CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
2.1 Literature Review
In the previous years, there are some students analyzed preposition, which in different approach, was used as the literature review in this study. The theories
used in those studies were concerned with the analysis of preposition. As they were discussing about those analysis, as sequence these studies give contribution to this
study. First, the structure, meaning, and function of prepositions were analyzed in
the undergraduate thesis entitled “The Analysis of Structure and Meaning of
Prepositional Phrase with Reference to Ernest Hermingways The Old Man and The Sea”. The prepositional phrase was analyzed by Pibriani 2005 and is based on the
theory proposed by Quirk 1985 and Wren and Martin 1990. The aims of this study are to identify and analyze the prepositional phrase found in the story. The
tree diagram is used to describe the prepositional phrases in the data source. The data had been collected by means of library research method and analyzed
descriptively. The strength of this undergraduate thesis is the data analyzed the structure, meaning and function of the collecting data with the tree diagram.
Furthermore, it has the same topic as this study and uses the same theory. However,
this study only focused on the preposition “with”. Furthermore, this undergraduate thesis only focuses on the novel, however, this current study focuses on the corpus
containing the novels, magazines, newspaper, spoken, and academic journal. Second, the undergraduate thesis entitled
“The Analysis of Prepositional Phrase Which Focuses on Preposition on, in and at with Special Reference to Novel Sunny
Candlers Return by Sandra Brown” is written by Widarma 2007. The aims of his undergraduate thesis are to analyze the meaning of prepositional phrase preceded by
preposition on, in and at and to analyze the usage of the preposition. The data in this study was taken from the English sentences found in the first chapter of Novel “Sunny
Chandler’s Return”. There are two main theories used to analyze the meaning and the usage of preposition in this thesis. They are the theories that proposed by Quirk 1985
and George Yule 1998. The result of this undergraduate thesis shows that the meaning of prepositional preceded by the prepositions on, in and at indicates the place, time,
purpose and location in metaphor. The difference from this current study is that his undergraduate thesis focused on the preposition in metaphor and this study focused on
the meaning and semantic relation. The strength of this undergraduate thesis is that this undergraduate thesis describes the data collection in more detailed. Therefore, the
readers easily understand the topic and the analysis of the data. However, the source of this undergraduate thesis only taken from the novel.
Third, the undergraduate thesis entitled “The Analysis of Preposition in The
Children Short Story ‘Ms. Wizz Millionaire’ by Terrence Blacker” is written by
Krisnayanti 2008. The aims of this undergraduate thesis are to analyze the syntactic function of preposition. Furthermore, other functions are to analyze the meaning of
preposition are found in the short story based on the theory proposed by Quirk 1985. The research method used in this undergraduate thesis is library research. Furthermore,
the data were classified based on the type of prepositions. The result of her undergraduate thesis shows the preposition at, in, on, for and from indicate place, time,
target, source and purpose. The difference is her undergraduate thesis focuses on the syntactic function of preposition and this study focuses on meaning and semantic
relation of the preposition “with”. The weakness of her undergraduate thesis is the scope of discussion. The scope of discussion was too small and lack of the data
accurateness. Furthermore, the strength of this undergraduate thesis is the undergraduate thesis describes all the data clearly. This undergraduate thesis can cover
all the discussion with a few examples. The international journal of English linguistics vol. 3 no. 2 with the article
entitled Compound Prepositions Used by Iraq EFL University Students was written by Ahmed Muhammed Ali Abu Humeid. It discussed about the compound preposition
error used by the Iraq EFL university student. The aims of this article are to identifying and analyzing the errors which Iraqi EFL university students are liable to make in using
compound prepositions and is giving a clearer rationale for the possible causes including such errors. The result shows that the majority of Iraqi EFL university
students fail to recognize and produce such propositions. Moreover, they do not realize
the function of such prepositions because they do not discern their meanings and most books of grammar do not enlist their meanings or uses. The researchers refer the
meaning proposed by Hornby 2006. This article and this study focus on the same topic, such as the preposition. However, this article analyzes the application of
preposition and this study analyzes the preposition “with”. The strength of this article is that the data source is taken from the real life and the data is described in more
detailed. However, some parts of the article are difficult to understand. International Journal of English language and Translation studies vol. 2 with
the article entitled Speaking in their Language: An Overview of Major Difficulties Faced by the Libyan EFL Learners in Speaking Skill was written by Pathan, Aldersi
and Alsout from University of Sebha. The aims of this article are to identify and analyze the English errors of the students. This article analyzed the data based on the theory of
lexical errors Zughoul, 1985 and syntactic errors Kambal, 1980. The result shows that the students speaking skill is influenced by their mother tongue leading them to
commit errors in almost every aspect of their English, including pronunciation, sentence construction, proper collocation, use of adjectives, preposition, idioms, etc.
The difference is this article does not only focus on preposition but also on other elements and this cur
rent study only focuses on the preposition “with”. The strength of this article is that the data is clearly described and make the readers easily understand
the discussion. Furthermore, this article gives the contribution on how the preposition errors occur in the society.
2.2 Concepts 2.2.1 Concept of Preposition
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