The Definition of Contextual Teaching and Learning

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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Review on Contextual Teaching and Learning

1. The Definition of Contextual Teaching and Learning

CTL according to Johnson 2002 in Alwasilah 2007:19 is described as follows: An educational process that aims to help students see meaning in the academic material they are studying by connecting academic subject with the context of what their daily lives, that is with context of their personal, social, and cultural circumstances. To achieve this aim, the system encompasses the following eight components: making meaningful connection, doing significant work, self-regulated learning, reaching high standard, using authentic assessment. Depdiknas 2003:5 states that CTL is a concept of learning which can help teacher to make a connection between subject matter with the situation of real world and encourage students to relate knowledge they have with the application in their daily live by involving seven component, namely: 1 Constructivism; 2 Questioning; 3 Inquiry; 4 Learning Community; 5 Modeling; 6 Reflection; and 7 Authentic assessment The Washington State Consortium for CTL 2001 in Nurhadi et al 2004:12 formulates the definition of CTL as follows: Contextual teaching is teaching that enables students to reinforce, expand, and apply their academic knowledge and skills in a variety of in-school and out-of-school setting in order to simulate or real- world problems. Contextual learning occurs when students apply and experience what is being taught referencing real problems associated with their 7 roles and responsibilities as family members, citizens, students, and workers. Contextual teaching and learning emphasizes higher- level thinking, knowledge transfer across academic disciplines, and collecting, and analyzing and synthesizing information and data from multiple sources and viewpoints. Center on Education and Work at the University of Wisconsin-Madison TEACHNET in Nurhadi et al 2004:12 describe CTL as a conception of teaching and learning which help teachers to relate between subject matter content and real world situations. It also motivates students to connect knowledge and its application to their live as family members, citizens, and workers and engage in the hard work that learning requires. The definitions of CTL above can be summarized as an educational process that aims to help teacher relate subject matter content to real world situations and motivate students to connect knowledge they are studying with its application to the content of their daily lives, that is as family members, citizens, students, and worker. These aims can be achieved by encompassing the seven components, namely: Constructivism, Questioning, Inquiry, Learning Community, Modeling, Reflection and authentic assessment.

2. The Component of CTL