The ELCA Levels of the 4
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speakers 15
I get upset when I dont
understand what
the lecturer
is correcting.
9,1 54,5 22,7 13,6 0
16. Even if I am
well prepared for the class,
I feel anxious about it.
4,5 41
23 27
4,5
17. I often feel
like not going to the class.
13,6 22,7 40,9 22,7 18.
I feel
confident when I speak
English in the class.
9,1 36,4 45,5 9,1
19. I am afraid
that my
lecturer is
ready to
correct every mistake
I make.
13,6 27,3 45,5 13,6
20. I can feel my
heart pounding
when Im
going to be called on in
the class. 4,6
54,5 22,7 18,2 0
21. The more I
study for a test, the more
confused I
get. 13,6 18,2 27,3 36,4 4,5
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22. I dont feel
pressure to
prepare very well for the
class. 9,1
45,5 36,4 9,1
23. I always feel
that the other students
speak English better than I
do. 4,5
59,1 27,3 9,1
24. I feel very
self ‐
conscious about
speaking English
in front of other
students. 40,9 50
9,1
25. The lesson of
the class
moves so
quickly I
worry about getting
left behind.
45,5 31,8 22,7 0
26. I feel more
tense and
nervous in
my language class than in
my other
classes. 31,8 40,9 22,7 4,6
27. I get nervous
and confused when I am
speaking English in the
class. 4,5
31,8 36,4 18,2 9,1
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28. When Im on
my way to the class, I
feel very sure and relaxed.
81,8 13,6 4,6
29. I get nervous
when I dont understand
every word
the lecturer
says. 59,1 31,8 9,15 0
30. I
feel overwhelmed
by the
number of
rules you
have to learn to
speak English,
50 36,4 13,6 0
31. I am afraid
that the other students will
laugh at me when I speak
English. 9,1
27,3 18,2 36,4 9,1
32. I
would probably feel
comfortable around native
speakers of
English. 4,5
41 50
4,5
33. I get nervous
when the
lecturer asks questions
which I
havent prepared
in advance.
4,5 68
23 4,5
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SA =strongly agree; A =agree; N =neither agree nor disagree; D = disagree; SD = strongly disagree.
Based on Table 4.1, the students reported that they experience
some negative feelings such as nervousness, confusion and panic before speaking in the class. It can be seen from the percentages of the items
that are related with Communication Apprehension, such as item 4:
“It frightens me when I dont understand what the lecturer is saying in
English ” 50, item 9: “I start to panic when I have to speak without
preparation in the class” 68,2, item 24: “I feel very self
‐
conscious about speaking English in front of other s
tudents” 40,9, item 27: “I get nervous and confused when I am speaking English in the class”
31,8, item 29: “I get nervous when I dont understand every word
the lecturer says” 59,1, item 33: “I get nervous when the lecturer asks questions which
I havent prepared in advance” 68,2. The students also afraid that they will not be able to understand all
the English words they receive input. They endorse items that will lead them to Test Anxiety, such as item 3:
“I tremble when I know that Im going to be called on in the class” 68,2, item 12: “In the class, I can
get so nervous I forget things I know” 68,2, item 16: “Even if I am well prepared for the class, I feel anxious about it” 40,9, item 20: “I
can feel my heart pounding when Im going to be called on in the class”
54,5, item 10:
“I worry about the consequences of failing classes”
72,2, item 15: “I get upset when I dont understand what the lecturer is correcting” 63,6, item 25: “The lesson of the class moves so
quickly I worry about getting left behind” 45,5. These thoughts and
beliefs are the major source of their ELCA. Thus, the students need to overcome such erroneous beliefs.
Regarding with the items that are related with Fear of Negative Evaluation, the students reported that they have negative self-perception
of themselves compared to others. They felt less-competent than their classmates. They endorse item 7: “I keep thinking that the other students
are better at English than I am” 71, 2, item 23: “I always feel that the other students speak English
better than I do” 59,1. They were afraid of being evaluated by their lecturer and their classmates as well. It
can be seen from item 13: “It embarrasses me to volunteer answers in
my language class” 22,7, item 19: “I am afraid that my lecturer is
ready to correct every mistake I make” 13,6, item 31: “I am afraid that the other students will laugh at me when I speak
English” 27,3.
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Fortunately, the percentages of the students who agreed on these items are smaller than the students who disagreed. It can be seen from item 2
which is a positive statement: “I dont worry about making mistakes in the class” 54,5. This indicates that most of them don‟t mind to
commit mistakes in the classroom. After examining the percentages of the students‟ FLCA Scale
responses, the researcher calculated the score of each student and finally categorized them into three levels of ELCA. The result is presented in
table 4.2:
Table 4. 2 Students’ Scores from the FLCAS
No .
Students ’ Names
High Anxious Range 120-
165 Moderate
Anxious Range 76-119
Low Anxious Range 33-75
1. STUDEN
T A 117
2. STUDEN
T B 114
3. STUDEN
T C 98
4. STUDEN
T D 103
5. STUDEN
T E 73
6. STUDEN
T F 103
7. STUDEN
T G 116
8. STUDEN
T H 125
9. STUDEN
T I 85
10. STUDEN T J
103 11. STUDEN
T K 97
12. STUDEN T L
108
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13. STUDEN T M
114 14. STUDEN
T N 100
15. STUDEN T O
105
16 STUDEN
T P 80
17. STUDEN T Q
106 18. STUDEN
T R 93
19. STUDEN T S
97 20. STUDEN
T T 108
21. STUDEN T U
102 22. STUDEN
T V 114
Table 4.2 shows that there is only 1 student who got high score in FLCA Scale. It was the student H with the score 125. The more score
the students got, the higher level of anxiety they have. In her response, student H chose “Strongly agree” or “Agree” in all negative statements
which are positively worded. She also chose “Disagree” in 4 of 9 positive statements which are negatively worded. It shows that she was
actually facing ELCA in a high level. Thus, it can be concluded that Student H is the most “High Anxious” student.
The next level below “High Anxious” is “Moderate Anxious”. As we can see in the table 4.2, most of the students are categorized in
“Moderate Anxious” level, which is 91 of the students. There are 20 students who are categorized in this level. They are student A, B, C, D,
F, G, J, K, L, M, N, O, R, S, T, U, and V. Although they have similar ELCA levels, they got different scores. The score of those students
range from 93 to 117. The student who got the highest score in this level is student A 117, G 116, B, M and V 114, L and T 108, followed
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by student O 105, student D, F, and J 103, student U 102, student N 100, student S and K 97, student C 98, and the last is student R
93.
Last but not least is “Low Anxious” level. As the researcher had expected, the students in this level will be a very few. There is only
1 student who is categorized in “Low Anxious” level. It means that the percentage is very small, which is only 4, 5. It was student E. The
score is 73 which are only 2 numbers below the maximum score in this level. This is not surprising because even the clever students in foreign
language classrooms including English classrooms experience some level of anxiety.Hence, if Student E cannot maintain her ELCA level,
she has the potential to increase her E
LCA level when she‟s facing more difficulties in the next semesters.
In short, both “High Anxious” and “Low Anxious” level have the same percentages which is only 4,5 of the total students. The
highest score is 125 Student H and the lowest score is 73 Student E. The category that the students are mostly
categorized in is “Moderate Anxious” level. Almost all of the total respondents are categorized in
this level 91. It indicates that the students have the possibility to increase their anxiety level to “High Anxious” level. It can be seen from
the most of the students score. Out of 20 students, 14 of their scores range above 100 and 5 of them got score above 110. It means that their
scores are approaching the maximum score in this level; 119. If they cannot maintain their ELCA level, they will increase their ELCA level
into “High Anxious” level. To make the readers easier to find the overall percentages of three categories in ELCA, the results of the table 4.1 is
presented in the chart 4.1
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Chart 4. 1 Percentages of the Students’ ELCA Levels