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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter contains the discussion how intrinsic and extrinsic aspects are presented in the memoir. The discussion will be divided into two parts. The first
part will be called as intrinsic aspect which contains the discussion of formula of eating disorder story. The second part will be called as extrinsic aspect which
contains the discussion of Marxist feminist approach.
4.1 Intrinsic Aspect
In this chapter, there will be analysis on the intrinsic aspects of the novel. The intrinsic analysis will be divided into three parts. The first part is analysis on the
formula which is the structure of the story. The second is analysis on the characterization of the novel. The third is analysis on the setting of the novel.
4.1.1 The Formula of Wasted: a Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia
No Formula
Description 1
The Troubled Girlhood Marya has trouble with food.
Marya has trouble with her body image. Bulima and Anorexia.
2 The Desire for Autonomy
and Control Marya has desire to control her own life.
Marya has desire to control her body and what she eats.
3 The Professional
Appearance The doctor, psychiatrist, nutritionist, and
psychologist’s appear to treat Marya’s eating disorder disease.
4 Lowest Health Condition
Marya weighs only fifty-two pounds and she is black out.
35 Marya is given a week to live.
5 Recovery Condition
Marya has desire to get better life. Marya has a better life and health.
Table 1 Formula of Wasted: a Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia 4.1.1.1 The Troubled Girlhood
An eating disorder story commonly starts with the description of the main character’s childhood life. The main character has problems with her body image.
In the Wasted: a Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia, Marya who is the main character has problems with her body and beauty image. She feels that her body is
not normal, which is too fat. It begins when she looks at the image of her body in the mirror when she attends a ballet class. Here, she compares her body with that
of the other girls. I am not a waif. Not now, not then. Im solid. Athletic. A mesomorph: little
fat, lot of muscle. I can kick a ball pretty casually from one end of a soccer field to the other, or bloody a guys nose without really trying, and if you
hit me real hard in the stomach youd probably break your hand. In other words I am built for boxing, not ballet Hornbacher, 1998: 15.
Marya thinks that her ballet suit is not suitable for her and her outfit is not good. She realizes that she is fat and it makes her upset.
She also has problem with her body image when she is getting into puberty period. She feels that her body becomes very fat, since her breast is
growing bigger. She tells her mother that she has cancer in her breast. Something had to be done. I finally accosted her in the living room and
demanded that she take me to buy a bra. I HAVE TO HAVE A BRA, I declared. Why? She asked. I burst into tears because she couldnt see that I
was wiggling and jiggling every which way and what I really wanted was a good butcher knife to chop em right off, which I actually threatened to
do once, as I sat sullenly in the car with my father Hornbacher, 1998: 49.
From the quotation above, it can be assumed that Marya has not ready yet to face
36 her puberty. Her parents never tell her about sex education. In her home, the
sexual issue is taboo to be discussed. Another trouble that Marya faces is the problem with food. This trouble
was instigated by her parent’s eating behaviors. Her mother has strange habit in eating because she is also an anorexic. On other side, her father will eat too much
but he will diet. The parents’ strange habits influence Marya to be bulimic and anorexic. She wants to be slim; therefore she decides that she must diet. She tends
to take the food with low calories. She lik es to eat diuretics’ food. She also eats as
minimum portion as she can. In doing this, she expects to get slim.
4.1.1.2 The Desire for Autonomy and Control
In the eating disorder story, the main character who suffers from eating disorders usually has desire for her own autonomy and control of her life. In the Wasted: a
Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia , Marya’s desire to gain autonomy was shown
when, at the age of fifteen, she wanted to leave her home at Minnesota for Michigan. She was in soul-searching and she wanted to become someone new.
She stated that she wanted to be “trying out new faces, faces more suited to girl- of-the-world, a girl-on-her-way, a girl-on-her-
own” Hornbacher, 1998: 88. From this quotation, we can see that Marya really wants to be a new slim girl. She wants
to leave her home and go to Michigan because she does not want her parents to restrict her eating disorder manners. She does not want her parents to interfere her
desire to get slim. In the story, Marya also shows her desire to gain control over food and her
body. The desire to gain control over her body is shown by her activity in holding
37 her breath to keep her stomach flat. She did that since she was a child until she
became an adult. Another example of Marya’s desire to gain control over food and body is when she eats, she always counts the calories and the amount of bites she
will take the food. “For example, if I am three years old and standing on a chair making
myself an apple sandwich, and if I eat this apple sandwich in precisely twenty bites, no more no less, then I will be happy. If I eat it in more than
twenty bites, I will be sad” Hornbacher, 1998: 20. By doing this, she just wants to be slim. The thinness is a sign of self-control over
her society. Marya, by being slim, tries to be accepted by her society. Marya believes that the virtue of her society is “our most hallowed virtue in modern
society is self- control, personal ‘power’ also the hallowed virtue in my own
family Hornbacher, 1998: 53. This statement is strengthened by her other statements “that woman who can control herself is almost as good as a man
Hornbacher, 1998: 82. To her, the society will only give attention to the slim beautiful girl. The two quotations above show that Marya has desire to control
over her body and food.
4.1.1.3 Professional Appearance
In the eating disorder story, other important characters that must exist are the professionals such as doctor, psychiatrist, or psychologist. The presence of the
professionals here is to analyze and give treatment to the eating disordered patient. In the Wasted: a Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia, the professionals
appear when Marya’s parents bring Marya to the doctor. The parents are worried because Marya’s eating disorders are getting worst.
In the examining room, my feet were cold. My hands were cold. I am
38 convinced they keep doctors offices at forty degrees. Even my knees got
cold. The doctor came in. He was young, pleasant-looking, and brisk. He put his hands at my throat, felt the swelling below my jaw Hornbacher,
1998: 139.
This is the first time that Marya meets a doctor. She states that the doctor is young, pleasant-looking, and brisk. So, in the eating disorder story, the doctor is
depicted as a good looking person. We can see in the story
that Marya’s eating disorders get worse and worse. Her eating disorder cannot be cured without professional help. She has to be
hospitalized several times and she has to be institutionalized once. To treat her eating disorders she has to see a medical doctor every two weeks, psychiatrist
once a month, a nutritionist and a psychologist once a week. It is because she has to check for her weight and health.
4.1.1.4 Lowest Health Condition
In the eating disorder story, the main character who suffers from eating disorders usually experiences her lowest health condition. In the Wasted: a Memoir of
Anorexia and Bulimia, Marya experiences many bad conditions because of her eating disorders. She is doing strict diet, over exercise, binging, passing out, being
hospitalized, leaving the hospital, doing strict diet again, binging again, passing out, and being hospitalized again. Marya is almost sent to Willmar, Minnesota
State Institution. It is a hospital for mental disorder a person who is left to die there. Fortunately, Kathi who is her doctor saves Marya from Willmar and Marya
is sent to Lowe House instead, the Lowe House is the Childrens Residential Treatment Center.
In another case, Marya ever reached her lowest weight at 52 pounds and
39 then she is given a week to live. Her condition is described by this quotation. She
feels that she is on the edge of her death. I think Im dead.
Finally. Fifty-two.
Then everything goes white Hornbacher, 1998: 271.
Marya has been hospitalized six times and she has also been institutionalized once in Lowe House. Because of her eating disorders, she also has to attend endless
hours of therapy. She has experience to be force-fed and weighed for so long. She has been tested, observed, and diagnosed.
4.1.1.5 Recovery Condition
In the eating disorder story, the main character who suffers from eating disorders will get worse and worse. The main character usually experiences her lowest
health. Most of the main character in the eating disorder story is depicted to experience difficult, lengthy, and often unpleasant recovery period. However,
none of the fictional eating disordered character dies. In the Wasted: a Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia, the main character, Marya, experiences difficult, lengthy,
and unpleasant recovery period. The doctor predicts that she can only live for a week because of her eating disorder diseases. However, she wants to live and
survives from her eating disorders. Facing this difficult condition, Marya promises that she wants to change in order to get better. In the story, she tells that she has
reasons to be better and it is shown in the quotation below. I am alive for very menial reasons:
1. Being sick gets singularly boring after a while. 2. I was really annoyed when told I was going to die and rather petulantly
went, Well fuck you then I wont. 3. In a rare appearance by my rational self, I realized it was completely
40 stupid and chicken-shittish of me to just check out of life because it ruffled
my feathers. 4. It struck me that it was entirely unoriginal to be starving to death.
Everyone was doing it. It was, as a friend would later put it, totally passé. Totally 1980s. I decided to do something slightly less Vogue.
5. I got curious: If I could get that sick, then I figured I could bloody well get unsick Hornbacher, 1998: 277.
From the quotation above, we can see that Marya’s condition is better because she desires to live. This desire makes her want to overcome her eating
disorder’s habits. In eating disorder’s cases, the eating disordered person usually has difficulty in overcoming the eating disorder tendency. In this novel, although
Marya has not been cured yet and she is still underweight, Marya is bigger and heavier than before.
4.1.2 Character in Wasted: a Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia
In a story, there are characters that bring their own traits to make a plot. In Wasted: a Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia, there are many characters that can be
explored. The writer tries to describe the stereotypical traits of the characters in the memoir. The description will consist of stereotypical main character, parents,
and professional.
4.1.2.1 Stereotypical Main Character
In Wasted: a Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia, the main character is a girl namely Marya. In this memoir, the story tells about Marya’s life. Marya shows her
personality traits through her struggle to get slim. The stereotypical traits of the main character are religious, intelligent, cruel, and promiscuous. These personality
traits will be discussed in the following paragraphs below.
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a. Female, White, Young, Middle-Class
