INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 METHODOLOGY 20 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 29

iv TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract i Abstrak ii Acknowledgement iii Table of Content iv List of Tables viii List of Figures ix List Abbreviations xi

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background

1 1.2 Problem statement 2

1.3 Objectives

3 1.4 Scope and limitation 3

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 4

2.1 CNC Lathe Machining

4 2.1.1 Processes 5 2.1.1.1Facing 6 2.1.1.2Turning 6 2.1.1.3 Parting 6

2.1.1.4 Drilling

6 2.1.1.5 Boring 7

2.1.1.6 Grooving

7 2.1.1.7 Threading 7

2.1.2 Cutting Tools

7 2.1.2.1 High speed steel 8

2.1.2.2 Carbide

8 2.1.2.3 Ceramic 9 v

2.2 Machining time and cost calculation

9 2.2.2 Machining time calculation 10 2.2.2.1 Fixed time elements 10 2.2.2.2 Piece related element 11 2.2.3 Cost calculation and estimation 14 2.2.2.1 Machining cost 15 2.2.2.2 Material and tool cost 16 2.2.2.3 Factory overhead 16 2.2.2.4 Labor cost. 16 2.2.2.5 Machine amortization 17 2.3 Microsoft Office 17 2.3.1 Microsoft Office Excel 17 2.4 Machining time and cost estimation system 18

3. METHODOLOGY 20

3.1 Identify project title 23 3.2 Project details discussion 23 3.3 Literature review 23 3.4 Define the problem statement, objective, and scope. 24 3.5 Information collection 24 3.5.1 Interviews 24 3.5.2 Observation 25 3.6 Methodology 25 3.7 Software development 25 3.7.1 Analyze current method to calculate the machining time and cost 26 3.7.2 Sorting the relevant element and data input for the software 26 3.7.3 Translate the relevant element and data to Microsoft Excel 2007 Databases 26 3.7.4 Develop the software 26 3.7.5 Testing and verification 27 vi 3.7.6 Result comparison 27 3.8 Completing report and submission 28

4. DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 29

4.1 Software Introduction 29 4.2 Create the main and database sheet 30 4.3 Create machining process sheet 35 4.3.1 Turning process sheet 35 4.3.2 Facing process sheet 37 4.3.3 Drilling process sheet 38 4.3.4 Parting process sheet 39 4.3.5 Boring process sheet 41 4.3.6 Grooving process sheet 42 4.2.7 Threading process sheet 42 4.3 Conditional formatting 44 4.4 Sheet duplication 45 4.5 Cost calculation sheet 45 4.6 Change background colour and add hyperlink 46 4.7 Data and formulation protection development 47

5. RESULT AND ANALYSIS