CRITICISM OF SOCIAL INJUSTICE REFLECTED IN VICTOR HUGO’S LES Criticism Of Social Injustice Reflected In Victor Hugo's Les Miserables(1862):A Sociological Approach.
CRITICISM OF SOCIAL INJUSTICE REFLECTED IN VICTOR HUGO’S LES
MISERABLES (1862): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
By:
FEBRYA ISYANA ROS
A320110152
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHERTRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2017
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“The real reward of teaching science is like a reward for people who learned from him,
and he still has an excess of it. Therefore, the study of science experts and teach to your
brethren, as scholars have taught it to you.” ( Unknown )
“ Stop waiting for things to happen go out and make them happen.” ( Unknown )
“ It’s not how good you are is how good you want to be.” ( Unknown )
v
DEDICATION
Proudly and wholeheartedly, the researcher would like to deciate this research paper to:
1. Allah SWT for the great blessing and the great prophet Muhammad SAW
2. My beloved parents ( Alm. Isman and Muttamimah ) who always pray, care, and support
me
3. My beloved sister Dianty Elisiana who always care, support and motivation
4. My beloved brother Moh.Danang Aji P who always give motivation and support
5. My beloved sister and brother in law ( Dewi R and Muh. Yusuf I ) who always give me
support, care and suggestion.
6. My friends ( Danty, Sella, Silmi, Rima, Nita, Yafi, Ayub, Cadika, Andhin, Hesti, Abdi,
Nisa )
7. All of my friends in 1000 guru Jogja
8. All of my friends in English Education 2011
The Reseaercher
vi
ABSTRACT
This study is about “Criticism of Social Injustice Reflected in Victor Hugo’s Les
Miserables”(1862) using Sociological Approach. The objectives of the study are to identify
the characteristics of Social Injustice using Sociological Approach, to describe the causes of
Social Injustice which is illustrated in Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables, To describe the impact
of Social Injustice towards the main character in the novel Les Miserables.This research
uses qualitative research.The primary data of this research is Les Miserables by Viktor
Hugo, while the secondary data of this research is other sources related to the study, such
as: virtual sources and other printed materials that support this research. The researcher
draws three conclusions in this research. First, social injustice is characterized by such
qualities as Elitism is Efficient, Exclusion is Necessary, Prejudice is Natural, Greed is
Good, and Despair is Inevitable.Second, the causes of social injustice are depicted mainly
through the plot concluding that it happens because of Poverty, Crime and Criminal
Injustice, the Changing Family, School and Education, Work and Economy, and Health and
Healthy Care. Those make social injustice happen toward the society. Third, the effects of
social injustice can be concluded namely:Increased Poverty, Overcrowding, Famine,
Species Loss, Weather Extreme, Acute and Chronic Medical Illness, and War and Human
Right Abuses.
Keywords: Social Injustice, Les Miserable, Sociology of literature.
vii
ABSTRAK
Studi ini adalah tentang “Criticism of Social Injustice Reflected in Victor Hugo’s Les
Miserables” ( 1862 ) yang menggunakan pendekatan Sosiologis. Tujuan studi ini adlaah
untuk mengidentifikasikan karakter - karakter ketidakadilan, untuk mendeskripsikan sebab
– sebab mengapa terjadi ketidakadilan social dan mendeskripsikan dampak – dampak dari
ketidakadilan social yang digambarkan dalam novel Les Miserables berdasarkan
pendekatan Sociological. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif. Data primer
dari penelitian ini adalah novel karya Viktor Hugoyang diterbitkan pada tahun 1862,
sementara data sekunder dari penelitian ini adalah sumber lain yang terkait dalam studi ini,
seperti: referensi-referensi online,dan beberapa buku yang mendukung penelitian ini.
Peneliti menarik tiga kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, ketidakdilan social
dikarakterisasikan oleh sifat – sifat seperti elitism yang efisien, pengeluaran yang tidak
diperlukan, prasangka adalah alamiah, ketamakan dianggap baik, keputusasaan yang tidak
terelakakan. Kedua, sebab – sebab ketidakadilan digambarkan terutaman melalu plot yang
mengkonklusikan bahwa hal tersebut terjadi karena kemiskinan, ketidakadilan dalam
criminal, keluarga yang berubah, sekolah dan pendidikan, pekerjaan dan ekonomi,
kesehatan dan layanan kesehatan. Semua itu membuat ketidakadilan terjadi terhadap
masyarakat. Ketiga, beberapa dampak ketidakadilan dapat disimpulakn yakni: kemiskinan
yang meningkat, kepadatan yang berlebihan, kelaparan, kerugian mata uang, cuaca yang
ekstrem, penyakit kronis and akut, perang dan penyalahgunaan hak manusia.
Kata Kunci: KetidakadilanSosial, Les Miserable, Sociology of literature.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to His blessings given to
the researcher, so she can completed her research paper entitled CRITICISM OF SOCIAL
INJUSTICE REFLECTED IN VICTOR HUGO’S LES MISERABLES ( 1862 ): A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. Many people helped the researcher in doing this research.
The researcher would like to give the deepest appreciation and gratitude to them in the following
list:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., the Chief of Department of English Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi. M.S., the first consultant who has supported and gave the researcher
guidance patiently to do this research by giving the best advice and suggestions, so the
researcher can enrich her knowledge about literature.
4. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed., Phil. Dr., the second examiner who has patiently
corrected the researcher’s paper and given her many advice.
5. Yeni Prastiwi, S.Pd., M.Hum.,Ph.D., the third examiner who has given her suggestion
and careful correction to improve the quality of the research paper.
6. Siti Fatimah, S.Pd., M.Hum., the academic consultant who has given guidance to the
researcher during her study in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
7. All lectures of Department of English Education who have become such great educators
and for giving precious knowledge to the researcher.
8. Her beloved late father, Mr. Isman who eventhough is not in this world anymore, his love
is always in the researcher’s heart.
9. Her beloved mother, Mrs. Muttamimah, that loves, motivates and supports the researcher
as always. Without her, all is nothing.
10. Her beloved sister, Dianty Elisiana, who always gives a lot of advices and support in
difficult situation.
ix
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE..................................................................................................
i
TESTIMONY.................................................................................................
ii
APPROVAL...................................................................................................
iii
ACCEPTANCE.............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO..........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION...............................................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK....................................................................................................
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study.........................................................
1
B. Problem Statement....................................................................
4
C. Limitation of the Study.............................................................
4
D. Objectives of the Study............................................................
4
E. Benefit of the Study...................................................................
5
F. Research Paper Organization.....................................................
5
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................
6
A. Underlying Theory……............................................................
6
1. Notion of the Social Injustice………………………………
6
2. The Characteristics of Social Injustice………………………
7
3. The Causes of Social Injustice………………………………
9
4. The Effects of Social Injustice….………………………….
10
5. Sociology of Literature……………………………………..
15
6. The Types of Sociology of Literature……..……………..…
16
a. The Sociology of the Writer…………………………..…
17
b. The Sociology of the Society………………………..…..
17
c. The Sociology of the Reading…………………………...
17
xi
B. Previous Study……….…..........................................................
18
C. Novelty………………………………………………………… 18
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD.......................................................
20
A. Type of the Study …………………………………………......
20
B. Object of the Study…………………........................................
20
C. Type of the Data and the Data Source…………………………
20
1. Primary Data Source………………………………………… 20
2. Secondary Data Source……………………………………… 21
D. Technique of the Data Collection..............................................
21
E. Technique of the Data Analysis.................................................
21
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION..........................................
22
A. The Main Findings.....................................................................
22
1. The Characteristics of Social Injustice……………………… 22
2. The Causes of Social Injustice...............................................
28
3. The Effects of Social Injustice……………………………… 36
4. The Reasons of Victor Hugo………………………………… 41
B. Discussion..................................................................................
42
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION........................................................................
46
A. Conclusion................................................................................
46
B. Suggestion..................................................................................
48
C. Pedagogical Implication............................................................
48
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………
49
APPENDIX
xii
MISERABLES (1862): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
By:
FEBRYA ISYANA ROS
A320110152
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHERTRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2017
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“The real reward of teaching science is like a reward for people who learned from him,
and he still has an excess of it. Therefore, the study of science experts and teach to your
brethren, as scholars have taught it to you.” ( Unknown )
“ Stop waiting for things to happen go out and make them happen.” ( Unknown )
“ It’s not how good you are is how good you want to be.” ( Unknown )
v
DEDICATION
Proudly and wholeheartedly, the researcher would like to deciate this research paper to:
1. Allah SWT for the great blessing and the great prophet Muhammad SAW
2. My beloved parents ( Alm. Isman and Muttamimah ) who always pray, care, and support
me
3. My beloved sister Dianty Elisiana who always care, support and motivation
4. My beloved brother Moh.Danang Aji P who always give motivation and support
5. My beloved sister and brother in law ( Dewi R and Muh. Yusuf I ) who always give me
support, care and suggestion.
6. My friends ( Danty, Sella, Silmi, Rima, Nita, Yafi, Ayub, Cadika, Andhin, Hesti, Abdi,
Nisa )
7. All of my friends in 1000 guru Jogja
8. All of my friends in English Education 2011
The Reseaercher
vi
ABSTRACT
This study is about “Criticism of Social Injustice Reflected in Victor Hugo’s Les
Miserables”(1862) using Sociological Approach. The objectives of the study are to identify
the characteristics of Social Injustice using Sociological Approach, to describe the causes of
Social Injustice which is illustrated in Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables, To describe the impact
of Social Injustice towards the main character in the novel Les Miserables.This research
uses qualitative research.The primary data of this research is Les Miserables by Viktor
Hugo, while the secondary data of this research is other sources related to the study, such
as: virtual sources and other printed materials that support this research. The researcher
draws three conclusions in this research. First, social injustice is characterized by such
qualities as Elitism is Efficient, Exclusion is Necessary, Prejudice is Natural, Greed is
Good, and Despair is Inevitable.Second, the causes of social injustice are depicted mainly
through the plot concluding that it happens because of Poverty, Crime and Criminal
Injustice, the Changing Family, School and Education, Work and Economy, and Health and
Healthy Care. Those make social injustice happen toward the society. Third, the effects of
social injustice can be concluded namely:Increased Poverty, Overcrowding, Famine,
Species Loss, Weather Extreme, Acute and Chronic Medical Illness, and War and Human
Right Abuses.
Keywords: Social Injustice, Les Miserable, Sociology of literature.
vii
ABSTRAK
Studi ini adalah tentang “Criticism of Social Injustice Reflected in Victor Hugo’s Les
Miserables” ( 1862 ) yang menggunakan pendekatan Sosiologis. Tujuan studi ini adlaah
untuk mengidentifikasikan karakter - karakter ketidakadilan, untuk mendeskripsikan sebab
– sebab mengapa terjadi ketidakadilan social dan mendeskripsikan dampak – dampak dari
ketidakadilan social yang digambarkan dalam novel Les Miserables berdasarkan
pendekatan Sociological. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif. Data primer
dari penelitian ini adalah novel karya Viktor Hugoyang diterbitkan pada tahun 1862,
sementara data sekunder dari penelitian ini adalah sumber lain yang terkait dalam studi ini,
seperti: referensi-referensi online,dan beberapa buku yang mendukung penelitian ini.
Peneliti menarik tiga kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, ketidakdilan social
dikarakterisasikan oleh sifat – sifat seperti elitism yang efisien, pengeluaran yang tidak
diperlukan, prasangka adalah alamiah, ketamakan dianggap baik, keputusasaan yang tidak
terelakakan. Kedua, sebab – sebab ketidakadilan digambarkan terutaman melalu plot yang
mengkonklusikan bahwa hal tersebut terjadi karena kemiskinan, ketidakadilan dalam
criminal, keluarga yang berubah, sekolah dan pendidikan, pekerjaan dan ekonomi,
kesehatan dan layanan kesehatan. Semua itu membuat ketidakadilan terjadi terhadap
masyarakat. Ketiga, beberapa dampak ketidakadilan dapat disimpulakn yakni: kemiskinan
yang meningkat, kepadatan yang berlebihan, kelaparan, kerugian mata uang, cuaca yang
ekstrem, penyakit kronis and akut, perang dan penyalahgunaan hak manusia.
Kata Kunci: KetidakadilanSosial, Les Miserable, Sociology of literature.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to His blessings given to
the researcher, so she can completed her research paper entitled CRITICISM OF SOCIAL
INJUSTICE REFLECTED IN VICTOR HUGO’S LES MISERABLES ( 1862 ): A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. Many people helped the researcher in doing this research.
The researcher would like to give the deepest appreciation and gratitude to them in the following
list:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., the Chief of Department of English Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi. M.S., the first consultant who has supported and gave the researcher
guidance patiently to do this research by giving the best advice and suggestions, so the
researcher can enrich her knowledge about literature.
4. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed., Phil. Dr., the second examiner who has patiently
corrected the researcher’s paper and given her many advice.
5. Yeni Prastiwi, S.Pd., M.Hum.,Ph.D., the third examiner who has given her suggestion
and careful correction to improve the quality of the research paper.
6. Siti Fatimah, S.Pd., M.Hum., the academic consultant who has given guidance to the
researcher during her study in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
7. All lectures of Department of English Education who have become such great educators
and for giving precious knowledge to the researcher.
8. Her beloved late father, Mr. Isman who eventhough is not in this world anymore, his love
is always in the researcher’s heart.
9. Her beloved mother, Mrs. Muttamimah, that loves, motivates and supports the researcher
as always. Without her, all is nothing.
10. Her beloved sister, Dianty Elisiana, who always gives a lot of advices and support in
difficult situation.
ix
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE..................................................................................................
i
TESTIMONY.................................................................................................
ii
APPROVAL...................................................................................................
iii
ACCEPTANCE.............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO..........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION...............................................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK....................................................................................................
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study.........................................................
1
B. Problem Statement....................................................................
4
C. Limitation of the Study.............................................................
4
D. Objectives of the Study............................................................
4
E. Benefit of the Study...................................................................
5
F. Research Paper Organization.....................................................
5
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................
6
A. Underlying Theory……............................................................
6
1. Notion of the Social Injustice………………………………
6
2. The Characteristics of Social Injustice………………………
7
3. The Causes of Social Injustice………………………………
9
4. The Effects of Social Injustice….………………………….
10
5. Sociology of Literature……………………………………..
15
6. The Types of Sociology of Literature……..……………..…
16
a. The Sociology of the Writer…………………………..…
17
b. The Sociology of the Society………………………..…..
17
c. The Sociology of the Reading…………………………...
17
xi
B. Previous Study……….…..........................................................
18
C. Novelty………………………………………………………… 18
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD.......................................................
20
A. Type of the Study …………………………………………......
20
B. Object of the Study…………………........................................
20
C. Type of the Data and the Data Source…………………………
20
1. Primary Data Source………………………………………… 20
2. Secondary Data Source……………………………………… 21
D. Technique of the Data Collection..............................................
21
E. Technique of the Data Analysis.................................................
21
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION..........................................
22
A. The Main Findings.....................................................................
22
1. The Characteristics of Social Injustice……………………… 22
2. The Causes of Social Injustice...............................................
28
3. The Effects of Social Injustice……………………………… 36
4. The Reasons of Victor Hugo………………………………… 41
B. Discussion..................................................................................
42
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION........................................................................
46
A. Conclusion................................................................................
46
B. Suggestion..................................................................................
48
C. Pedagogical Implication............................................................
48
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………
49
APPENDIX
xii