VIOLATING MAXIMS IN “THE DILEMMA” MOVIE BASED ON GRICE’S COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES.
VIOLATING MAXIMS IN “THE DILEMMA” MOVIE BASED ON
GRICE’S COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES
A THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By:
ELKA FERNANDO L.TOBING
Registration Number: 209220011
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Elka Fernando L.Tobing. Student Registered Number 209220011. 2016.
Violating maxims in “The Dilemma” movie based on grice’s cooperative
principles. Thesis. Faculty of Language and Art, State University of Medan.
Advisor : Drs. Lidiman S.M Sinaga,M.Hum
This study focused on violation maxims that made by the main character in “The
Dilemma” movie. The research was conducted by using qualitative descriptive
research method. The data were collected from the script of “The Dilemma”
Movie. The findings of the thesis showed that there were 32 violating maxim
which classified into four types. They were violation maxim of quality
(17/25,37%), violation maxim of quantity(21/31,34%), violation maxim of
manner(21/31,34%) and violation maxim of relation(8/11,94%). The dominant
type of maxim that violated in “The Dilemma” Movie is violation maxim of
quantity and manner, both with 38% occurrances from the whole violation. The
main character made violation to both types of this maxims mostly intended to
keep some secret from others. In some condition he made the violation to create a
humors and funny conversation.
Keyword: Maxims, Violation,The Dilemma,Movie script..
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praise and greatest gratitude are due to Jesus Christ, whose compassion
and blessing have continuously enabled the writer to accomplish this Thesis. This
Thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra
of English And Literature Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State
University of Medan.
This Thesis owes its existence to the help, inspiration, support, and
encouragement of many people. The writer takes this opportunity to express his
thanks and appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Languages and Arts Faculty,
State University of Medan
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department.
Drs. Lidiman S.M Sinaga, M.Hum., his Thesis Advisor, whose
guidance, suggestions, and intellectual supports have helped his to
accomplish this Thesis.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English and Literature Department
and his Thesis Reviewer, who has contributed her critical, comments and
suggestions to revise this Thesis
Syamsul Bahri, SS., M.Hum the Head of English Literature Study
Program and also his Thesis Reviewer.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed, his Thesis Reviewer, who has
contributed her critical comments and suggestions to revise this Thesis
All Lectures of English and Literature Department, who have guided
and educated his during his academic years.Eis Sri Wahyuningsih,
M.Pd., the Administration Staff of English Department, who has helped to
fulfill the administrative requirements.
Pasifik L. Tobing and Meirita br. Hutapea, his beloved parents, who
have showed unconditional love, support, and sacrifice in his lifetime
particularly for encouraging his to finish this thesis.
His beloved siblings Melva Kristin L. Tobing, S.Pd., Andi Putra L.
Tobing and Weni Kartika L. Tobing, for their love, prayers and support.
His best friends: , who always be his companions in his ups and downs and
for always motivating his to finish his study.
And All of his friends who gives every single support no matter how much
it is. Especially Aini Melbeba Wati Saragih, SPd. for all her advance and
precious time, Teguh K.I Tarigan, Handrian Sigalingging, Junaidi, for
every moral support. Sukri, Daud, Gusti Dwi Nanda, Sartika, Nurul,
Hanna, for supporting each other in our “last battle” in last minute.
ii
The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. Thisefore,
any suggestions, comments, and critics for the improvement of this thesis are
greatly appreciated. He hopes that this thesis would be beneficial for those who
read it particularly for readers who are interested in conducting similar research.
Medan,
September 2016
Elka Fernando L. Tobing
Reg. No. 209220011
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................
LIST OF TABLE ......................................................................................
i
ii
iv
vi
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................
A. Background of the Study ................................................................
B. The Problems of the Study ..............................................................
C. The Scope of the Study ..................................................................
D. The Objective of the Study ............................................................
E. The Significance of the Study .........................................................
1
1
4
4
4
5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................
A. Theoretical Framework ..................................................................
1. Pragmatics ..................................................................................
2. Coopertive Principle ...................................................................
a. Maxim of Quantity.................................................................
b. Maxim of Quality...................................................................
c. Maxim of Relation .................................................................
d. Maxim of Manner ..................................................................
3. Violated Maxim .........................................................................
a. Violated Maxim of Quantity ..................................................
b. Violated Maxim of Quality ..................................................
c. Violated maxim of Relation ...................................................
d. Violated Maxim of Manner ...................................................
4. The Purpose of Violating Maxim ..............................................
a. To Show Respect ..................................................................
b. To Create Hyperbole And Irony ............................................
c. To Change a Topic .................................................................
d. To Keep a Secret ....................................................................
e. To Create Humors ..................................................................
5. Movie .........................................................................................
6. “The Dilemma” Movie ..............................................................
B. Relevant Study ................................................................................
C. Conceptual Framework ...................................................................
CHAPTER III. METHOD OF RESEARCH .........................................
A. Research Design .............................................................................
B. The Source of Data ........................................................................
C. Technique for Collecting Data .......................................................
D. Technique for Analyzing Data .......................................................
6
6
6
7
8
9
9
10
10
11
12
13
13
14
14
14
15
16
16
18
19
21
22
24
24
24
24
26
iv
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ...................................
A. Data .................................................................................................
B. Data analysis ...................................................................................
1. Discussion on the data analysis ..................................................
a. Violating maxims quantity.....................................................
b. Violating Maxims of Manners ...............................................
c. Violating Maxims of Quality .................................................
d. Violating Maxims of Relation ...............................................
C. Research Findings ...........................................................................
D. Discussion .......................................................................................
27
27
27
28
28
30
31
34
35
36
CHAPTER V .............................................................................................
A. Conclussion .....................................................................................
B. Suggestion .......................................................................................
38
38
39
REFERENCCES .......................................................................................
APPENDICES ...........................................................................................
40
41
v
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1. The total occurrence and percentage of types of violating
maxim in “The Dilemma” movie .............................................
vi
27
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
Language as a means of communication has an important role in our daily
life. In order to learn about the meaning of language, language user needs the
concept of language. Utterance types meaning are matter of preferred
interpretations (Levinson, 2000:1). Without language it will be difficult to
communicate and interact with each other. For example, a headache can provoke a
speaker to tell his friends about it because he needssome help to buy medicine.
The speaker would have to use signs such as pointing to his head, temples, or
eyes. He would not be able to tell at once what he mean by the signal which
actually indicates that he had a headache. There can be a misunderstanding. That
is why language is an important thing for human beings.
Language is related to communication and communication itself is
speaking which is done by having a conversation. A conversation is
communication by two or more people on a particular topic.When
communications occur, there are some rules to follow which commonly called
conversational maxims. The conversational maxim is a way to explain the link
between the utterances and what isunderstand from the hearer (Grundy, 2000)
Conversation needs someone to be the speaker and others to be the hearer. In
order to communicate accurately and efficiently, speaker and listener should try to
cooperate with one another to make the communication succeed. People have to
1
2
give contributions or messages, which can be understood by listener or hearer.
There are the rules called cooperative principle that should be obeyed in order to
achieve a cooperative communication among speaker and hearer. The Cooperative
Principle describes how people interact with one another. People use the
cooperative principle to cooperate with the others by giving some utterances
which can be understood easily, and to interpret those utterances by assuming that
those utterances are obeying the principle.Grice used the term maxims rather than
rules because conversational maxims may appear to be broken than grammatical
or phonological rules (Cole and Morgan, 1997)
Sometimes people break the cooperative principle in their conversation.
When the speaker does not fulfill or break the principle (maxims), the speaker is
said to “violate” the maxims. When the speaker violate the maxim, the
conversation between the speaker and the hearer can be unsuccessful since they
will misunderstand each other. Speaker who violate a maxim cause the hearer not
to know the truth and only understand the surface meaning of the speaker’s words.
For example, if Mary asks Elizabeth, “Where’s mom?”, and Elizabeth responds
Mary’s question, “Bedroom or kitchen.” Elizabeth does not give as much as
information as Mary wants about their mother’s exact location.
However, conversation itself consist of two kinds; written and spoken. We
can find the conversation in written such as movie scripts (screenplay) in a movie,
dialogues in a play, and in spoken such as talk shows or interviews in television.
Based on the explanation above, the writer choose movie as the object of
his research because it is one kind of visual communication which uses written
3
conversation (movie script).Some researchers actually have done the study about
Grice’s theory of cooperative principle. Irawati (1996) analyzed the conversation
in ‘Dunia Bintang’, an SCTV program, by using Grice’s theory of conversational
maxims to determine which conversational maxims are followed and violated
during the interview. She also used Geoffrey Leech’s theory tofind out why those
maxims are violated. She also uses Searle’s categories of illocutionary acts to
help categorizing the politeness principle maxim. Another researcher, Leonard
(2004) analyzed the flouting of Grice’s cooperative principle in “The Boy Comes
Home”.He focused only on how the maxims are violated. Thenext researcher is
Tandyo (2007) who studied about the violation of four maxims in the drama
“Desperate Housewives”, concerns with the conversations among the parents and
their children, consciously or unconsciously, she focused the violation of four
maxims whether maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation and
maxim of manner by Grice’s theory.
From the previous studies, this study has some differences from others.
The previous studies analyzed the violation of fourmaxims. In this research, The
writer focus more on ways why someone deliberately violates the maxims
and investigates which the utterances violate maxims from the conversations of
“The Dilemma” movie.
The writer also interested to analyze “The Dillema” movie because this
movie fill in with some joke that had violated maxims its self.The writer interest
in analyze maxim because the writer experience that not everyone knows about
4
maxim and they often break the rules in their conversation. Even the writer hisself
realizes that he also break the rules in his daily conversation with others.
B. The Problem of Study
Related to the background above, the problems of this study were
formulated as follows:
1. What types of maxims are violating in “The Dillema” movie?
2. Which maxim is dominantly violating in “The Dillema” movie?
3. Why the dominant maxim is violating in “The Dillema” movie?
C. The Scope of Study
This study focus on the violating of maxims as found in “The Dillema”
movie based on Grice’s theory namely Cooperative Principle. In order to have
specific research, the writer decided to limit the study only on the main
character’s dialogues which contain the violating of maxims.
D. The Objective of Study
In relation to the problem, the objectives of the study as follow:
1. To find out the types of violating maxim in “The Dillema” movie.
2. To find out the dominant violating of maxim in “The Dillema” movie.
3. To find out why maxims is violating in “The Dilemma” movie.
5
E. The Significance of Study
This study is conducted to give some benefits and contributions for the
writer and others who want to develop their knowledge about the Cooperative
Principle and Maxims. So, the research findings will be useful for:
1. The students of English Department in learning and understanding more
about cooperative principle and Maxims.
2. The readers who want to know about the cooperative principle and
Maxims.
3. The other researchers who want to do further research about cooperative
principle.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Based on the analysis of the main character dialogue in The Dilemma
movie’s script in the previous chapter, it can be concluded that :
1. There are four types of maxims which are violated by the main characters
in The Dilemma movie such as maxim of quality, quantity, relation, and
manner in responding the question or statement given by the other
characters. It caused by some factors such as the speakers use irony words,
say the utterances which have lack evidences, give untrue information,
give more or less information than is required, make unrelated respond
with the topic and say an obscurity expression.
2. The maxim which is dominantly violated in The Dilemma movie’s script
is maxim of quantity (21 occurrence,31,34 %) maxim of manner (21
occurrence, 31,34%%), quality ( 17 occurrence,25,37 %) and relation ( 8
occurrence,11,94 %).
3. The dominant of violating maxim occur is when the main character saying
too much and give unrequired information and also he makes some unclear
answers or statement for hide the truth and tells lie
39
40
B. Suggestions
Base on findings and conclusions, the writer would like to contribute some
suggestions as follows :
1. To English and Literature Department students of University of Medan,
who want to learn about maxims. Hopefully this research can give more
information about maxims.
2. It suggested that people can learn about maxims to make any
conversation as contributed as required
3. To the further researcher, particulary who have the same problem and
interested in conducting research, it is suggested that this study can be a
reference. Hopefully,there will be any further research
complete this research.
of how to
41
REFERENCES
Rahardi, R.Kunjana. (2008). PRAGMATIK : Kesantunan Imperatif Bahasa
Indonesia. Jakarta. Gelora Aksara Pratama.
Wahyuni, Fajar Indah.(Edisi I).2006. PRAGMATIK.Yogyakarta. Pustaka
Pelajar.
Attardo, Salvatore. 1988. Trends in European Humor Research : Toward a Texts
Model. HUMOR : International Journal of Humor Research. 1:4. 349-369.
Abduh, Muhammad. 2012. Examining The Gricean Maxims in “Facebook”
Conversation. Mataram: Mataram University.
Alduais, Ahmed Mohammed Saleh. 2012.Conversational Implicature (Flouting
the Maxims): Applying Conversational Maxims on Examples Taken from
Non Standard Arabic Language, Yemeni Dialect, an Idiolect Spoken at
IBB City. Journal of Sociological Research. Macrothink Institute.
Wallwork, Adrian. 2011. English for Writing Research Papers. New York: Springer.
Lightbown, Pasty. Spada, Nina. 1993. How Language and Learned. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Grice, H. 1975. Logic and Conversation~. Cole, P. and Morgan, J. (eds.). Syntax
and Semantics, volume 9: Pragmatics, p. 41-58. New York: Academic
Press
Leech, G. 1983. The Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman Group Limited.
Levinson, Stephen C. 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
Khosravizadeh, Parvaneh and Nikan Sadehvandi. 2011. Some Instances of
Violation and Flouting of the Maxim of Quantity by the Main Characters
(Barry & Tim) in Dinner for Schmucks. International Conference on
Languages, Literature and Linguistics IPEDR vol.26.
Weiwei Pan.2012. Linguistic Basis of Humor In Uses of Grice’s Cooperative
Principle. International Journal ofApplied Linguistics & English Literature
ISSN 2200-3592 (Print), ISSN 2200-3452 (Online) Vol. 1 No. 6;
November 2012. Retrieved on July 2, 2013.
GRICE’S COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES
A THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By:
ELKA FERNANDO L.TOBING
Registration Number: 209220011
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Elka Fernando L.Tobing. Student Registered Number 209220011. 2016.
Violating maxims in “The Dilemma” movie based on grice’s cooperative
principles. Thesis. Faculty of Language and Art, State University of Medan.
Advisor : Drs. Lidiman S.M Sinaga,M.Hum
This study focused on violation maxims that made by the main character in “The
Dilemma” movie. The research was conducted by using qualitative descriptive
research method. The data were collected from the script of “The Dilemma”
Movie. The findings of the thesis showed that there were 32 violating maxim
which classified into four types. They were violation maxim of quality
(17/25,37%), violation maxim of quantity(21/31,34%), violation maxim of
manner(21/31,34%) and violation maxim of relation(8/11,94%). The dominant
type of maxim that violated in “The Dilemma” Movie is violation maxim of
quantity and manner, both with 38% occurrances from the whole violation. The
main character made violation to both types of this maxims mostly intended to
keep some secret from others. In some condition he made the violation to create a
humors and funny conversation.
Keyword: Maxims, Violation,The Dilemma,Movie script..
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praise and greatest gratitude are due to Jesus Christ, whose compassion
and blessing have continuously enabled the writer to accomplish this Thesis. This
Thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra
of English And Literature Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State
University of Medan.
This Thesis owes its existence to the help, inspiration, support, and
encouragement of many people. The writer takes this opportunity to express his
thanks and appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Languages and Arts Faculty,
State University of Medan
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department.
Drs. Lidiman S.M Sinaga, M.Hum., his Thesis Advisor, whose
guidance, suggestions, and intellectual supports have helped his to
accomplish this Thesis.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English and Literature Department
and his Thesis Reviewer, who has contributed her critical, comments and
suggestions to revise this Thesis
Syamsul Bahri, SS., M.Hum the Head of English Literature Study
Program and also his Thesis Reviewer.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed, his Thesis Reviewer, who has
contributed her critical comments and suggestions to revise this Thesis
All Lectures of English and Literature Department, who have guided
and educated his during his academic years.Eis Sri Wahyuningsih,
M.Pd., the Administration Staff of English Department, who has helped to
fulfill the administrative requirements.
Pasifik L. Tobing and Meirita br. Hutapea, his beloved parents, who
have showed unconditional love, support, and sacrifice in his lifetime
particularly for encouraging his to finish this thesis.
His beloved siblings Melva Kristin L. Tobing, S.Pd., Andi Putra L.
Tobing and Weni Kartika L. Tobing, for their love, prayers and support.
His best friends: , who always be his companions in his ups and downs and
for always motivating his to finish his study.
And All of his friends who gives every single support no matter how much
it is. Especially Aini Melbeba Wati Saragih, SPd. for all her advance and
precious time, Teguh K.I Tarigan, Handrian Sigalingging, Junaidi, for
every moral support. Sukri, Daud, Gusti Dwi Nanda, Sartika, Nurul,
Hanna, for supporting each other in our “last battle” in last minute.
ii
The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. Thisefore,
any suggestions, comments, and critics for the improvement of this thesis are
greatly appreciated. He hopes that this thesis would be beneficial for those who
read it particularly for readers who are interested in conducting similar research.
Medan,
September 2016
Elka Fernando L. Tobing
Reg. No. 209220011
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................
LIST OF TABLE ......................................................................................
i
ii
iv
vi
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................
A. Background of the Study ................................................................
B. The Problems of the Study ..............................................................
C. The Scope of the Study ..................................................................
D. The Objective of the Study ............................................................
E. The Significance of the Study .........................................................
1
1
4
4
4
5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................
A. Theoretical Framework ..................................................................
1. Pragmatics ..................................................................................
2. Coopertive Principle ...................................................................
a. Maxim of Quantity.................................................................
b. Maxim of Quality...................................................................
c. Maxim of Relation .................................................................
d. Maxim of Manner ..................................................................
3. Violated Maxim .........................................................................
a. Violated Maxim of Quantity ..................................................
b. Violated Maxim of Quality ..................................................
c. Violated maxim of Relation ...................................................
d. Violated Maxim of Manner ...................................................
4. The Purpose of Violating Maxim ..............................................
a. To Show Respect ..................................................................
b. To Create Hyperbole And Irony ............................................
c. To Change a Topic .................................................................
d. To Keep a Secret ....................................................................
e. To Create Humors ..................................................................
5. Movie .........................................................................................
6. “The Dilemma” Movie ..............................................................
B. Relevant Study ................................................................................
C. Conceptual Framework ...................................................................
CHAPTER III. METHOD OF RESEARCH .........................................
A. Research Design .............................................................................
B. The Source of Data ........................................................................
C. Technique for Collecting Data .......................................................
D. Technique for Analyzing Data .......................................................
6
6
6
7
8
9
9
10
10
11
12
13
13
14
14
14
15
16
16
18
19
21
22
24
24
24
24
26
iv
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ...................................
A. Data .................................................................................................
B. Data analysis ...................................................................................
1. Discussion on the data analysis ..................................................
a. Violating maxims quantity.....................................................
b. Violating Maxims of Manners ...............................................
c. Violating Maxims of Quality .................................................
d. Violating Maxims of Relation ...............................................
C. Research Findings ...........................................................................
D. Discussion .......................................................................................
27
27
27
28
28
30
31
34
35
36
CHAPTER V .............................................................................................
A. Conclussion .....................................................................................
B. Suggestion .......................................................................................
38
38
39
REFERENCCES .......................................................................................
APPENDICES ...........................................................................................
40
41
v
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1. The total occurrence and percentage of types of violating
maxim in “The Dilemma” movie .............................................
vi
27
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
Language as a means of communication has an important role in our daily
life. In order to learn about the meaning of language, language user needs the
concept of language. Utterance types meaning are matter of preferred
interpretations (Levinson, 2000:1). Without language it will be difficult to
communicate and interact with each other. For example, a headache can provoke a
speaker to tell his friends about it because he needssome help to buy medicine.
The speaker would have to use signs such as pointing to his head, temples, or
eyes. He would not be able to tell at once what he mean by the signal which
actually indicates that he had a headache. There can be a misunderstanding. That
is why language is an important thing for human beings.
Language is related to communication and communication itself is
speaking which is done by having a conversation. A conversation is
communication by two or more people on a particular topic.When
communications occur, there are some rules to follow which commonly called
conversational maxims. The conversational maxim is a way to explain the link
between the utterances and what isunderstand from the hearer (Grundy, 2000)
Conversation needs someone to be the speaker and others to be the hearer. In
order to communicate accurately and efficiently, speaker and listener should try to
cooperate with one another to make the communication succeed. People have to
1
2
give contributions or messages, which can be understood by listener or hearer.
There are the rules called cooperative principle that should be obeyed in order to
achieve a cooperative communication among speaker and hearer. The Cooperative
Principle describes how people interact with one another. People use the
cooperative principle to cooperate with the others by giving some utterances
which can be understood easily, and to interpret those utterances by assuming that
those utterances are obeying the principle.Grice used the term maxims rather than
rules because conversational maxims may appear to be broken than grammatical
or phonological rules (Cole and Morgan, 1997)
Sometimes people break the cooperative principle in their conversation.
When the speaker does not fulfill or break the principle (maxims), the speaker is
said to “violate” the maxims. When the speaker violate the maxim, the
conversation between the speaker and the hearer can be unsuccessful since they
will misunderstand each other. Speaker who violate a maxim cause the hearer not
to know the truth and only understand the surface meaning of the speaker’s words.
For example, if Mary asks Elizabeth, “Where’s mom?”, and Elizabeth responds
Mary’s question, “Bedroom or kitchen.” Elizabeth does not give as much as
information as Mary wants about their mother’s exact location.
However, conversation itself consist of two kinds; written and spoken. We
can find the conversation in written such as movie scripts (screenplay) in a movie,
dialogues in a play, and in spoken such as talk shows or interviews in television.
Based on the explanation above, the writer choose movie as the object of
his research because it is one kind of visual communication which uses written
3
conversation (movie script).Some researchers actually have done the study about
Grice’s theory of cooperative principle. Irawati (1996) analyzed the conversation
in ‘Dunia Bintang’, an SCTV program, by using Grice’s theory of conversational
maxims to determine which conversational maxims are followed and violated
during the interview. She also used Geoffrey Leech’s theory tofind out why those
maxims are violated. She also uses Searle’s categories of illocutionary acts to
help categorizing the politeness principle maxim. Another researcher, Leonard
(2004) analyzed the flouting of Grice’s cooperative principle in “The Boy Comes
Home”.He focused only on how the maxims are violated. Thenext researcher is
Tandyo (2007) who studied about the violation of four maxims in the drama
“Desperate Housewives”, concerns with the conversations among the parents and
their children, consciously or unconsciously, she focused the violation of four
maxims whether maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation and
maxim of manner by Grice’s theory.
From the previous studies, this study has some differences from others.
The previous studies analyzed the violation of fourmaxims. In this research, The
writer focus more on ways why someone deliberately violates the maxims
and investigates which the utterances violate maxims from the conversations of
“The Dilemma” movie.
The writer also interested to analyze “The Dillema” movie because this
movie fill in with some joke that had violated maxims its self.The writer interest
in analyze maxim because the writer experience that not everyone knows about
4
maxim and they often break the rules in their conversation. Even the writer hisself
realizes that he also break the rules in his daily conversation with others.
B. The Problem of Study
Related to the background above, the problems of this study were
formulated as follows:
1. What types of maxims are violating in “The Dillema” movie?
2. Which maxim is dominantly violating in “The Dillema” movie?
3. Why the dominant maxim is violating in “The Dillema” movie?
C. The Scope of Study
This study focus on the violating of maxims as found in “The Dillema”
movie based on Grice’s theory namely Cooperative Principle. In order to have
specific research, the writer decided to limit the study only on the main
character’s dialogues which contain the violating of maxims.
D. The Objective of Study
In relation to the problem, the objectives of the study as follow:
1. To find out the types of violating maxim in “The Dillema” movie.
2. To find out the dominant violating of maxim in “The Dillema” movie.
3. To find out why maxims is violating in “The Dilemma” movie.
5
E. The Significance of Study
This study is conducted to give some benefits and contributions for the
writer and others who want to develop their knowledge about the Cooperative
Principle and Maxims. So, the research findings will be useful for:
1. The students of English Department in learning and understanding more
about cooperative principle and Maxims.
2. The readers who want to know about the cooperative principle and
Maxims.
3. The other researchers who want to do further research about cooperative
principle.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Based on the analysis of the main character dialogue in The Dilemma
movie’s script in the previous chapter, it can be concluded that :
1. There are four types of maxims which are violated by the main characters
in The Dilemma movie such as maxim of quality, quantity, relation, and
manner in responding the question or statement given by the other
characters. It caused by some factors such as the speakers use irony words,
say the utterances which have lack evidences, give untrue information,
give more or less information than is required, make unrelated respond
with the topic and say an obscurity expression.
2. The maxim which is dominantly violated in The Dilemma movie’s script
is maxim of quantity (21 occurrence,31,34 %) maxim of manner (21
occurrence, 31,34%%), quality ( 17 occurrence,25,37 %) and relation ( 8
occurrence,11,94 %).
3. The dominant of violating maxim occur is when the main character saying
too much and give unrequired information and also he makes some unclear
answers or statement for hide the truth and tells lie
39
40
B. Suggestions
Base on findings and conclusions, the writer would like to contribute some
suggestions as follows :
1. To English and Literature Department students of University of Medan,
who want to learn about maxims. Hopefully this research can give more
information about maxims.
2. It suggested that people can learn about maxims to make any
conversation as contributed as required
3. To the further researcher, particulary who have the same problem and
interested in conducting research, it is suggested that this study can be a
reference. Hopefully,there will be any further research
complete this research.
of how to
41
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