Factorial Effect On Matter Accumulation and Chemical Characteristics, and Related Characters in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

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ABSTRACT

CHANGHO PARK. F & o d E m on Matla Accumulation a d chemical Chmteristiq

and Related Charadem in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Under the direction of
FRED RUMAWAS, KWANGHO KIM,and WAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR.
This study was conducted to analyze varietal differences on dry matter (DM)
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Obcurnulation a d chemical characteristics, to scmn the relationship of DM pmdudion
$md ~umuhtion-relatedmajor p w t h &waders with major chemical constituents,
emd to observe the eftkt ofstancvtting or potassium (KCl) treatments on major growth
0
;;charactem and chemical constituents in sweet and bitter varieties of cassava (Mamihot
-.3scuZenta Crantz) h m May 2001 to September 2004 in Cibinong, Bogor, West Java.
The sw& vwktk, Gading 4 Adiral, showed early-bulking W d c s having
superior source and sink potentials, which develop a suficient som and canopy
%thin short period at the early growth phase, and then translocate more assimilates to
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+rage rods with a higher partitioning rate. Also, these sweet varietia were considered
@ early-maturing varieties, which can be harvested within 7 MAP, in aspols of the
W u I a t i o n rates of DM and STC in mats. The TDW, R/SR, and LA1 on the D M
p i l e the RBR,TDW, DWL, d LA1 on the STC showed higher positive direct effects.
The HCNL d
d after 5 MAP,except for Gading showing the reduction &r

MAP, while the HCNR began to decreare after 3 MAP, excluding Pucuk Biru, a
ubitter variety, which showed a delayed o~ccumulationof HCNR until 7 MAP. The
&CNL showed a bigha positive correlation ( ~ 0 . 6 3 9 with
)
the HCNR, which was
%ghly a f f d by the NL. LAI, DWL, and LAD. The LAI, DWR, and STC gave
higher negative direct efkcts on the HCNL and HCNR, The CPC,CFBC, and AC,
however, were cmeIated negatively with the plmt age in dl varieties.
When cassava was planted with longer or older portion SCs, source characters like
NL and LAI developed in excess, while tuber yields decreased, due to the reduction
of other important source or sink-related characters such as the RISR, RGR, DWR,
and HI, particularly in the bitter varieties. The sweet varieties, Adiral and Gadin&
obtained higher DM of tubers and total biomass when they were planted with the 2530 cm long SCs or with the YT to SM portion SCs, while the bitter varieties, Adira4
and SPP, with the 15-20 cm long SCs or with the SM to H W portion SCs, respectiveiy.
owever, there was no significantinteraction between length and portion of SC in al t
characters observed during the growing period.
0 Canopy or source-related characters, DWS, DWL, DWSP, LAI, LAD, and CGR,
3howed higher positive correlations with the KC1 application levels in all varieties,
h h i l e sink-related characters such as the NT,DWR, TOR, and PC showed relatively
q w e r positive or negative correlations. In particular, the R/SR and HI showed higher

p @ v e correlationswith the KC1 application Ievels in all varieties. The recommendable
LgCl top dressing level was 50-100 kg ham'for the sweet varieties, Adiral and Valenca,
phile 150-200 kg hi1for the bitla varieties, Adin4 and Pus* Biru, in order to obtain
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varieties with higher tuber yield and starch, and lower HCNR, particularly in
&gor areas, West Java