METHODOLOGY RESULT AND DISCUSSION

vi 2.3.5 Karanja Oil 14 2.4 Additive Response 15 2.4.1 Oxidation 17 2.4.2 Anti-Freeze 18 2.4.3 Detergent 18 2.4.4 Anti-Wear 20 2.5 Anti-Oxidant 21 2.5.1 ZDDP 22 2.5.2 ZDDC 27 2.6 Four stroke motorcycle engine 28

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research design 31 3.2 Material selection 32 3.2.1 Corn Oil 32 3.2.2 Anti-Oxidant 32 3.3 Sample Preparation 32 3.3.1 Blending 33 3.4 Sample Testing 34 3.4.1 ASTM D445 Kinematic viscosity 33 3.4.2 ASTM D3828 Flash point 34 3.4.3 ASTM D6595 Metal Content Determination 34 3.5 Sample Characterization 35 3.5.1 Lubricating in four strokes motorcycle engine 35 3.5.2 Engine 35 vii

CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Sample Preparation 36 4.2 Kinematic viscosity of fresh oil 37 4.3 Kinematic viscosity of used oil 38 4.4. Flash Point 41 4.5. Concentration of Phosphorus and Zinc of fresh oil 43

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION