Definition of Writing Writing

Apparently, at the other end of the spectrum, a „free writing’task requires learners to „create’ an essay on a given topic, often as part of a language examination. Sometimes students are simply invited to write on a personal topic, their hobbies, what they did on holiday, interesting experiences and the like. Other material provide a readingpassage as stimulus for a piece of writing on a pararel topic, usually with comprehention questions spread between the two activities. b. Controlled writing If the focus of a language programme is on accuracy, then schemes for controlling learners’ writing output will obviously predominate. The students will focus to practice on getting words down on they paper and they have to concentrate one one or two problems all the time. Controlled writing focuses the student’s attention on specific features of the written language. It is a good method of reinforcing grammar, vocabulary, and syntax. The range of activity types is considerable, and typical approaches include: 1 providing a model sentence and asking students to construct a pararel sentence with different lexical items. 2 inserting a missing grammatical form. 3 composing sentenses from tabular information, with a model provided. 4 joining sentences to make a short paragraph, inserting supplied conjuctions but, and however, because, although. c. Guided Writing It is an extension of controlled writing; it is less controlled than controlled writing. In using this kind of writing to teach writing, students are given a first sentence, a last sentence, an outline to fil out, a series of question to respond to, or information to include in their piece of writing, students should be able to discuss, make notes, and share finding together before they begin to write. In guided writing, the students will not make a serious errors if they follow the instrution which are given by their teacher.

4. Descriptive Writing

a. Definition of Descriptive Description reproduces the way things look, smell, taste, feel, or sound; it may also evoke moods such as happiness, lonelines, or fear. It is used to create visual image of people, place even units of time- days, times of day, or a reason. It’s maybe used also to ilustrate more than outward appearance of people. And this kind of writing may tell about the traits or character or personality. 27 A paragraph that describes is called a descriptive paragraph, in a descriptive paragraph, the writer describes. 28 The purpose of writing is to give a picture or to describe about something. Futhermore, Hogins on his book; Contemporary Exposition stated that description calls for specific details and accurate, fresh ways of characterizing a particular object, setting it apart from all others. 29 However, Good descriptive writing can stimulate the reader’s imagination to form sensory responses from all five senses. Frequently, the reader has no choice: many people cannot read an article about taste of citrus fruits, for example, without having a physical response to the imagined taste. And a passage about specific food left out of the refrigerator too long will produce a shudder from readers as they imagine the resulting smell. Based on the explanation above, the writer tries to conclude that description is the way things look, smell, taste, feel, or sound, it can 27 John E. Lincoln, Writing a Colledge Handbook, New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1986, p. 86 28 James A.W. Hefferman and John E. Lincoln, Writing A College HandbookNew York: W. W Norton A Company Inc, 1986, Second Edition, p. 83 29 James Burl Hogins, Contemporary Exposition, New York: J.B Lippincott Company, 1978, p.116