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Multi-band image manipulation. Services that modify an image using the multiple bands of the image. Examples
include: ratioing; principal components transformation, Intensity-Hue-Saturation colour space transformation, de- correlation-stretching.
Object detection service. Service to detect real-world objects in an image.
9.3.4.3 Geographic imagery processing services – temporal
The following is a non-exhaustive listing of geographic processing services – temporal.
Image change detection services. Service to find differences between two images that represent the same geographical area at different times.
Image subsetting service. Service that extracts data from an image in a continuous interval based on temporal
position values.
Image sampling service. Service that extracts data from an image using a consistent sampling scheme based on temporal position values.
9.3.4.4 Geographic imagery processing services – metadata
The following is a non-exhaustive listing of geographic processing services – metadata.
Image statistics service. Service to calculate the statistics of an image, e.g., mean, median, mode, and standard deviation; histogram statistics and histogram calculation; minimum and maximum of an image; multi-band cross
correlation matrix; spectral statistics; spatial statistics; other statistical calculations.
Image annotation services. Services to add ancillary information to an image e.g., by way of a label, a hot link, or
an entry of a property for a feature into a database that augments or provides a more complete description.
9.3.5 Geographic communication services
Examples of communications services for working with geographic data and services:
Image encoding service. Service that provides implementation of an encoding rule and provides an interface to encoding and decoding functionality for imagery. A standard relevant to encoding is ISO 19118-2 TBR.
Image compression service. Service that converts spatial portions of an image to and from compressed form.
Image format conversion service. Service that converts from one image encoding format to another.
9.4 Service chaining for imagery
Image processing typically involves multiple steps. Some steps can be of long duration. ISO 19119 defines a computational model for combining services in a dependent series to achieve larger tasks. ISO 19119 addresses the
syntactic issues of service chaining, e.g., data structure of a chain; as well as the semantic issues associated with service chaining.
ISO 19119 enables users to combine data and services in ways that are not pre-defined by the data or service providers. This capability is enabled by the infrastructure of the larger domain of IT.
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Quality of a service chain operating on imagery depends upon several issues, e.g., order of the individual services and compatability of the individual services. See ISO 19119 for a further discussion of service chaining quality.
9.5 Service metadata – extensions for imagery
ISO 19119 defines service metadata for geographic services. Service metadata records can be managed and searched using a catalogue service as is done for dataset metadata. In order to provide a catalogue for discovering
services, a schema for describing a service is needed. ISO 19119 defines a metadata model for service instances.
Extensions to ISO 19119 for imagery services:
10 Engineering viewpoint – deployment approaches
10.1 Introduction
The Engineering viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment focuses on the mechanisms and functions required to support distributed interaction between objects in the system. [ISOIEC 10746-1]. Key concepts for the engineering
viewpoint are node and channel.
An engineering viewpoint node, according to RM-ODP, is a configuration of engineering objects forming a single unit for the purpose of location in space, and which embodies a set of processing, storage and communication functions. In
this technical specification, engineering viewpoint nodes will be modelled as UML nodes showing the allocation of information and computational viewpoints to specific nodes.
An engineering viewpoint channel, according to RM-ODP, is a configuration of stubs, binders, protocol objects and interceptors providing a binding between a set of interfaces to basic engineering objects, through which interaction can
occur. This Technical Specification will not use the specific list of RM-ODP channel items, but rather will discuss channels in terms of networks and distributed computing platforms.
Consistency between Computational and Engineering viewpoints: •
Computational interfaces must correspond to engineering interfaces. RM-ODP-1 •
Basic engineering objects correspond to computational objects. RM-ODP-1 •
Engineering viewpoint adds code packaging and operating systems RM-ODP-1 •
Computational interactions correspond to chain of engineering interactions RM-ODP-3
10.2 Distributed system for geographic imagery
