IMPROVING THE VOCABULARY MASTERY OF THE FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SD 2 KEDUNGDOWO KUDUS IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 20112012 BY USING OSTENSIVE TEACHING By AHMAD SHODIQIN
IMPROVING THE VOCABULARY MASTERY
OF THE FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SD 2 KEDUNGDOWO KUDUS
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012
BY USING OSTENSIVE TEACHING
By
AHMAD SHODIQIN
NIM 200832103
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2012
ii
IMPROVING THE VOCABULARY MASTERY
OF THE FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SD 2 KEDUNGDOWO KUDUS
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012
BY USING OSTENSIVE TEACHING
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
in Partial Fulfillment for Completing the Sarjana Progam
in English Education
By
AHMAD SHODIQIN
NIM 200832103
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2012
iii
ADVISOR APPROVAL
This is that to certify that the sarjanaskripsi of Ahmad Shodiqin (2008-32103) has been approved by the skripsi advisor for further approval by the
Examining Committee.
Kudus, June 2012
Advisor I
Dra. Sri Endang Kusmaryati, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001009
Advisor II
Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum
NIS. 0610701000001191
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd
NIP.195606191985031002
iv
APPROVAL OF EXAMINERS COMMITTEE
This is to certify that the Skripsi of Ahmad Shodiqin (2008-32-103) has
been approved by the examining Committee as a requirement for the Sarjana
Degree in Teaching English as a Foreign Language.
Day
: Wednesday
Date
: July 18th 2012
Examining Committee
Dra. Sri Endang Kusmaryati, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001009
Chairperson
Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum
NIS. 0610701000001191
Member
Ahdi Riyono, SS, M.Hum
NIS. 0610701000001160
Member
Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001207
Member
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd
NIP.195606191985031002
v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
Vini, Vidi, Vici.
Do everything with the best.
Don’t be sad, Allah with us.
DEDICATION
This Skripsi dedicated to:
His beloved parents are in heaven; my pray and
my pride are always for them. Thanks for your
advice and your love is my spirit.
His family who always give their support.
His beloved “Nyai” who always be there when
need her.
His friends who always spend the time with
laugh, joke, sad, and smile together.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
His special thanks must first and foremost go to Allah SWT the almighty
and the merciful for blessing, health, miracle and inspiration given to his leading
to the completion of this Skripsi.
Praise and invocation are also given to our prophet, Muhammad SAW,
who is always his intercession in the end of the world. Therefore, the writer would
express his appreciation to those who have helped him, namely:
1.
Drs. Susilo Raharjo M.Pd. as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Muria University.
2.
Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M.Pd. as the Head of English Education Department.
3.
Dra. Sri
Endang Kusmayarti, M.Pd. as the First Advisor for her best
suggestion, guidance, and motivation in finishing this Skripsi.
4.
Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum. as the Second Advisor for his valuable help,
guidance, correction and suggestion for the completion of this Skripsi.
5.
Mrs. Puji Hartati, S.Pd. as the Headmaster of SD 2 Kedungdowo, who
permits and facilitates him to conduct the research in her school.
6.
The English Teacher of SD 2 Kedungdowo Mrs. Naili Nor Rokhmawati, S.
Pd, thanks for her help, and all of the students of SD 2 Kedungdowo for
helping him in collecting the data.
7.
His beloved “Nyai” who always give support, motivation and moral
encouragement to finish her study.
8.
His beloved parents in heaven who always make him proud and spirit.
vii
9.
His sister and brothers, thank for support and affection.
10. His lovely friends thank for your help, support and affection.
Kudus, June 2012
The Writer
viii
ABSTRACT
Shodiqin, Ahmad. 2012. Improving the Vocabulary Mastery of the Fifth Grade
Students of SD 2 Kedungdowo Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 by
Using Ostensive Teaching. Skripsi. English Education Department,
Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Advisor: (i) Dra. Sri Endang
Kusmaryati, M.Pd (ii) Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum.
Keywords: Vocabulary, Ostensive
Vocabulary is one of the elements of language that should be learnt and
taught with accurate to understanding. In vocabulary there is continued
development beyond the childhood years, with adults constantly adding new
words to their vocabulary through reading, occupation, and other activities. In
elementary level the material of English are introducing and translating words and
things around. One of the famous techniques that use to children is called
Ostensive.
Ostensive Teaching is showing the real things in the classroom with
pointing or showing. It means that in teaching English vocabulary, teacher can
hold up things or point of the objects in the classroom as a vocabulary mediator to
remembered. And much of the vocabulary of children’s learning will consist of
concrete nouns. Introducing a new word by showing the real object often helps
pupils memorize the words through visualization. Instead of using real pictures, a
word or the contents of a passage may be visualized. This is more effective than
repetition.
The researcher conducted classroom action research to solve the research
problem. The research was conducted in SD 2 Kedungdowo-Kudus in the
academic year 2011/2012, especially in fifth grade of SD 2 Kedungdowo. The
total of the fifth grade students are 28, that are consist of 13 male and 15 female.
This research consists of three cycles and each of cycles has the instrument, they
are: observation, test, and questionnaire. Besides that, the researcher also applied
the research design in every cycle as follow: planning, observation, analysis and
reflection.
The researcher uses things in library units in first cycle, for second and
third cycle the researcher uses weather-season units. The average score percentage
of students’ vocabulary mastery in cycle I is 63.18. In cycle II is 67.93%. So,
there is an increasing of the average score percentage of the students’ vocabulary
mastery between cycle I and cycle II. It is 4.75%. The average score percentage of
the students’ vocabulary mastery in cycle III is 73.89%. So, there is an increasing
of the average score percentage of the students’ vocabulary mastery between cycle
II and cycle III. It is 5.96%. And there is increasing 10.71% between cycle I and
III. Therefore, there is the improvement of the students’ vocabulary mastery in
teaching by using Ostensive Teaching in every cycle.
ix
In every cycle, there is an improvement of students’ activity in teaching
English by using Ostensive Teaching. In cycle I, there are many students who are
not active enough yet in teaching learning process. There are a few students who
give response to the teacher when the teacher speak, give question, and give
command. In cycle II the number of students who are active when the teacher
asks students to look for the meaning from dictionary and write in the blackboard
is increase although there are still some students who are chat with their friend. In
cycle III, all of the students can be active in the class activity although there are
some students who still less of respond when the teacher teaching English to
them.
Moreover, there are some problems faced by the teacher because most of
the students are silent and chat with their friends during class activity in cycle I.
The researcher suggests to the teacher, that the teacher must have control over the
class during the teaching learning process to overcome that problem. In cycle II,
the problem faced by the teacher is lower than cycle I because only a few the
students who are silent and chat with their friends during class activity. The
researcher suggests to the teacher, that the teacher must have a great motivation to
make students more active. In cycle III, the teaching learning process can be run
well and there is no problem faced by the teacher in this cycle.
Ostensive Teaching can improve the speaking ability of the student, so it is
suggested that the English teacher uses Ostensive Teaching as the alternative
teaching technique to teach English for the students to improve students’
vocabulary. In application of Ostensive Teaching, it demands the students to be
active in class activity, so it is suggested that the English teacher uses interesting
clue and interesting media to the student when teaching learning process, so the
students can be enjoy in study English.
x
ABSTRAKSI
Shodiqin, Ahmad. 2012. Meningkatkan Penguasaan Kosakata Siswa Kelas dari
Kelima SD 2 Kudus Kedungdowo pada Tahun Akademik 2011/2012
dengan Menggunakan Ostensive Teaching. Skripsi. Progam Studi
Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakutas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (i) Dra. Sri Endang Kusmaryati,
M.Pd (ii) Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum.
Kata kunci: Kosakata, Ostensive
Kosakata adalah salah satu elemen dari bahasa yang harus dipelajari dan
diajarkan dengan akurat agar dapat memahaminya. Pegembangan kosakata
adalah melanjutkan perkembangan kosakata mulai dari masa kanak-kanak hingga
dewasa untuk terus menambahkan kata-kata baru pada kosa kata mereka melalui
membaca, pekerjaan, dan kegiatan lainnya. Pada tingkat dasar materi bahasa
Inggris hanya memperkenalkan dan menerjemahkan kata-kata dan benda yang ada
di sekitar. Salah satu teknik terkenal yang digunakan untuk mengajar kepada
anak-anak disebut Ostensive.
Ostensive Teaching adalah menunjukkan hal-hal nyata di dalam kelas
dengan menunjuk atau menunjukkan. Ini berarti bahwa dalam mengajar kosakata
bahasa Inggris, guru dapat menunjukkan atau sekedar menunjuk dari objek di
dalam kelas sebagai mediator kosakata untuk diingat. Banyak kosakata yang
dipelajari anak-anak terdiri dari kata benda nyata. Memperkenalkan kata baru
dengan menunjukkan benda nyata lebih membantu siswa menghafal kata-kata
tersebut secara visualisasi. Tehnik ini juga dapat menggunakan gambar nyata, kata
atau isi dari sebuah bagian yang dapat divisualisasikan. Cara ini lebih efektif
dibandingkan dengan cara pengulangan.
Peneliti melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas untuk memecahkan masalah
penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan di SD 2 Kedungdowo-Kudus pada tahun
akademik 2011/2012, khususnya di kelas lima SD 2 Kedungdowo. Jumlah siswa
kelas lima adalah 28, yang terdiri dari 13 laki-laki dan 15 perempuan. Penelitian
ini terdiri dari tiga siklus dan setiap siklusnya memiliki instrumen, yaitu:
observasi, tes, dan kuesioner. Disamping itu, peneliti juga menerapkan desain
penelitian dalam setiap siklus sebagai berikut: perencanaan, observasi, analisis
dan refleksi.
Peneliti menggunakan benda-benda di perpustakaan sebagai materi di
siklus pertama, untuk siklus kedua dan ketiga peneliti menggunakan materi cuaca
dan musim. Persentase nilai rata-rata penguasaan kosakata siswa pada siklus I
adalah 63,18. Pada siklus II adalah 67,93%. Jadi, ada peningkatan persentase nilai
rata-rata penguasaan kosakata siswa antara siklus I dan siklus II sebesar 4,75%.
Persentase nilai rata-rata penguasaan kosakata siswa pada siklus III adalah
73,89%. Jadi, ada peningkatan persentase nilai rata-rata penguasaan kosakata
siswa antara siklus II dan siklus III sebesar 5,96%. Dan ada peningkatan 10,71%
xi
antara siklus I dan III. Oleh karena itu, ada peningkatan penguasaan kosakata
siswa dalam pengajaran dengan menggunakan Ostensive Teaching dalam setiap
siklus.
Dalam setiap siklus, terdapat peningkatan aktivitas siswa dalam
pengajaran bahasa Inggris dengan menggunakan Ostensive Teaching. Pada siklus
I, terdapat banyak siswa yang tidak cukup aktif dalam proses belajar mengajar.
Hanya ada beberapa siswa yang memberikan respon kepada guru ketika guru
berbicara, memberikan pertanyaan, dan memberikan perintah. Pada siklus II
terdapat peningkatan jumlah siswa yang aktif ketika guru meminta siswa untuk
mencari arti dari kamus dan menuliskanya di papan tulis meskipun masih ada
beberapa siswa yang mengobrol dengan teman mereka. Pada siklus III, semua
siswa aktif dalam kegiatan kelas meskipun ada beberapa siswa yang masih kurang
merespon ketika pengajaran bahasa Inggris.
Selain itu, terdapat beberapa masalah yang dihadapi oleh guru karena
sebagian besar siswa hanya diam dan mengobrol dengan teman-teman mereka
selama aktivitas di dalam kelas pada siklus I. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut,
peneliti menyarankan kepada guru agar memiliki kontrol atas kelas selama proses
belajar mengajar berlangsung. Pada siklus II, masalah yang dihadapi oleh guru
lebih rendah dari siklus I karena hanya beberapa siswa yang diam dan mengobrol
dengan teman-teman mereka selama kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas. Peneliti
menyarankan kepada guru, bahwa guru harus dapat memberikan motivasi untuk
membuat siswa lebih aktif. Pada siklus III, proses belajar mengajar dapat berjalan
dengan baik dan tidak ada masalah yang dihadapi oleh guru pada siklus ini.
Ostensive Teaching dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa siswa,
sehingga disarankan agar guru bahasa Inggris menggunakan Ostensive Teaching
sebagai teknik pengajaran alternatif untuk mengajar bahasa Inggris bagi para
siswa untuk meningkatkan kosakata mereka. Dalam penerapan Ostensive
Teaching tersebut menuntut siswa untuk aktif dalam kegiatan kelas, sehingga
disarankan agar guru bahasa Inggris menggunakan petunjuk dan media yang
menarik untuk siswa ketika proses pembelajaran, sehingga siswa dapat menikmati
belajar bahasa Inggris.
xii
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER .............................................................................................................. i
LOGO ................................................................................................................. ii
TITLE ................................................................................................................. iii
APPROVAL OF ADVISOR ............................................................................... vi
APPROVAL OF COMMITTEE ........................................................................ v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION .......................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................... vii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAKSI ..................................................................................................... xi
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xviii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study ............................................................................. 1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................ 3
1.3. Objective of the Research ........................................................................... 4
1.4. Significance of the Research ....................................................................... 4
1.5. Limitation of the Research .......................................................................... 5
1.6. Operational Definition ................................................................................ 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND ACTION
2.1.
Teaching English in SD 2 Kedungdowo ................................................. 7
2.1.1. Purpose of Teaching English in SD 2 Kedungdowo .............................. 8
2.1.2. Material of Teaching English in the Fifth Grade of SD 2 Kedungdowo
................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.3. Method of Teaching English in the Fifth Grade Students of SD 2
Kedungdowo .......................................................................................... 10
xiii
2.2.
Vocabulary .............................................................................................. 11
2.2.1. Vocabulary Mastery ................................................................................ 12
2.2.2. Kinds of Vocabulary .............................................................................. 12
2.2.3. The Importance of Vocabulary Mastery ................................................ 13
2.2.4. Techniques for Improving Vocabulary Mastery .................................... 14
2.3.
Ostensive Teaching ................................................................................ 15
2.3.1
Ostensive Teaching as Technique of Instruction ................................... 16
2.4.
Characteristic of Young Learner ............................................................. 18
2.5.
Procedure of Improving Vocabulary Mastery Using Ostensive Means .. 19
2.6.
Previous Research ................................................................................... 20
2.7.
Theoretical Framework ........................................................................... 23
2.8.
Hypothesis ............................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3.1.
Setting and Characteristic of Subject of the Research ............................ 25
3.2.
Variable of the Research ......................................................................... 26
3.3.
Design of the Research ............................................................................ 26
3.3.1
Pre-reflecting .......................................................................................... 29
3.3.2
Planning .................................................................................................. 30
3.3.3
Acting ..................................................................................................... 30
3.3.4
Observation ............................................................................................ 31
3.3.5
Reflecting ............................................................................................... 31
3.4.
Action Procedure .................................................................................... 32
3.5.
Technique of Analyzing Data ................................................................ 32
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH
4.1
Pre-reflection ......................................................................................... 36
4.2
The Result of Cycle I ............................................................................ 36
4.3
The Result of Cycle II ........................................................................... 52
4.4
The Result of Cycle III ......................................................................... 68
xiv
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1
Discussion ............................................................................................ 82
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1
Conclusion ............................................................................................ 85
6.2
Suggestion ............................................................................................. 87
BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 88
APPENDICES ................................................................................................... 90
xv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1
Oral Proficiency Scoring Categories ............................................ 33
Table 3.2
Teaching successful criterion ........................................................ 34
Table 4.1
The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’
Activities in Cycle I in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching to Improve Vocabulary Mastery for the
fifth grade Students of SD 2 Kedungdowo in the Academic
Year 2011/2012 Ostensive Teaching in Cycle I ........................... 39
Table 4.2
The Score of Achievement Test of Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching in Cycle I ........................................... 47
Table 4.3
The Result of Questionnaire in Cycle I to Know the
Teacher’s Problem in Teaching English to Improve
Vocabulary Mastery by Using Ostensive Teaching ..................... 49
Table 4.4
The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’
Activities in Cycle II in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching to Improve Vocabulary Mastery for the
fifth grade Students of SD 2 Kedungdowo in the Academic
Year 2011/2012 ............................................................................. 54
Table 4.5
The Score of Achievement Test of Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching in Cycle II .......................................... 63
Table 4.6
The Result of Questionnaire in Cycle II to Know the
Teacher’s Problem in Teaching English to Improve
Vocabulary Mastery by Using Ostensive Teaching ..................... 65
Table 4.7
The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’
Activities in Cycle III in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching to Improve Vocabulary Mastery for the
fifth grade Students of SD 2 Kedungdowo in the Academic
Year 2011/2012 ............................................................................. 70
xvi
Table 4.8
The Score of Achievement Test of Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching in Cycle III ......................................... 77
Table 4.9
The Result of Questionnaire in Cycle III to Know the
Teacher’s Problem in Teaching English to Improve
Vocabulary Mastery by Using Ostensive Teaching ..................... 79
xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Lesson Plan Cycle I ........................................................................ 90
Appendix 2 Material in Cycle I .......................................................................... 93
Appendix 3 Test cycle I ..................................................................................... 94
Appendix 4 Student’s Works cycle I ................................................................. 95
Appendix 5 The Lay-Out of Observation to Know the Teacher’s and
Students’ Activities in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching cycle I ........................................................... 98
Appendix 6 The Lay-Out Questionnaire to Know the Teacher’s Problem
in Teaching English to Improve Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching cycle I ................................................ 100
Appendix 7 Lesson Plan Cycle II ...................................................................... 101
Appendix 8 Material in Cycle II ........................................................................ 104
Appendix 9 Test cycle II .................................................................................... 105
Appendix 10 Student’s Works cycle II .............................................................. 106
Appendix 11 The Lay-Out of Observation to Know the Teacher’s and
Students’ Activities in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching cycle II .......................................................... 109
Appendix 12 The Lay-Out Questionnaire to Know the Teacher’s Problem
in Teaching English to Improve Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching cycle II ............................................... 111
Appendix 13 Lesson Plan Cycle III ................................................................... 112
Appendix 14 Material in Cycle III ..................................................................... 115
Appendix 15 Test cycle III ................................................................................. 116
Appendix 16 Student’s Works cycle III ............................................................. 117
Appendix 17 The Lay-Out of Observation to Know the Teacher’s and
Students’ Activities in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching cycle III ........................................................ 120
xviii
Appendix 18 The Lay-Out Questionnaire to Know the Teacher’s Problem
in Teaching English to Improve Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching cycle III .............................................. 122
xix
OF THE FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SD 2 KEDUNGDOWO KUDUS
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012
BY USING OSTENSIVE TEACHING
By
AHMAD SHODIQIN
NIM 200832103
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2012
ii
IMPROVING THE VOCABULARY MASTERY
OF THE FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SD 2 KEDUNGDOWO KUDUS
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012
BY USING OSTENSIVE TEACHING
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
in Partial Fulfillment for Completing the Sarjana Progam
in English Education
By
AHMAD SHODIQIN
NIM 200832103
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2012
iii
ADVISOR APPROVAL
This is that to certify that the sarjanaskripsi of Ahmad Shodiqin (2008-32103) has been approved by the skripsi advisor for further approval by the
Examining Committee.
Kudus, June 2012
Advisor I
Dra. Sri Endang Kusmaryati, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001009
Advisor II
Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum
NIS. 0610701000001191
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd
NIP.195606191985031002
iv
APPROVAL OF EXAMINERS COMMITTEE
This is to certify that the Skripsi of Ahmad Shodiqin (2008-32-103) has
been approved by the examining Committee as a requirement for the Sarjana
Degree in Teaching English as a Foreign Language.
Day
: Wednesday
Date
: July 18th 2012
Examining Committee
Dra. Sri Endang Kusmaryati, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001009
Chairperson
Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum
NIS. 0610701000001191
Member
Ahdi Riyono, SS, M.Hum
NIS. 0610701000001160
Member
Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001207
Member
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd
NIP.195606191985031002
v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
Vini, Vidi, Vici.
Do everything with the best.
Don’t be sad, Allah with us.
DEDICATION
This Skripsi dedicated to:
His beloved parents are in heaven; my pray and
my pride are always for them. Thanks for your
advice and your love is my spirit.
His family who always give their support.
His beloved “Nyai” who always be there when
need her.
His friends who always spend the time with
laugh, joke, sad, and smile together.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
His special thanks must first and foremost go to Allah SWT the almighty
and the merciful for blessing, health, miracle and inspiration given to his leading
to the completion of this Skripsi.
Praise and invocation are also given to our prophet, Muhammad SAW,
who is always his intercession in the end of the world. Therefore, the writer would
express his appreciation to those who have helped him, namely:
1.
Drs. Susilo Raharjo M.Pd. as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Muria University.
2.
Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M.Pd. as the Head of English Education Department.
3.
Dra. Sri
Endang Kusmayarti, M.Pd. as the First Advisor for her best
suggestion, guidance, and motivation in finishing this Skripsi.
4.
Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum. as the Second Advisor for his valuable help,
guidance, correction and suggestion for the completion of this Skripsi.
5.
Mrs. Puji Hartati, S.Pd. as the Headmaster of SD 2 Kedungdowo, who
permits and facilitates him to conduct the research in her school.
6.
The English Teacher of SD 2 Kedungdowo Mrs. Naili Nor Rokhmawati, S.
Pd, thanks for her help, and all of the students of SD 2 Kedungdowo for
helping him in collecting the data.
7.
His beloved “Nyai” who always give support, motivation and moral
encouragement to finish her study.
8.
His beloved parents in heaven who always make him proud and spirit.
vii
9.
His sister and brothers, thank for support and affection.
10. His lovely friends thank for your help, support and affection.
Kudus, June 2012
The Writer
viii
ABSTRACT
Shodiqin, Ahmad. 2012. Improving the Vocabulary Mastery of the Fifth Grade
Students of SD 2 Kedungdowo Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 by
Using Ostensive Teaching. Skripsi. English Education Department,
Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Advisor: (i) Dra. Sri Endang
Kusmaryati, M.Pd (ii) Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum.
Keywords: Vocabulary, Ostensive
Vocabulary is one of the elements of language that should be learnt and
taught with accurate to understanding. In vocabulary there is continued
development beyond the childhood years, with adults constantly adding new
words to their vocabulary through reading, occupation, and other activities. In
elementary level the material of English are introducing and translating words and
things around. One of the famous techniques that use to children is called
Ostensive.
Ostensive Teaching is showing the real things in the classroom with
pointing or showing. It means that in teaching English vocabulary, teacher can
hold up things or point of the objects in the classroom as a vocabulary mediator to
remembered. And much of the vocabulary of children’s learning will consist of
concrete nouns. Introducing a new word by showing the real object often helps
pupils memorize the words through visualization. Instead of using real pictures, a
word or the contents of a passage may be visualized. This is more effective than
repetition.
The researcher conducted classroom action research to solve the research
problem. The research was conducted in SD 2 Kedungdowo-Kudus in the
academic year 2011/2012, especially in fifth grade of SD 2 Kedungdowo. The
total of the fifth grade students are 28, that are consist of 13 male and 15 female.
This research consists of three cycles and each of cycles has the instrument, they
are: observation, test, and questionnaire. Besides that, the researcher also applied
the research design in every cycle as follow: planning, observation, analysis and
reflection.
The researcher uses things in library units in first cycle, for second and
third cycle the researcher uses weather-season units. The average score percentage
of students’ vocabulary mastery in cycle I is 63.18. In cycle II is 67.93%. So,
there is an increasing of the average score percentage of the students’ vocabulary
mastery between cycle I and cycle II. It is 4.75%. The average score percentage of
the students’ vocabulary mastery in cycle III is 73.89%. So, there is an increasing
of the average score percentage of the students’ vocabulary mastery between cycle
II and cycle III. It is 5.96%. And there is increasing 10.71% between cycle I and
III. Therefore, there is the improvement of the students’ vocabulary mastery in
teaching by using Ostensive Teaching in every cycle.
ix
In every cycle, there is an improvement of students’ activity in teaching
English by using Ostensive Teaching. In cycle I, there are many students who are
not active enough yet in teaching learning process. There are a few students who
give response to the teacher when the teacher speak, give question, and give
command. In cycle II the number of students who are active when the teacher
asks students to look for the meaning from dictionary and write in the blackboard
is increase although there are still some students who are chat with their friend. In
cycle III, all of the students can be active in the class activity although there are
some students who still less of respond when the teacher teaching English to
them.
Moreover, there are some problems faced by the teacher because most of
the students are silent and chat with their friends during class activity in cycle I.
The researcher suggests to the teacher, that the teacher must have control over the
class during the teaching learning process to overcome that problem. In cycle II,
the problem faced by the teacher is lower than cycle I because only a few the
students who are silent and chat with their friends during class activity. The
researcher suggests to the teacher, that the teacher must have a great motivation to
make students more active. In cycle III, the teaching learning process can be run
well and there is no problem faced by the teacher in this cycle.
Ostensive Teaching can improve the speaking ability of the student, so it is
suggested that the English teacher uses Ostensive Teaching as the alternative
teaching technique to teach English for the students to improve students’
vocabulary. In application of Ostensive Teaching, it demands the students to be
active in class activity, so it is suggested that the English teacher uses interesting
clue and interesting media to the student when teaching learning process, so the
students can be enjoy in study English.
x
ABSTRAKSI
Shodiqin, Ahmad. 2012. Meningkatkan Penguasaan Kosakata Siswa Kelas dari
Kelima SD 2 Kudus Kedungdowo pada Tahun Akademik 2011/2012
dengan Menggunakan Ostensive Teaching. Skripsi. Progam Studi
Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakutas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (i) Dra. Sri Endang Kusmaryati,
M.Pd (ii) Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum.
Kata kunci: Kosakata, Ostensive
Kosakata adalah salah satu elemen dari bahasa yang harus dipelajari dan
diajarkan dengan akurat agar dapat memahaminya. Pegembangan kosakata
adalah melanjutkan perkembangan kosakata mulai dari masa kanak-kanak hingga
dewasa untuk terus menambahkan kata-kata baru pada kosa kata mereka melalui
membaca, pekerjaan, dan kegiatan lainnya. Pada tingkat dasar materi bahasa
Inggris hanya memperkenalkan dan menerjemahkan kata-kata dan benda yang ada
di sekitar. Salah satu teknik terkenal yang digunakan untuk mengajar kepada
anak-anak disebut Ostensive.
Ostensive Teaching adalah menunjukkan hal-hal nyata di dalam kelas
dengan menunjuk atau menunjukkan. Ini berarti bahwa dalam mengajar kosakata
bahasa Inggris, guru dapat menunjukkan atau sekedar menunjuk dari objek di
dalam kelas sebagai mediator kosakata untuk diingat. Banyak kosakata yang
dipelajari anak-anak terdiri dari kata benda nyata. Memperkenalkan kata baru
dengan menunjukkan benda nyata lebih membantu siswa menghafal kata-kata
tersebut secara visualisasi. Tehnik ini juga dapat menggunakan gambar nyata, kata
atau isi dari sebuah bagian yang dapat divisualisasikan. Cara ini lebih efektif
dibandingkan dengan cara pengulangan.
Peneliti melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas untuk memecahkan masalah
penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan di SD 2 Kedungdowo-Kudus pada tahun
akademik 2011/2012, khususnya di kelas lima SD 2 Kedungdowo. Jumlah siswa
kelas lima adalah 28, yang terdiri dari 13 laki-laki dan 15 perempuan. Penelitian
ini terdiri dari tiga siklus dan setiap siklusnya memiliki instrumen, yaitu:
observasi, tes, dan kuesioner. Disamping itu, peneliti juga menerapkan desain
penelitian dalam setiap siklus sebagai berikut: perencanaan, observasi, analisis
dan refleksi.
Peneliti menggunakan benda-benda di perpustakaan sebagai materi di
siklus pertama, untuk siklus kedua dan ketiga peneliti menggunakan materi cuaca
dan musim. Persentase nilai rata-rata penguasaan kosakata siswa pada siklus I
adalah 63,18. Pada siklus II adalah 67,93%. Jadi, ada peningkatan persentase nilai
rata-rata penguasaan kosakata siswa antara siklus I dan siklus II sebesar 4,75%.
Persentase nilai rata-rata penguasaan kosakata siswa pada siklus III adalah
73,89%. Jadi, ada peningkatan persentase nilai rata-rata penguasaan kosakata
siswa antara siklus II dan siklus III sebesar 5,96%. Dan ada peningkatan 10,71%
xi
antara siklus I dan III. Oleh karena itu, ada peningkatan penguasaan kosakata
siswa dalam pengajaran dengan menggunakan Ostensive Teaching dalam setiap
siklus.
Dalam setiap siklus, terdapat peningkatan aktivitas siswa dalam
pengajaran bahasa Inggris dengan menggunakan Ostensive Teaching. Pada siklus
I, terdapat banyak siswa yang tidak cukup aktif dalam proses belajar mengajar.
Hanya ada beberapa siswa yang memberikan respon kepada guru ketika guru
berbicara, memberikan pertanyaan, dan memberikan perintah. Pada siklus II
terdapat peningkatan jumlah siswa yang aktif ketika guru meminta siswa untuk
mencari arti dari kamus dan menuliskanya di papan tulis meskipun masih ada
beberapa siswa yang mengobrol dengan teman mereka. Pada siklus III, semua
siswa aktif dalam kegiatan kelas meskipun ada beberapa siswa yang masih kurang
merespon ketika pengajaran bahasa Inggris.
Selain itu, terdapat beberapa masalah yang dihadapi oleh guru karena
sebagian besar siswa hanya diam dan mengobrol dengan teman-teman mereka
selama aktivitas di dalam kelas pada siklus I. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut,
peneliti menyarankan kepada guru agar memiliki kontrol atas kelas selama proses
belajar mengajar berlangsung. Pada siklus II, masalah yang dihadapi oleh guru
lebih rendah dari siklus I karena hanya beberapa siswa yang diam dan mengobrol
dengan teman-teman mereka selama kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas. Peneliti
menyarankan kepada guru, bahwa guru harus dapat memberikan motivasi untuk
membuat siswa lebih aktif. Pada siklus III, proses belajar mengajar dapat berjalan
dengan baik dan tidak ada masalah yang dihadapi oleh guru pada siklus ini.
Ostensive Teaching dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa siswa,
sehingga disarankan agar guru bahasa Inggris menggunakan Ostensive Teaching
sebagai teknik pengajaran alternatif untuk mengajar bahasa Inggris bagi para
siswa untuk meningkatkan kosakata mereka. Dalam penerapan Ostensive
Teaching tersebut menuntut siswa untuk aktif dalam kegiatan kelas, sehingga
disarankan agar guru bahasa Inggris menggunakan petunjuk dan media yang
menarik untuk siswa ketika proses pembelajaran, sehingga siswa dapat menikmati
belajar bahasa Inggris.
xii
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER .............................................................................................................. i
LOGO ................................................................................................................. ii
TITLE ................................................................................................................. iii
APPROVAL OF ADVISOR ............................................................................... vi
APPROVAL OF COMMITTEE ........................................................................ v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION .......................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................... vii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAKSI ..................................................................................................... xi
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xviii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study ............................................................................. 1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................ 3
1.3. Objective of the Research ........................................................................... 4
1.4. Significance of the Research ....................................................................... 4
1.5. Limitation of the Research .......................................................................... 5
1.6. Operational Definition ................................................................................ 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND ACTION
2.1.
Teaching English in SD 2 Kedungdowo ................................................. 7
2.1.1. Purpose of Teaching English in SD 2 Kedungdowo .............................. 8
2.1.2. Material of Teaching English in the Fifth Grade of SD 2 Kedungdowo
................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.3. Method of Teaching English in the Fifth Grade Students of SD 2
Kedungdowo .......................................................................................... 10
xiii
2.2.
Vocabulary .............................................................................................. 11
2.2.1. Vocabulary Mastery ................................................................................ 12
2.2.2. Kinds of Vocabulary .............................................................................. 12
2.2.3. The Importance of Vocabulary Mastery ................................................ 13
2.2.4. Techniques for Improving Vocabulary Mastery .................................... 14
2.3.
Ostensive Teaching ................................................................................ 15
2.3.1
Ostensive Teaching as Technique of Instruction ................................... 16
2.4.
Characteristic of Young Learner ............................................................. 18
2.5.
Procedure of Improving Vocabulary Mastery Using Ostensive Means .. 19
2.6.
Previous Research ................................................................................... 20
2.7.
Theoretical Framework ........................................................................... 23
2.8.
Hypothesis ............................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3.1.
Setting and Characteristic of Subject of the Research ............................ 25
3.2.
Variable of the Research ......................................................................... 26
3.3.
Design of the Research ............................................................................ 26
3.3.1
Pre-reflecting .......................................................................................... 29
3.3.2
Planning .................................................................................................. 30
3.3.3
Acting ..................................................................................................... 30
3.3.4
Observation ............................................................................................ 31
3.3.5
Reflecting ............................................................................................... 31
3.4.
Action Procedure .................................................................................... 32
3.5.
Technique of Analyzing Data ................................................................ 32
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH
4.1
Pre-reflection ......................................................................................... 36
4.2
The Result of Cycle I ............................................................................ 36
4.3
The Result of Cycle II ........................................................................... 52
4.4
The Result of Cycle III ......................................................................... 68
xiv
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1
Discussion ............................................................................................ 82
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1
Conclusion ............................................................................................ 85
6.2
Suggestion ............................................................................................. 87
BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 88
APPENDICES ................................................................................................... 90
xv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1
Oral Proficiency Scoring Categories ............................................ 33
Table 3.2
Teaching successful criterion ........................................................ 34
Table 4.1
The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’
Activities in Cycle I in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching to Improve Vocabulary Mastery for the
fifth grade Students of SD 2 Kedungdowo in the Academic
Year 2011/2012 Ostensive Teaching in Cycle I ........................... 39
Table 4.2
The Score of Achievement Test of Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching in Cycle I ........................................... 47
Table 4.3
The Result of Questionnaire in Cycle I to Know the
Teacher’s Problem in Teaching English to Improve
Vocabulary Mastery by Using Ostensive Teaching ..................... 49
Table 4.4
The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’
Activities in Cycle II in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching to Improve Vocabulary Mastery for the
fifth grade Students of SD 2 Kedungdowo in the Academic
Year 2011/2012 ............................................................................. 54
Table 4.5
The Score of Achievement Test of Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching in Cycle II .......................................... 63
Table 4.6
The Result of Questionnaire in Cycle II to Know the
Teacher’s Problem in Teaching English to Improve
Vocabulary Mastery by Using Ostensive Teaching ..................... 65
Table 4.7
The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’
Activities in Cycle III in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching to Improve Vocabulary Mastery for the
fifth grade Students of SD 2 Kedungdowo in the Academic
Year 2011/2012 ............................................................................. 70
xvi
Table 4.8
The Score of Achievement Test of Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching in Cycle III ......................................... 77
Table 4.9
The Result of Questionnaire in Cycle III to Know the
Teacher’s Problem in Teaching English to Improve
Vocabulary Mastery by Using Ostensive Teaching ..................... 79
xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Lesson Plan Cycle I ........................................................................ 90
Appendix 2 Material in Cycle I .......................................................................... 93
Appendix 3 Test cycle I ..................................................................................... 94
Appendix 4 Student’s Works cycle I ................................................................. 95
Appendix 5 The Lay-Out of Observation to Know the Teacher’s and
Students’ Activities in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching cycle I ........................................................... 98
Appendix 6 The Lay-Out Questionnaire to Know the Teacher’s Problem
in Teaching English to Improve Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching cycle I ................................................ 100
Appendix 7 Lesson Plan Cycle II ...................................................................... 101
Appendix 8 Material in Cycle II ........................................................................ 104
Appendix 9 Test cycle II .................................................................................... 105
Appendix 10 Student’s Works cycle II .............................................................. 106
Appendix 11 The Lay-Out of Observation to Know the Teacher’s and
Students’ Activities in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching cycle II .......................................................... 109
Appendix 12 The Lay-Out Questionnaire to Know the Teacher’s Problem
in Teaching English to Improve Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching cycle II ............................................... 111
Appendix 13 Lesson Plan Cycle III ................................................................... 112
Appendix 14 Material in Cycle III ..................................................................... 115
Appendix 15 Test cycle III ................................................................................. 116
Appendix 16 Student’s Works cycle III ............................................................. 117
Appendix 17 The Lay-Out of Observation to Know the Teacher’s and
Students’ Activities in Teaching English by Using
Ostensive Teaching cycle III ........................................................ 120
xviii
Appendix 18 The Lay-Out Questionnaire to Know the Teacher’s Problem
in Teaching English to Improve Vocabulary Mastery by
Using Ostensive Teaching cycle III .............................................. 122
xix