1 To describe the forms of prepositional phrase with preposition “with” that are used with
reference to the Corpus of Contemporary American English. 2
To analyze the semantic relations between the preposition “with” and other elements found in the Corpus of Contemporary American English.
3 To explain the function and meanings of English prepositions “with” that is found in the
Corpus of Contemporary American English.
1.4 Scope of Discussion
Based on the problems, the study focuses on: 1
The forms of prepositional phrase with preposition “with” that are used in the Corpus of Contemporary American English.
2 The semantic relations between the preposition “with” and other elements found in the
Corpus of Contemporary American English. 3
The function and meaning of preposition “with” that is used in the Corpus of Contemporary American English according to theory proposed by Quirk 1985.
1.5 Research Method
Research method is an explanation about what method applied by the researcher to his study. There are three components of the method. They are data source, method and technique of
collecting data, and method and technique of analyzing data.
1.5.1 Data source
The data was taken from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The Corpus of Contemporary American English COCA is the largest corpus of American English and contains
a wide array of texts from a number of genders. It was created by Mark Davies, Professor of Corpus Linguistic at Brigham Young University. The corpus is composed of more than 450 million words
from more than 160.000 texts. Furthermore, it is divided between the five genres spoken, fiction, popular magazines, newspapers, and academic journals. The Corpus of Contemporary American
English is chosen as the data source because it contains the data related to this study and the content was taken from many literary works in 1990-2012. Furthermore, at least 1000 examples were taken
from the data source in order to strengthen the result.
1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data
The method of collecting data is documentation method and the technique is note taking from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Documentation method is the research
method in order to collect the data by documenting the data source. Firstly, the data was collected by searching in the COCA as the data source. Secondly, it was continued by note taking from the
data source. Note taking is a technique collecting the data from the data source by taking a note in Microsoft Excel. Third, the data was identified according to the text containing preposition
“with”. Furthermore, the collected data was classified in accordance with the function and meaning of the
prepositions.
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data
The quantitative method was applied to analyze the collected data. The technique was furthermore analyzed descriptively and quantitatively, because of the nature of the research
question. The data was analyzed based on the theory applied in the study and the result was presented descriptively. Furthermore, there are some steps in order to analyze the data. First, the
collected data classified in accordance with their form and semantic relations. The semantic
relation was included the relation between the preposition and the following word and the form is the formation of the prepositional phrases. Furthermore, the classification was determined by the
following words as the element of the sentence. The data was analyzed according to how the meaning of preposition “with” was affected by the following words. Second, the function and
meaning was classified and analyzed according to the theory of prepositional phrase proposed by Quirk 1985. Furthermore, the classification of the function and meaning was supported by the
analysis of the semantic relations.
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
2.1 Literature Review
In the previous years, there are some students analyzed preposition, which in different approach, was used as the literature review in this study. The theories
used in those studies were concerned with the analysis of preposition. As they were discussing about those analysis, as sequence these studies give contribution to this
study. First, the structure, meaning, and function of prepositions were analyzed in
the undergraduate thesis entitled “The Analysis of Structure and Meaning of
Prepositional Phrase with Reference to Ernest Hermingways The Old Man and The Sea”. The prepositional phrase was analyzed by Pibriani 2005 and is based on the
theory proposed by Quirk 1985 and Wren and Martin 1990. The aims of this study are to identify and analyze the prepositional phrase found in the story. The
tree diagram is used to describe the prepositional phrases in the data source. The data had been collected by means of library research method and analyzed
descriptively. The strength of this undergraduate thesis is the data analyzed the structure, meaning and function of the collecting data with the tree diagram.
Furthermore, it has the same topic as this study and uses the same theory. However,
