INTRODUCTION Effectiveness Of Corn Oil And Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) As Antioxidant In Four Stroke Motorcycle Engine.

v TABLE OF CONTENT Abstrak i Abstract ii Dedication iii Acknowledgement iv Table of Content v List of Tables viii List of Figures ix List of Symbol x List Abbreviations, Symbols and Nomenclatures xi

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of lubricant 1 1.2 Vegetable oil in motor lubricant 2 1.3 Problem statement 3 1.4 Objective 4 1.5 Work scope 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Lubricant 6 2.1.1 Liquid lubricants 7 2.1.2 Solid lubricants 8 2.1.3 Semi-solid lubricants 8 2.2 Mineral oil as lubricant 9 2.3 Vegetable oil as lubricant 10 2.3.1 Corn Oil 12 2.3.2 Olive Oil 12 2.3.3 Palm Oil 13 2.3.4 Canola Oil 14 vi 2.3.5 Karanja Oil 14 2.4 Additive Response 15 2.4.1 Oxidation 17 2.4.2 Anti-Freeze 18 2.4.3 Detergent 18 2.4.4 Anti-Wear 20 2.5 Anti-Oxidant 21 2.5.1 ZDDP 22 2.5.2 ZDDC 27 2.6 Four stroke motorcycle engine 28

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY