RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

Arini Rusyda, 2014 A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu 2.6 News Discourse as the Analytical Field of Van Leeweun’s CDA 24 2.7 Current Studies on CDA 26

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Formulation of Problems 30 3.2 Research Design 30 3.3 Data Collection 31 3.4 Data Analysis 32

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings 37 4.1.1 Social Actors Represented on USA Today and Tripoli Post 37 4.1.2 Actions and Reactions 38 4.1.2.1 Material and Semiotic Actions 40 4.1.2.2 Transactive and Nontransactive Material and Semiotic Actions 43 4.1.2.3 Transactive Instrumental and Interactive Action 45 4.1.3. Reactions: Cognitive, Affective and Perceptive 47 4.1.3.1 Affective Reactions 48 4.1.3.2 Perceptive Reactions 49 4.1.3.3 Cognitive Reactions 49 4.1.4 Transformations on Action and Reaction 50 4.1.4.1 Deactivation: Objectivation and Descriptivization 50 4.1.4.2 De-agentialization: Eventuation, Existentialization, and Naturalization 53 4.1.4.3 Abstraction: Generalization and Distillation 55 4.1.4.4 Overdetermination: Symbolization and Inversion 57 4.1.5 Social Actions Attributed to US Alliances 60 4.1.5.1 Social Actions Attributed to US Alliances on USA Today 60 4.1.5.2 Social Actions Attributed to US Alliances on Tripoli Post 63 Arini Rusyda, 2014 A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu 4.2 Discussions 69 4.2.1 Social Actors on online USA Today and Tripoli Post from Viewpoints of Social Actions 70 4.2.2 The Distributio n of the US Alliance’s Social Actions and Their Transformations 73 4.2.3 The Tendency of Objectivation and Abstraction on US Alliances 74 4.2.4 Media Discursive Strategy through Representation of US Alliances on USA Today and Tripoli Post: Legalization on War 75

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions 76 5.2 Suggestions 78 REFERENCES 79 APPENDICES Arini Rusyda, 2014 A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu LIST OF TABLES 1. Table 2.1 Elements of Social Practices 19 2. Table 3.3 The Initial Analysis 36 3. Table 4.1 Source articles taken from online USA Today 38 4. Table 4.2 Source articles taken from online Tripoli Post 38 5. Table 4.3 Actions and reactions on USA Today’s articles 39 6. Table 4.4 Actions and reactions on Tripoli Post’s articles 39 7. Table 4.5 Materializations and Semioticizations on USA Today’s articles 41 8. Table 4.6 Materializations and Semioticizations on Tripoli Post’s articles 41 9. Table 4.7 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions on USA Today’s articles 43 10. Table 4.8 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions on Tripoli Post’s articles 43 11. Table 4.9 Transactive Instrumental and Interactive Actions on USA Today’s articles 45 12. Table 4.10 Transactive Instrumental and Interactive Actions on USA Today’s articles 46 13. Table 4.11 Affective Reactions on USA Today and Tripoli Post’s articles 48 14. Table 4.12 Perceptive Reactions on USA Today and Tripoli Post’s articles 49 15. Table 4.13 Cognitive Reactions on USA Today and Tripoli Post’s articles 49 16. Table 4.14 Objectivations and Descriptivizations Arini Rusyda, 2014 A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu on USA Today and Tripoli Post’s articles 51 17. Table 4.15 Deagentializations on USA Today and Tripoli Post 55 18. Table 4.16 Generalizations and Distillations on USA Today and Tripoli Post 56 19. Table 4.17 Symbolizations and Inversions on USA Today and Tripoli Post 58 20. Table 4.18 Reactions Embedded to the US Alliances on USA Today 61 21. Table 4.19 Materializations and Semioticizations Embedded to the US Alliances on USA Today 61 22. Table 4.20 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions Embedded to the US Alliances on USA Today 62 23. Table 4.21 Transactive Actions Represented to the US Alliances’ Social Actions on USA Today 62 24. Table 4.22 Reactions Embedded to the US Alliances on Tripoli Post 64 25. Table 4.23 Actions Embedded to the US Alliances on Tripoli Post 64 26. Table 4.24 Transactive and Nontransactive Actions Embedded to the US Alliances on Tripoli Post 65 27. Table 4.25 Transactive Actions Embedded to the US Alliances on Tripoli Post 65 28. Table 4.26 Deactivation Represented to the US Alliances’ Social Actions 66 29. Table 4.27 Deagentialization Represented to the US Alliances’ Social Actions 68 30. Table 4.28 Abstraction Represented to the US Alliances’ Social Actions 68 31. Table 4.29 Overdetermination Represented to the US Alliances’ Social Actions 69 Arini Rusyda, 2014 A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu LIST OF FIGURES 1. Figure 2.1 Influence of discourse on practice 17 2. Figure 2.2 Social Actions Network 21 3. Figure 3.1 Selected research corpus 32 4. Figure 3.2 Detailed scheme on data analysis 34 5. Figure 4.1 Objectivation and its forms 51 6. Figure 4.2 Constitutions of an action that can be abstracted through generalization 55 7. Figure 4.3 Types of Social Action and Their Transformations on USA Today and Tripoli Post 59 Arini Rusyda, 2014 A SOCIAL ACTION ANALYSIS OF NEWS ON 2011 WAR IN LIBYA: REPRESENTATION OF THE US ALLIANCES ON ONLINE USA TODAY AND THE TRIPOLI POST Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION