express
how much she loves them.
Then her gratitude goes to her best friends Lia Agustina Damanik, Novra
Melisa Hutabarat, Rina Kesya Silaban, Anisa Sri Mentari, Noni Indani, Juliana
Siburian who has motivated and supported her to conduct this Thesis. Then, last but
not least, her gratitude goes to her friends of LTBI A2 XXIV who have supported her
to conduct this Thesis.
Medan,
The Writer,
2017
Evin Wisna R. Hutasoit
Reg. No. 8146111018
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
i
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...............................................................................
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
v
LIST OF TABLE .............................................................................................
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................
1
1.1 The Background of the Study ...............................................
1
1.2 Problem of Study .................................................................
5
1.3 The Objectives of the Study..................................................
5
1.4 The Scope of the Study .........................................................
5
1.5 The Significances of the Study .............................................
6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ..............................................
7
A. Theoretical Framework ........................................................................
7
2.1 Definition of Translation ......................................................
7
2.2 Translation Novel .................................................................
10
2.3 Novel .....................................................................................
10
2.4 Process of Translation ...........................................................
11
2.4.1
Analysis of Source Language Text ............
11
2.4.2
The Transference of Message ....................
12
v
2.4.3
Restriction ..................................................
12
2.5 Translation Techniques .........................................................
12
2.6 Address Terms ......................................................................
20
2.7 Meaning Equivalence ...........................................................
22
B. Relevant Studies ...................................................................................
24
C. Conceptual Framework ..............................................................................
30
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ......................................................
33
3.1 Research Method ..................................................................
33
3.2 Data and the Source of Data .................................................
33
3.3 Technique of Data Collection ...............................................
34
3.4 The Trustworthiness of the Study .......................................
34
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ..................................................
37
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ...... .. 39
4.1 Data Analysis ........................................................................
39
4.2 Research Findings .................................................................
60
4.3 Discussions............................................................................
60
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS............................
64
5.1 Conclusions ...........................................................................
64
5.2 Suggestions ...........................................................................
65
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................
67
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 4.1 Table 4.1. Instance of Address Terms in Laskar Pelangi Novel ..... 40
Table 4.2 Types of translation strategies ......................................................... 41
Table 4.3. Types of Translation Strategies ....................................................... 42
Table 4.4 The Frequency and the Percentage of the Types of Address
Terms ............................................................................................... 44
Table 4.5. The Frequency and the Percentage of the Translation
Techniques ....................................................................................... 45
Table 4.6. The Frequency and the Percentage of the Degree of Meaning
Equivalence ..................................................................................... 46
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix 1 The Categories Of Address Terms Of Laskar Pelangi
In The Rainbow Troops ....................................................... 70
Appendix 2
The Categories Of Meaning Equivalent Of Laskar Pelangi In The
Rainbow Troops ................................................................. 78
Appendix 3 The Categories Of Translation Techniques In Laskar Pelangi In The
Rainbow Troops .................................................................. 89
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
In globalization era, translation is very useful and needed by human. By
translation, communication between human beings in various parts of the world
can be done effectively. Science and Technology which is evolving from many
countries may be accessed easily. Transfer of science, culture, and other social
activities mostly is done through translation. In other words, translation is an
access to the innovation of science, technology, art and culture in order to a media
centre of the perspective of global communication. As a result, translator is a very
lucrative profession as payment for translation service is quite expensive.
However, in process of translating, the translator may find some difficulties in
translating the source text into the target text especially literacy texts, such as
translating a novel. It can happen because the languages where the both texts were
written are in different languages and cultures.
(Newmark 1988) even said that translation is a means of communication.
And as a means of communication, translation is used for multilingual notices; for
instructions issued by exporting companies; for tourist publicity; for official
documents, such as treaties and contracts; for reports, papers, articles, and
correspondence, textbooks to convey information, advice and recommendations
for every branch of knowledge (Newmark, 1998). Other uses of translation are
first, translation has been instrumental in transmitting culture, sometimes under
unequal conditions responsible for distorted and biased translations, ever since
1
2
countries and languages have been in contact with each other. Then, as a
technique for learning foreign languages, translation is a two-edged instrument: it
has the special purpose of demonstrating the learner’s knowledge of the foreign
language, either as a form of control or to exercise his intelligence in order to
develop his competence. This is its strong point in foreign-language classes,
which has to be sharply distinguished from its normal use in transferring
meanings and conveying messages (Newmark, 1988).
Through translation, people are facilitated to get and learn many aspects
from other countries. As happening in Indonesia, there are many novels translated
into English and vice versa. In accordance with that, translators need not only high
level of knowledge, but also other aspects, such as culture, belief, and ideology. In
fact, Indonesian novels usually consist of some vernaculars and cultural terms that
some target readers may not understand, pronouns, kinships, titles and names are
also wider than English’s. Unquestionably, the way to address a person which is
also different contributes another problem to the translators in keeping the
translation readable and acceptable. Therefore, they should consider many
differences between cultures and style of the two languages, not only simply to
transform the language, but also to communicate the source text to the target
readers clearly.
The purpose of translation is to reproduce various kinds of texts including
religious, literary, scientific, and philosophical texts in another language and thus
making them available to wider readers (Ordudari in Zainurrahman, 2009).
Throughout any kind of literary texts, novel is one of popular reading for people
and is one of writing that is often translated. Because of there are so many effort
3
in translation, we can read the novels from over the world. There are some
benefits in reading novels from other country, among other things, to understand
the culture of the society, to expand our knowledge, to study their literary works,
and etc. Watson (2013) says, “Reading novels is an excellent way of getting to
know something about a country when one is newly arrived, doesn’t know much
about it, and is going to be spending some time there.”
In fact, Indonesian novels usually consist of some vernaculars and cultural
terms that some target readers may not understand. Besides, Indonesia’s
pronouns, kinships, titles and names are also wider than English’s.
Unquestionably, the way to address a person which is also different contributes
another problem to the translators in keeping the translation readable and
acceptable. Hence, it is interesting to indentify the translation of address terms in
the dialogues from Bahasa Indonesia into English novel. In translating a novel,
translators are required to make their translation acceptable for the target readers.
Therefore, they should consider many differences between cultures and style of
the two languages, not only simply to transform the language, but also to
communicate the source text to the target readers clearly.
Laskar Pelangi is the first book written by Andrea Hirata. It is translated
into The Rainbow Troops by Angie Kilbane in order to give understanding about
the vernaculars and various cultural terms in Indonesia to other foreign readers.
Observing the fact, there are vernaculars and various cultural terms found in
Laskar Pelangi. Thus, numerous problems emerge in translating Laskar Pelangi
into The Rainbow Troops namely address terms. Address terms emerge as a
problem in translating Laskar Pelangi into The Rainbow Troops. Due to the fact
4
that Laskar Pelangi contains some vernacular languages, it reflects the way the
figures address someone else. The first point is the types of address terms which
are mostly used in Laskar Pelangi and its English version, The Rainbow Troops.
For example, the word Shaman which is also translated into Shaman is
categorized into title which shows a person’s rank. The second problem is the
translation techniques employed in the translation of the address terms. For
instance, the word Pamanda which means Teacher(man). It is translated into
Pamanda by employing borrowing technique. The translation of Pamanda is
borrowed straight from the source text without any changes. Therefore, the prior
focus contributes to the third point, which is the degree of meaning equivalence of
the translation of the address terms in The Rainbow Troops. For example, the
word Pak cik is translated into son. Pak cik is a Malay language which is used to
address an uncle. Thus, the translation of uncle is categorized into fully equivalent
translation.
The way they address someone also shows respect, social level and title in
the society which impact the social culture condition. This is problematic since the
way Indonesians address someone is different from the way the target readers
address someone.
Based on the emerging problems above, it is significant to conduct a
research of a translation analysis of address terms is Laskar Pelangi found in the
translated version entitled The Rainbow Troops.
5
1.2 Problem of the Study
Based on the background and focus of the research, the problems in this research
can be formulated in the following questions:
1. What types of address terms are used in Laskar Pelangi in The Rainbow
Troops?
2. What techniques are used to translate the address terms in The Rainbow
Troops?
3. How is the degree of meaning equivalence of the translation of the address
terms in The Rainbow Troops like?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1. To describe of address terms are used in Laskar Pelangi in The Rainbow
Troops.
2. To describe translation techniques are used to translate the address terms
in The Rainbow Troops.
3. To describe the degree of meaning equivalence of the translation of the
address terms in The Rainbow Troops like.
1.4 Scope of the Study
Scope of the research is needed to give a focus to this research. This study
is focused on the analyzing address terms from the novel in Laskar Pelangi in the
Rainbow Troops by Andrea Hirata.
6
1.5 Significances of the study
The finding of the study is expected to be relevant and significant
theoretically and practically.
1. Theoretical Significance
Theoretically, the use of finding is described as follow:
The study can enrich the knowledge about the address terms in
translation.
2. Practical Significances
Practically, the usefulness of findings is the described as the following:
1) By knowing the address terms, it is expected the translator will
find the right way in translating address terms in Indonesian novel
into English and for informing the translator for other social fields
which have relationship which linguistics about the role of
translation in a novel.
2) This study could be reference for the next researches in analyzing
Indonesian translation of literally works especially which is
derived from English work.
3) This study can contribute information and insight to applied
linguistic practitioners, translator and students of translation
courses and any other readers who are interested in studying
translation courses and any others readers who are interested in
studying translation especially in address terms.
.
References
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Bogdan, Robert C. and Taylor, Steven J. (1975). Introduction to Qualitative
Research Methods: A Phenomenological Approach to the Social Science.
New York: A Wiley-International Publication.
Bogdan, R.C., & Biklen, S.K. (1982). Qualitative Research for Education: An
introduction to theory and methods (Third Edition). Boston: Allyn and
Bacon
Catford, J. C. (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation, London: Oxford
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Denzin, N. 1970, The Research Act in Sociology, Chicago: Aldine.
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Hamidi, (2010). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Malang: UMM Press.
Hatim, B and Munday (2004).Translation and Advance Resourced Book. New
York.
Hirata, Andrea (2008). LaskarPelangi. Yogyakarta :Bentang.
Holloway,l., Wheeler, S. (2002) Qualitative Research in Nursing (2nd ed.),
Oxford: Blackwell.
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Landers, Clifford E. (2001) Literary Translation: A practical Guide, New Jersey
University Press: Multilingual Maters.
Larson, Mildred L. (1984) Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to CrossLanguage Equivalence. Lanham and New York: University Press of
America.
Linclon, Y.S.,&Guba, E.G (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry, California : Sage.
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Miles, M.B., &Huberman, A.M (2014).Qualitative Data Analysis.Califormnia:
Sage.
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(1999).
PustakaPelajar.
TeoriMenerjemahBahasaInggris.
Yogyakarta:
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Newmark, Peter (1989). Introductory Survey In C. Picken. (Ed.), The Translator’s
Handbook. London: Aslib.
Nida, E. (1964). Toward a science of translating, E.J. Brill, Leiden.
Nida, Eugene A, and Charles, R. Taber.The Theory and Practice of
Translation.Leiden:E.J.Brill. 1974.
Nila, Candra. (2014). A Translation Analysis of Address Terms of Negri 5 Menari
in the Land of Five Tower.
Sarwono, J. (2006). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. Yogyakarta:
Graha Ina.
Subroto, E. (2007). Pengantar Metode Penelitian Linguistik Struktural. Surakarta
Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Sudaryanto.(1992).Metode Linguistic.Yogyakarta. Gajah Mada University Press
Tomalin, B. & Stempleski. (1993). Cultural Awareness. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Weber, R. P. (1990). Basic Content Analysis, 2nd ed. Newbury Park, CA.
Widyamartaya, A. (1989). SeniMenerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Zhou, Z. (2003). English-Chinese Comparison and Transformation in Translation.
Shanghai: East China Science and Technology University Press.
Journals:
Hodges, P. July (2011). A Snapshot of Literary Translation and its Practitioners.
Retrieved
from
http://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article2332.php
(December 2015)
House, J (2001) Translation Quality Assessment: Linguistic Description versus
Social
Evaluation.
Retrieved
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https://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/2001/v46/n2/003141ar.pdf (December
2015)
Mahmoud Ordudari (2010) Translation procedures, strategies and methods
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Indonesia DVD Film The Simpsons Movie.Retrieved from
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htttp://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/.../IIn%20Utama%20Jayanti-%2.(Desember
2015)
LASKAR PELANGI IN THE RAINBOW TROOPS
A Thesis
Submitted to the Englis Applied Linguistics Study Program
in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Magister Humaniora
By :
EVIN WISNA R. HUTASOIT
Registration Number: 8146111018
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2017
ABSTRACT
Hutasoit, Evin Wisna. Registration Number: 8146111018. A Translation Analysis
Of Address Terms Of Laskar Pelangi In The Rainbow Troops. Thesis.
English Applied Linguistics Program, Postgraduate School, State University of
Medan. 2017.
Translating address terms which is considered one of important elements in
language requires the translator to make the translation acceptable to the target
readers. Thus, this research aims at revealing the types of address terms mostly
used through the techniques used as well as revealing the degree of meaning
equivalence of such translation of the address terms. This research uses a
descriptive qualitative research. The data are the expression units representing
address terms in the Laskar Pelangi as the first data source and their translated
expressions in the The Rainbow Troops as the second data source. The data were
collected by observation. The main instruments of this research were the
researcher and the data sheets. The data sheets consist of the data, the point of
view, the types of the address terms, the translation techniques and the degree of
meaning equivalence. Moreover, the results were discussed with the consultants.
The results of this research show that there are four types of address terms found
namely pronoun, kinship, title and name. Moreover, title is the most dominant
type. Through, there are 13 of 18 techniques proposed by Molina and Albir to
translate the address terms.
i
ABSTRAK
Hutasoit, Evin Wisna. Registration Number: 8146111018. A Translation Analysis
Of Address Terms Of Laskar Pelangi In The Rainbow Troops. Thesis.
Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Program Pasca Sarjana, State Universitas
Negeri Medan. 2017.
Menerjemahkan istilah alamat yang dianggap salah satu elemen penting dalam
bahasa memerlukan penerjemah untuk membuat terjemahan diterima oleh target
pembaca. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan jenis
istilah sapaan sebagian besar digunakan melalui teknik yang digunakan serta
mengungkapkan derajat yang berarti kesetaraan terjemahan seperti istilah sapaan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data adalah unit
ekspresi mewakili istilah sapaan di Laskar Pelangi sebagai sumber data pertama
dan ekspresi mereka diterjemahkan dalam Pasukan The Rainbow sebagai sumber
data kedua. Data dikumpulkan oleh observating. Instrumen utama dari penelitian
ini adalah peneliti dan lembar data. Lembar data terdiri dari data, sudut pandang,
jenis persyaratan sapaan, teknik penerjemahan dan derajat berarti kesetaraan.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada empat jenis persyaratan sapaan
ditemukan yaitu ganti, kekerabatan, judul dan nama. Selain itu, judul adalah jenis
yang paling dominan. Melalui, ada 11 dari 18 teknik yang diusulkan oleh Molina
dan Albir digunakan untuk menerjemahkan istilah alamat.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Almighty God, the most Gracious and the most Merciful, first
of all, the writer would like to thank God for His blessing in the completion of this
Thesis.
In the completion of this Thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge his
deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to his
by a lot of people.
The highest appreciation goes to her two advisors, Dr. I Wayan Dirgeyasa,
M.Hum as her first advisor and Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed, TESP. as her second advisor
for their all guidance through the completion of this Thesis.
Then, his appreciation also goes to Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. as the Head
of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan,
M.Hum. as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who have
assisted her in processing the administration requirements during the process of her
studies in the postgraduate School of the State University of Medan.
The writer’s great thank also goes to his reviewers and examiners, Prof.
Amrin Saragih, M.A.,Ph.D.,. Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed and Dr. Anni Holila
Pulungan, M.Hum. They had given valuable inputs, suggestions, criticisms, and
improvements for this thesis. She also would like to express her thankfulness for all
lecturers teaching her during the academic years of LTBI.
Finally, her special gratitude is dedicated to her beloved parents Mangasi
Hutasoit and Adimawan Naibaho, S.Pd who has given her pray, motivation, support,
iii
and also endless praying. And also special thank for her sister Eki Rosalina Hutasoit
and her brother, David Sanjoi Hutasoit and the whole families who always support
her and no suitable word that can fully describe their everlasting love and express
how much she loves them.
Then her gratitude goes to her best friends Lia Agustina Damanik, Novra
Melisa Hutabarat, Rina Kesya Silaban, Anisa Sri Mentari, Noni Indani, Juliana
Siburian who has motivated and supported her to conduct this Thesis. Then, last but
not least, her gratitude goes to her friends of LTBI A2 XXIV who have supported her
to conduct this Thesis.
Medan,
The Writer,
2017
Evin Wisna R. Hutasoit
Reg. No. 8146111018
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
i
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...............................................................................
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
v
LIST OF TABLE .............................................................................................
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................
1
1.1 The Background of the Study ...............................................
1
1.2 Problem of Study .................................................................
5
1.3 The Objectives of the Study..................................................
5
1.4 The Scope of the Study .........................................................
5
1.5 The Significances of the Study .............................................
6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ..............................................
7
A. Theoretical Framework ........................................................................
7
2.1 Definition of Translation ......................................................
7
2.2 Translation Novel .................................................................
10
2.3 Novel .....................................................................................
10
2.4 Process of Translation ...........................................................
11
2.4.1
Analysis of Source Language Text ............
11
2.4.2
The Transference of Message ....................
12
v
2.4.3
Restriction ..................................................
12
2.5 Translation Techniques .........................................................
12
2.6 Address Terms ......................................................................
20
2.7 Meaning Equivalence ...........................................................
22
B. Relevant Studies ...................................................................................
24
C. Conceptual Framework ..............................................................................
30
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ......................................................
33
3.1 Research Method ..................................................................
33
3.2 Data and the Source of Data .................................................
33
3.3 Technique of Data Collection ...............................................
34
3.4 The Trustworthiness of the Study .......................................
34
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ..................................................
37
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ...... .. 39
4.1 Data Analysis ........................................................................
39
4.2 Research Findings .................................................................
60
4.3 Discussions............................................................................
60
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS............................
64
5.1 Conclusions ...........................................................................
64
5.2 Suggestions ...........................................................................
65
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................
67
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 4.1 Table 4.1. Instance of Address Terms in Laskar Pelangi Novel ..... 40
Table 4.2 Types of translation strategies ......................................................... 41
Table 4.3. Types of Translation Strategies ....................................................... 42
Table 4.4 The Frequency and the Percentage of the Types of Address
Terms ............................................................................................... 44
Table 4.5. The Frequency and the Percentage of the Translation
Techniques ....................................................................................... 45
Table 4.6. The Frequency and the Percentage of the Degree of Meaning
Equivalence ..................................................................................... 46
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix 1 The Categories Of Address Terms Of Laskar Pelangi
In The Rainbow Troops ....................................................... 70
Appendix 2
The Categories Of Meaning Equivalent Of Laskar Pelangi In The
Rainbow Troops ................................................................. 78
Appendix 3 The Categories Of Translation Techniques In Laskar Pelangi In The
Rainbow Troops .................................................................. 89
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
In globalization era, translation is very useful and needed by human. By
translation, communication between human beings in various parts of the world
can be done effectively. Science and Technology which is evolving from many
countries may be accessed easily. Transfer of science, culture, and other social
activities mostly is done through translation. In other words, translation is an
access to the innovation of science, technology, art and culture in order to a media
centre of the perspective of global communication. As a result, translator is a very
lucrative profession as payment for translation service is quite expensive.
However, in process of translating, the translator may find some difficulties in
translating the source text into the target text especially literacy texts, such as
translating a novel. It can happen because the languages where the both texts were
written are in different languages and cultures.
(Newmark 1988) even said that translation is a means of communication.
And as a means of communication, translation is used for multilingual notices; for
instructions issued by exporting companies; for tourist publicity; for official
documents, such as treaties and contracts; for reports, papers, articles, and
correspondence, textbooks to convey information, advice and recommendations
for every branch of knowledge (Newmark, 1998). Other uses of translation are
first, translation has been instrumental in transmitting culture, sometimes under
unequal conditions responsible for distorted and biased translations, ever since
1
2
countries and languages have been in contact with each other. Then, as a
technique for learning foreign languages, translation is a two-edged instrument: it
has the special purpose of demonstrating the learner’s knowledge of the foreign
language, either as a form of control or to exercise his intelligence in order to
develop his competence. This is its strong point in foreign-language classes,
which has to be sharply distinguished from its normal use in transferring
meanings and conveying messages (Newmark, 1988).
Through translation, people are facilitated to get and learn many aspects
from other countries. As happening in Indonesia, there are many novels translated
into English and vice versa. In accordance with that, translators need not only high
level of knowledge, but also other aspects, such as culture, belief, and ideology. In
fact, Indonesian novels usually consist of some vernaculars and cultural terms that
some target readers may not understand, pronouns, kinships, titles and names are
also wider than English’s. Unquestionably, the way to address a person which is
also different contributes another problem to the translators in keeping the
translation readable and acceptable. Therefore, they should consider many
differences between cultures and style of the two languages, not only simply to
transform the language, but also to communicate the source text to the target
readers clearly.
The purpose of translation is to reproduce various kinds of texts including
religious, literary, scientific, and philosophical texts in another language and thus
making them available to wider readers (Ordudari in Zainurrahman, 2009).
Throughout any kind of literary texts, novel is one of popular reading for people
and is one of writing that is often translated. Because of there are so many effort
3
in translation, we can read the novels from over the world. There are some
benefits in reading novels from other country, among other things, to understand
the culture of the society, to expand our knowledge, to study their literary works,
and etc. Watson (2013) says, “Reading novels is an excellent way of getting to
know something about a country when one is newly arrived, doesn’t know much
about it, and is going to be spending some time there.”
In fact, Indonesian novels usually consist of some vernaculars and cultural
terms that some target readers may not understand. Besides, Indonesia’s
pronouns, kinships, titles and names are also wider than English’s.
Unquestionably, the way to address a person which is also different contributes
another problem to the translators in keeping the translation readable and
acceptable. Hence, it is interesting to indentify the translation of address terms in
the dialogues from Bahasa Indonesia into English novel. In translating a novel,
translators are required to make their translation acceptable for the target readers.
Therefore, they should consider many differences between cultures and style of
the two languages, not only simply to transform the language, but also to
communicate the source text to the target readers clearly.
Laskar Pelangi is the first book written by Andrea Hirata. It is translated
into The Rainbow Troops by Angie Kilbane in order to give understanding about
the vernaculars and various cultural terms in Indonesia to other foreign readers.
Observing the fact, there are vernaculars and various cultural terms found in
Laskar Pelangi. Thus, numerous problems emerge in translating Laskar Pelangi
into The Rainbow Troops namely address terms. Address terms emerge as a
problem in translating Laskar Pelangi into The Rainbow Troops. Due to the fact
4
that Laskar Pelangi contains some vernacular languages, it reflects the way the
figures address someone else. The first point is the types of address terms which
are mostly used in Laskar Pelangi and its English version, The Rainbow Troops.
For example, the word Shaman which is also translated into Shaman is
categorized into title which shows a person’s rank. The second problem is the
translation techniques employed in the translation of the address terms. For
instance, the word Pamanda which means Teacher(man). It is translated into
Pamanda by employing borrowing technique. The translation of Pamanda is
borrowed straight from the source text without any changes. Therefore, the prior
focus contributes to the third point, which is the degree of meaning equivalence of
the translation of the address terms in The Rainbow Troops. For example, the
word Pak cik is translated into son. Pak cik is a Malay language which is used to
address an uncle. Thus, the translation of uncle is categorized into fully equivalent
translation.
The way they address someone also shows respect, social level and title in
the society which impact the social culture condition. This is problematic since the
way Indonesians address someone is different from the way the target readers
address someone.
Based on the emerging problems above, it is significant to conduct a
research of a translation analysis of address terms is Laskar Pelangi found in the
translated version entitled The Rainbow Troops.
5
1.2 Problem of the Study
Based on the background and focus of the research, the problems in this research
can be formulated in the following questions:
1. What types of address terms are used in Laskar Pelangi in The Rainbow
Troops?
2. What techniques are used to translate the address terms in The Rainbow
Troops?
3. How is the degree of meaning equivalence of the translation of the address
terms in The Rainbow Troops like?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1. To describe of address terms are used in Laskar Pelangi in The Rainbow
Troops.
2. To describe translation techniques are used to translate the address terms
in The Rainbow Troops.
3. To describe the degree of meaning equivalence of the translation of the
address terms in The Rainbow Troops like.
1.4 Scope of the Study
Scope of the research is needed to give a focus to this research. This study
is focused on the analyzing address terms from the novel in Laskar Pelangi in the
Rainbow Troops by Andrea Hirata.
6
1.5 Significances of the study
The finding of the study is expected to be relevant and significant
theoretically and practically.
1. Theoretical Significance
Theoretically, the use of finding is described as follow:
The study can enrich the knowledge about the address terms in
translation.
2. Practical Significances
Practically, the usefulness of findings is the described as the following:
1) By knowing the address terms, it is expected the translator will
find the right way in translating address terms in Indonesian novel
into English and for informing the translator for other social fields
which have relationship which linguistics about the role of
translation in a novel.
2) This study could be reference for the next researches in analyzing
Indonesian translation of literally works especially which is
derived from English work.
3) This study can contribute information and insight to applied
linguistic practitioners, translator and students of translation
courses and any other readers who are interested in studying
translation courses and any others readers who are interested in
studying translation especially in address terms.
.
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