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a constructive way forward. The case for local approaches is only strengthened if a strategy that integrates EBA and CBA is adopted.
Key issues and considerations for designing and implementing integrated EBA-CBA approaches
1. The end result is about helping people cope with climate change, and not ecosystems.
2. EBACBA is as much about process as outcomes, and as such, how it is done is
important.
3. Co-benefits of this integrated approach can lead to carbon sequestration, livelihood
sustenance and disaster risk reduction. The evidence base needs to be much more robust in order to quantify these.
4. There are trade-offs at different spatial scales: for example, watershed versus
administrative units. There are also short-term as well as long-term trade-off issues in relation to adaptation planning.
5. Poor people are often the most vulnerable and most likely to suffer due to climate
change. Community participation must be genuine, and closer to self-mobilization than passive consultation.
6. EBA and CBA are bottom-up approaches, but problems exist as to how to scale these up
and mainstream them effectively. Scaling up should not exclude larger spatial scales such as the ecosystem.
7. Current tools and frameworks for monitoring and evaluation are inadequate for
addressing ecosystem related issues. 8.
The UNEP s EBA Decision Support Framework was presented which contains four components: setting the adaptive context, selecting appropriate options for adaptation,
designing the change and adaptive implementation. This can be adapted for CBAEBA planning and implementation by strengthening community development elements.
9. The evidence base so far is strongly anecdotal and not sufficiently robust or scientific.
Other pitfalls include the lack of economic analysis and insufficient knowledge about tipping points and thresholds.
10. Effective scaling up is required. Lessons can be learned by exploring examples from the
