THE STUDY OF VIOLATING MAXIMS USED THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN ANOTHER CINDERELLA STORY MOVIE.

THE STUDY OF VIOLATING MAXIMS USED BY THE MAIN
CHARACTERS IN ANOTHER CINDERELLA STORY MOVIE

A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of
English Department Faculty of Letters and Humanities the State Islamic
University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:
NAILATUL UMNIYATI
Reg. Number: A03212057
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL
SURABAYA
2016

ABSTRACT
Umniyati, Nailatul. 2016. The Study of Violating Maxims Used by the Main
Characters in Another Cinderella Story Movie. English Department, Faculty
of Arts and Humanities, State Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Advisor: Raudlotul Jannah, MApp.Ling
Key words: Cooperative Principles, Violating maxims, “Another Cinderella Story”
movie.
This study deals with the violation of maxims in the movie entitled ‘Another
Cinderella Story. The aims of this study are two. The first is to find out the types of
violating maxims used by the main characters in Another Cinderella Story movie.
The second is to know the main characters’ reason why they violate the maxims in
Another Cinderella Story movie.
In this research, the writer used descriptive research in which the writer
analyzed why the violation of the maxim happened in Another Cinderella Story
movie. The writer explained and described the data found in the movie. This research
focused on the types of violation maxims and the reasons used by the main characters
in Another Cinderella Story movie. To analyze the types of violation of maxims, the
writer used cooperative principles theory by Grice (1975). Then, the writer also used
Christoffersen’s theory to analyze the reason why violating the maxims happened.
The results of this study were found all types of violation. Those are violating
the maxim of quantity, violating the maxims of quality, violating the maxim of
relation, and violating the maxim of manner. And the reason of violating maxims are
hiding the truth, saving face, feeling jealous about something, avoiding to hurt the
hearer, ignoring the hearer, to make the hearer tell to the point, satisfying the hearer,

and convincing the hearer.

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ABSTRAK
Umniyati, Nailatul. 2016. The Study of Violating Maxims Used by the Main
Characters in Another Cinderella Story Movie. English Department, Faculty
of Arts and Humanities, State Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Pembimbing: Raudlotul Jannah, M.App.Ling.
Kata Kunci: Cooperative Principles, Violating maxims, “Another Cinderella Story”
movie.
Penelitian ini membahas tentang pelanggaran maksim di film yang berjudul
‘Another Cinderella Story’. Ada dua tujuan dari penelitian ini. Yang pertama adalah
untuk menemukan jenis-jenis dari pelanggaran maksim yang di gunakan oleh
pemeran utama di film Another Cinderella Story. Yang kedua adalah untuk
mengetahui alasan dari pemeran utama mengapa mereka melanggar maksim di film
Another Cinderella Story.
Penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif yang mana penulis

menganalisa mengapa pelanggaran maksim terjadi di film Another Cinderella Story.
Penulis menjelaskan dan mendeskripsikan data yang mana datany ditemukan di film.
Penelitian ini focus pada tipe dari pelanggaran maksim dan alasannya yang dilakukan
oleh pemeran utama di film Another Cinderella Story. Untuk menganalisis tipe dari
pelanggaran maksim, penulis menggunakan teori prinsip-prinsip dalam
berkomunikasi dari Grice (1975). Kemudian penulis juga menggunakan teori dari
Christoffersen untuk menganalisis alasan mengapa pelanggaran maksim terjadi.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah di temukan semua jenis pelangggaran maksim.
Pelanggaran tersebut adalah pelanggaran maksim kuantity, pelanggaran maksim
kuality, pelanggaran maksin hubungan, dan pelanggaran maksim cara. Dan alasan
dari pelanggaran maksim adalah menyembunyikan kebenaran, menjaga harga diri,
merasa cemburu pada sesuatu, menghindari menyakiti pendengar, menolak
pendengar, untuk membuat pendengar berbicara secara langsung, memuaskaan
pendengar, dan meyakinkan pendengar.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Inside Cover Page ...............................................................................................................

i

Inside Title Page.................................................................................................................. ii
Declaration Page ................................................................................................................. iii
Motto ................................................................................................................................... iv
Dedication Page ................................................................................................................. v
Thesis Advisor’s Approval Page ......................................................................................... vi
Thesis Examiner’s Approval Page ...................................................................................... vii
Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. viii
Table of Content ................................................................................................................. ix
Abstract .............................................................................................................................. xii
Intisari ................................................................................................................................ xiii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems .......................................................................................... 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................... 5

1.4 Significance of the Study ............................................................................................. 6
1.5 Scope and Limitation .................................................................................................. 6
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................................................. 6

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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................ 8
2.11 Pragmatics ............................................................................................................ 8
2.1.2 Context ................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.3 Cooperative Principles ......................................................................................... 10
2.14 Violating Maxims ................................................................................................ 13
2.1.5 Cristoffersen’s Classification .............................................................................. 16
2.2 Related Studies ............................................................................................................. 19

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Approach ..................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Instrument ................................................................................................................... 21

3.3 Data and Data Source .................................................................................................. 22
3.4 Data Collection ........................................................................................................... 22
3.5 Data Analysis .............................................................................................................. 24

CHAPTER VI FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Findings ....................................................................................................................... 24
4.2 Discussion ................................................................................................................... 51

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 54
5.2 Suggestion .................................................................................................................... 55

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 56
APPENDIX

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study
A good communication can be well achieved when speaker and hearer can
understand each other. In communication, people try to convey ideas and information
by producing utterances. The speaker must share ideas or messages clearly to the
hearer to avoid misunderstanding between them. In order to run effective and
cooperative communication, the hearer needs to know what the speaker meant by
giving the required information. Required information means information which is
needed by the hearer.
There is a set of rules for effective communication. First, the communication
must be informative means what the speaker wants to say must be properly spoken.
Second, truthfulness means a speaker must deliver true ideas, avoiding the lack
convincing or hesitating idea. Third, the communication must be relevance to the
truth condition meaning the speakers are assumed to say which is appropriate and
suitable to the need of the conversation. When the purpose of the conversation to give

information, it must be match by giving the information what the hearer need. And
the fourth rule of the communication is the idea must be clear. In this case, the
speaker has to avoid ambiguity or giving slang in front of people who do not
understand it.

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Those set of rules are in line with what so called Grice’s maxims. Grice’s
maxim is the principle of cooperative communication. The first maxim is called
maxim of quantity in which people should make their contribution as informative as
required. The second maxim is maxim of quality. In this maxim people should give
the truth information or what they say must be true. Not telling the lie or hesitate. Be
sides, the conversation must be relevance to the interaction. People are assumed to
say something which is relevant to what has been said before. This relevance
conversation is called maxim of relation. Moreover the fourth maxim is maxim of
manner in which people must give clear idea, and do not use ambiguous language.

(Paltridge, 2007:62).
Successful conversation occurs when the cooperative principles match. But in
reality, people usually disobey the Grice’s maxims. They sometimes break the rule of
maxims of quality, quantity, relevance, and manner. Grice (1975) explained that
intentionally breaking the rules in conversation to achieve some purposes is called
violating maxims (Sadehvandi, and Khosravizadeh 2011: vol.26 page 122). There are
many purposes why people violate the maxims. The possible purpose is that they
want to mislead the other person. The speakers can be said to violate maxim when
they know that the hearer not know the truth and only understand the meaning of
words.
There are many reasons why a speaker violates the maxims. One of them is to
hide the truth. For example taken from the expert of a film Desperate Housewives.

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(Setting: Outside Susan’s House. Susan is washing the trailer when Tom
approaches.)
Tom : Susan, have you talked to Lynette?

Susan : Um, no. Have you tried her cell?”
Tom : Yeah, she isn’t picking up. Do you know where she is?
Susan : Uh, no, I’m sorry.
Tom : Susan, I think you do.
Susan : I really don’t, Tom. . Is everything okay?
(Tupan and Natalia, 2008. Vol 10 page 27)

Susan lied to Tom that she did not know where Lynette was.
Fact: Susan lied dialed Lynette’s cell phone and told her that Tom tried to
look for his wife and sons.
In this case, Susan lied to Tom that she did not know where Lynette was.
However, the truth was Susan knew where exactly Lynette and her children were.
Susan did it because she had promised Lynnette to keep silent when Tom asked about
it. Susan wanted to protect Lynette and did not want to impede Lynette’s family
problem.
When tom asked Susan where Lynette was, Susan was uninformative by
giving too short answer. Besides, she also tried to change the topic of the
conversation by asking Tom back whether he had tried Lynette’s cell phone or not
when she said “Have you tried her cell?”, so that tom would believe that Susan had
nothing to do with it. Thus, Susan violated maxim of quantity by giving too short,

uninformative and unclear information. She also violated maxim of relevance by
changing the topic of the conversation and avoided talking about it when she asked
“is everything okay?”

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She violated three of the four maxims because she wanted to concern about
someone’s positive face, that is, to hide the truth that she actually knew where
Lynette and her sons were without hurting tom’s feeling. Susan wanted to cheer Tom
by giving no accusation to him and at the same time also to cheer Lynette her secret.
From the example of that film, we can know that violating maxims often
occurs in communication and has many reasons to violate the maxims. The writer
thinks that she needs to analyze or learn about violating maxims and the reasons
deeply why violating the maxims happened. From Desperate House film, it possible,
there are different reasons why violating maxims happened in other object. And she
takes a movie to be object of her analyze about violating the maxims.
The object of this study is a movie entitled “Another Cinderella Story”. It is
retelling of Cinderella fairy tale in a modern setting. It combines the elements of
family, romance, music, and comedy. This movie tells about struggling to achieve
several dreams in love and career. The writer focuses on the utterances which
violated by Mary and Joey as the main characters. The beautiful Mary has dance
talent which makes Joey Parker fall in love. The stepmother and stepsisters are
jealous to Mary because Joe Parker always cares and supports Mary. Mary’s
stepmother and stepsisters always prevent what Mary’s worked. There are several
utterances which the main characters violate the maxims. So that’s way the writer
wanted to analyze why the utterances violate the maxims.
In this study the writer uses Grice’s cooperative principles. The writer also
uses Christoffersen’s classification. Christoffersen’s classification is the reasons of

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5

violating the maxims that proposed by Christoffersen. The reasons are hiding the
truth, satisfying the hearer, cheering the hearer, saving face, avoiding to hurt the
hearer, feeling jealous about something, convincing the hearer, and building one’s
belief. From those reasons, the writer tries to analyze the reasons why violating the
maxims happened in her data. It possible her data match or different with
Christoffersen’s classification.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
Based on the background of the study, the statement of the problem can be
stated as follow:
1. What kinds of maxims are violated by the main characters in Another Cinderella
Story movie?
2. Why are the maxims violated by the main characters in Another Cinderella Story?

1.3 Objectives of the Study
This study provides the answer from the problems stated previously. The
objectives of the study are:
1.

To describe the types of maxims violated by the main characters in A Cinderella
Story movie.

2. To explain the reason why the main characters violate the maxims in Another
Cinderella Story movie.

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1.4 Significance of the Study
This study can be useful for two parties:
1. To the writer herself. By doing this research, the writer reinforces her knowledge
because she would apply about Grice’s maxims and Christoffersen’s
classification into a real data which taken from the movie.
2. This research is expected to be very useful for those who are interested in doing
research related to violating the maxims.

1.5 Scope and Limitation
This is a pragmatics studies. The data focuses on the utterances spoken of the
main characters in Another Cinderella Story movie. There are two main characters,
they are Mary Santiago and Joey Parker. These main characters have the important
part of the story because they can flow the story from the movie. Moreover this study
is limited on Grice’s theory of cooperative principles and Christoffersen’s
classification to get the meaning which is contained the utterances of the main
characters in the movie.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding of the key term in this study, the writer
explains the definition of some key terms as follow:
Cooperative Principles

: means a set of principles proposed by Grice. The principles
are informative, truthfully, be relevant, and be clear.

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Maxims

: the rules that must be fulfill to support successful
conversation. These maxims refer to Grice’s maxims. The
maxims are contained (1) Maxim of quantity means giving
necessarily information. (2) Maxim of quality means truth
information (3) Maxim of relation means the information
must be relevant to topic. (4) Maxims of manner means
clear idea, avoiding ambiguity.

Violating Maxims

: Violating Maxims take place when speakers intentionally
refrain to apply certain maxims in their conversation to
achieve some other purposes (Grice in IPER, 2011: vol.26
page 123). Some reasons which violate the maxims are
hiding the truth, satisfying the hearer, cheering the hearer,
saving face, avoiding to hurt the hearer, feeling jealous
about something, convincing the hearer, and building
one’s belief.

Another Cinderella story : it is teen comedy musical dance movie directed by Damon
Santostef and was released on September 16, 2008. This
movie starred by Selena Gomez as Mary Santiago and
Drew Seeley as Joey Parker. They are the main characters
in this movie. The main character is the superior part of
the story, because his position can influence audiences.

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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Theoretical Framework
In this chapter the writer explains some theories which are related to this
study about pragmatics, context, and focuses on cooperative principles theory and
violating maxims.

2.1.1

Pragmatics
A successful communication is not only knowing the meaning of words in an

utterance, but also knowing what speakers mean by their utterances. The study of
what speaker mean is called pragmatics (Yule, 2010:127). Forrester (1996:54) states
that pragmatics is an approach to the meaning. The speakers can talk about people’s
intended meaning, share their assumption, expectation, purposes or goals, and the
kinds of actions (for example, request) when they try to communicate (Yule, 1996:4).
In this case, by studying pragmatics, the hearer can understand what the speaker
meant to make a good communication.
There are four areas that pragmatics concerned. The first, pragmatics is the
study of speaker meaning. The second area, pragmatics is the study of how gets
communicated more than is said. The third, pragmatics is the study of expression of
relative distance, and the fourth rule, pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning
(Yule, 1996:3). In other word, pragmatics dealing with two things, language and its

8

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9

context. It interprets what the speaker mean in context and how context influences
what is said. For example, in sentence It’s very hot here comes to be interpreted as
Turn on the fan or open the window. Thus, this study is to help people to understand
what the speaker mean.

2.1.2

Context
Pragmatics deals with the meaning of words in context and assumptions of

knowledge that speaker and hearer share (Cutting, 2002:3). There are two kinds of
context. Those are linguistic context, situational context. Yule (2006:114) states that
linguistics context also known as co-text. Co-text has a strong effect on what we think
the word probably means. Such as the word fine, as a homonym, it is a single form
with more than one meaning. If the word fine is used with word paying, absolutely
we are easy deciding which type of fine is a punishment which involve money to
redeem. However, if someone says that she looks fine today, we will know from
linguistic context which explain about feeling.
Situational context happened when speakers know about what they can see
around them. Cutting (2000:4) defines that the situational context is the immediate
physical co-presence, the situational where the interaction is taking place at the
moment of speaking. In this case, demonstrative pronouns like “that”, “it”, or “this”,
etc are used for pointing to something or an entity that the speaker and hearer can see.
For example: (this time from the house)

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Mother : what is that?
Son : that is a bird.
The situational context is in the house and presumably the mother and her son
pointing to either the animal or picture. The word “that” refers to the picture of a bird.
2.1.3

Cooperative Principles
An underlying assumption in most conversational exchanges seems

participants are cooperating with each other. Grice in Paltridge (2007:61) argues that
to a person ca interpret what someone else says, some kinds of cooperative principles
must be assumed to be in operation. The cooperative principles are stated by Grice in
the following terms: Make your conversational contribution such as is required
which it occurs, by the accepted purpose of the talk exchange in which you are
engaged (Yule, 1996:37). Cooperative principles are set of rules to describe how
speaker and hearer cooperate in their conversation. The function of cooperative
principles is to make the speaker and the hearer understand each other.
Speaker and hearer must obey cooperative principles in their communication
which is expected to make successful conversation. Grice based his cooperative
principles on four principles or maxims. These are maxims of quality, quantity,
relation, and manner (Grice, 2006:68):

1. Maxim of Quantity
This maxim indicates that speakers should give information to what the
needed of the hearer. They should give neither too little information nor too much.

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Speakers must be to the point in what the hearer needs. If the speakers give too much
information, the hearer will be bored or disturbed. Speakers who give too little
information make hearers not being able to identify what they are talking about
because they are not clear enough. Specifically this maxim states: 1. Make your
contribution as informative as is required. 2. Do not make your contribution more
informative than is required.
For example:
Amira
Nada

: What are you looking for?
: I am looking for my mobile phone.

The example is happened when Nada is busy with her bag and Amira sees her.
It shows that Nada answers Amira’s question by giving information as needed by
Amira. Nada’s answer is not too much and also not too little. Her remark is precise to
quantity maxim.

2. Maxim of Quality
In this maxim, the conversation is expected to be seriously and speak the truth
or fact, the speakers say something that they believe matches to reality. They will not
say anything that they guess to be false or anything which they lack evidence.
Specifically this maxim states: 1. Do not say what you believe to be false. 2. Do not
say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
For example:
Anna : Is Surabaya in central Java?
Nino : No. but Surabaya is in east Java.

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Here Anna gives the wrong statement to the Nino but, Nino gives the right
statement because in the fact that Surabaya is in east Java. So, Nino in this dialogue
obeys the maxim of quality.

3. Maxim of Relation
Maxim of relation means the utterances must be relevance with topic to what
the speaker and hearer discussed. Speakers are assumed to be saying something that
is relevant to what has been said before (Cutting, 2002:35). Specifically this maxim
states: 1. Be relevant
For example:
Joe
: Brian, I saw you in royal Plaza last night. What did you buy?
Brian : I bought clothe and shoes.
From the conversation, Brian’s answer is relevance with Joe’s question. Joe
sees Brian in royal Plaza and he wants to know what Brian buy and Brian gives the
answer which stays on the topic.

4. Maxim of Manner
This maxim indicates that people’s utterances should be perspicuous. Be
perspicuous means the contribution should be easy to understand in conversation
exchange. The speakers must give clear contribution to the hearers. People are not
unambiguity in their conversation. They should not give excessively information.
And people should avoid excessively information. Specifically this maxim states: 1.

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Avoid obscurity of expression. 2. Avoid ambiguity. 3. Be brief (avoid unnecessary
prolixity). 4. Be orderly.
For example:
Al
El

: Where did you put my bag?
: I put your bag on the table in your room.

From the dialogue, it can be known that El gives clear explanation to Al by
saying the position where El put Al’s Bag.
By applying cooperative principles, speaker and hearer should fulfill of
maxims which proposed by Grice to make the conversation understood each other.
But in reality, people usually break the rules in their conversation. They are called
violate the maxims. The detail of violating maxims explanation will be discussed in
the next subtitle.

2.1.4

Violating Maxims
In surrounding us, we will find many people do not fulfill or obey the maxims

in their conversation. Sometimes, there are possibilities that they mislead the other
person (Paltridge, 2007:65). It is called as violating maxims. Cutting (2002:40) says
that speaker violates a maxim when he knows that the hearer will not know the truth
and will only understand the meaning of the words. Grice (1975) also takes place
violating the maxims happened when speaker intentionally refrain to apply certain
maxims in their conversation to achieve some other purposes (Sadehvandi, and

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Khosravizadeh 2011: vol.26 page 122). The examples of violating the maxims are
follows:

1. Violating the maxim of quantity
Violating maxim of quantity occurred when what the speaker want to say is
not appropriate with the hearer’s expect. It can be too short or much information. The
speaker does not give enough information because he/she does not want the hearer
know the full condition.
Example:
(the setting: A (a guest) wants to be nicer and friendlier, he smiles to B (a
receptionist) and says hello politely. A dog comes and stads beside him. Then A asks
B)
A : does your dog bite?
B : No
A : (bends down to stroke it and gets bitten) Ow! You said your dog does not
bite!
B : that is not my dog.
(cutting, 2002:40)
B actually knows that A is talking about the dog which is beside B and B’s
dog at home, yet B intentionally does not give A enough information, for reasons best
known to A herself.

2. Violating the maxim of quality
Violating maxim of quality happened when people is not sincere. They do not
give true information or denying the truth information.

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Example:
Mother : Did you study all day long?
Son who has been playing all day long: yes, I’ve been studying till know!
(IPEDR, 2011: volume 26 page 122)
The conversation above, the boy is not truthful and violates and violates the
maxim of quality. He lies to avoid unpleasant consequences such as punishment or to
be forced to study for the rest of the day.

3. Violating the maxim of relation
The violation of the Relation Maxim means that the utterance of the speaker is
irrelevant to the context for some reasons. The conversation is not relevant to what
has been said before.
Example:
Tom : Tom is such a noisy man, isn’t he?
Dick : I saw a fantastic movie yesterday.
(Zhou, 2009: volume 2 page 45)
This is a dialogue between two roomates; Dick’s answer violates the maxim
of relation. What can we know from Dick’s answer? He did not want to talk about
Tom’s Topic.
4. Violating the maxim of manner
In this case, violating the maxim of the manner means the information is not
clear. It is occurred when speakers give ambiguous language means there are some

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interpretations of what the speaker said, the speaker exaggerates thing, and the
speakers use slang in front of people who do not understand it.
Example:
Sarah : did you enjoy the party last night?
Anna : there was plenty of oriental food on the table, lots of flowers all over
the place, people hanging around chatting with each other.
(IPEDR, 2011: vol.26 page 123)
Sara asked a very simple question, however what she receives from Anna is a
protracted description of what was going on in the party. Two interpretations can be
made from Anna’s description: 1. Anna had such a good time in the party that she is
obviously too excited and has no idea where to begin. 2. Anna has such a terrible time
and she does not know how to complain about it.

2.1.5

Christoffersen’s Classification
In reality, when people deliver a message, they often break Grice’s

cooperative principles. Sometimes, they lie when they communicate (Tupan and
Natalia, 2008: volume 10 page 64). However, people tend to tell lie for some reasons.
According to Christoffersen (2005), people believe that a lie is the natural tool to
survive and to avoid them from anything that may put them in an inappropriate
condition (Tupan and Natalia, 2008: volume 10 page 64). In this case, the condition
has violated the maxims which people disobey Grice’s maxims by not telling the
truth condition. They have their own reasons why they not tell the truth condition.

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Christoffersen (2005) (as cited in Tupan and Natalia, 2008: vol.10 P.64) says
that in reality, people tend to tell lies for different reasons. The following reasons
with the examples are:
1. Hiding the truth
This reason happened when a speaker have a privation. He/she covers
information from someone and not allow someone to know it.
Example : (John covers his real age to his sister’s friend whom he met at the
party by telling her that they have the same age)
A : I am twenty years old, and how old are you?
B : exactly the same.
2. Saving face
It indicates that when people do something embarrassing in public,
and they distract attention or say something to minimize the seriousness of
what they did (Meyerhoff, 2006:84).
Example : (Ann covers herself for being shoplifter in front of people)
A : What is in your bag? I think our bracelet is in it
B : I – I do not know what you are talking about. I do not have any
bracelet.
3. Feeling jealous about something
This reason happened where a speaker unhappy or angry because
something that possible will be taken by other person.
Example : (Cindy lies to Jance that she doesn’t know Jim, the new student.
Cindy actually likes him)

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A : I know you talked to Jim, this morning. He is awesome. What do
you think about him?
B : I don’t know what you are talking about.
4. Satisfying the hearer
When speaker do manipulation to make the hearer feel pleased.
Example : (A conversation between a mother and her son)
A : Mom, how was I born?
B : Uhm… because God loves you so He sends you to me as a gift
5. Cheering the hearer
Cheering the hearer happened when a speaker describe something that
encourages a hearer to make a hearer feel happier.
Example : (a wife asks her husband whether she looks OK with the purple
blouse or not. Her husband who hates purple, cheers his wife by giving an
answer that is expected by his wife)
A : Honey, does this color nice?
B : of course sweetheart, you look gorgeous.
6. Avoiding to hurt the hearer
It occurred when speaker give contribution to prevent something that
make hearer hurt.
Example : (a mother of three years old boy wants to protect his son by telling
that this father has gone overseas rather than saying that he died)
A : Mummy, where is Daddy?
B : Daddy has gone overseas because he wants to buy some toys for
you.

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7. Building one’s belief
This reason meaning when a speaker increases something to make the
hearer more believe.
Example : (Joan asks her boyfriend whether he still remembers his ex
girlfriend or not. Her boyfriend lies to her and makes her believe 100%)
A : I wonder if you are still in love with your ex.
B : Of course not darling, you know you are the one in my heart. (fact:
he is still in love with his ex)
A : But how come you still keep her photo in your wallet?
B : that is not her, she is my cousin who looks like her. (fact: that’s his
ex’s photo).
8. Convincing the hearer
This reason is to make a hearer believe that something is true.
Example : (a part time clerk asks his friend to take his shift, but his friend
refuses by creating a good reason)
A : can you take my shift tonight?
B : I wish I could, but I have to take my daughter to the dentist.

2.2 Related Studies
In this section, the writer provides some researches that have been done
before. The research dealing with violating the maxim. One of the researches dealing
violating the maxim is written by Muzaim (2015). In his study, he talked about
violating maxim in vampire suck movie. He focused on Becca’s utterances as the
main character which violates the maxims. Muzaim founds four types of violation of

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maxims that uttered Becca and six types of reasons to violate the maxims. The types
which found by Muzaim are hiding the truth, saving face, avoiding hurt the hearer,
convincing the hearer, cheering the hearer, and satisfying the hearer.
The next research is written by Nisya (2008). In her study, she talked about
cooperative principles in debate. The study showed that three of four maxims were
violated in the three examined talk shows. There were maxims of quantity, relevance,
and manner. Here the speakers deliver their opinions to defend their argument to win
and the speaker was more liable to respond vaguely and verbosely to the question
raised. So that’s way the violation of maxims of quality was not found.
Moreover other researcher is written by Raharja (2015), he talk about
cooperative principle violation in stand up comedy. He focused on the utterances of
Dodit Mulyanto in stand up comedy Indonesia season 4. Raharja found all of the
types of violating maxims in his data. The dominant of the violation in his data is
maxim of relation.
Those previous researcher above have differences and similarities with this
research. The similarity is in the theory. The differences are the data object. The
previews researches object are humor movie, debate, and stand up comedy whereas
the writer’s object is a movie which combines the elements of family, romance,
music, and comedy.

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD

In this chapter, the writer presents about research approach, instrument,
data and source data, data collection, and data analysis.

3.1 Research Approach
In conducting this research, the writer used descriptive research. The
purpose of this study is to understand and describe about violating maxims in
“Another Cinderella Story” movie. In addition, Glass and Hopkins (1995) say
that descriptive research involves gathering data that describe events and then
organizes, tabulates, depicts, and describes the data collection. As the
statement of the problems of this study, the question is about what and why to
analyze the violating maxims in the movie. The writer explained and
described the data which found in the analyzing, then continued with general
conclusion. The writer described what she has found related to the types of
violating maxims and its reason by using theory of Grice’s cooperative
principles and Christoffersen’s lying classification.
3.2 Instrument
The instrument of this study is the writer herself. The writer collected and
analyzed the data by herself. She spent of time for watching and
understanding the utterances of the main characters, Mary and Joey. The

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writer observed the utterances of the main characters which violate the
maxims based on her knowledge.

3.3 Data and Data Source
The data of this study were the utterances produced by the main
characters, Mary and Joey in Another Cinderella Story movie. The writer took
the conversation between the main characters, Mary and Joey and other
characters that make conversation with Mary or Joey.
The data source of this study was Another Cinderella Story movie. This
movie was directed by Damon Santostef. Another Cinderella Story movie was
released on September 16, 2008. This movie is about retelling Cinderella fairy
tale.

3.4 Data Collection
In collecting the data, the writer did several steps:
1. The writer searched and download the movie of Another Cinderella Story
movie from the internet.
2. The writer also sought the transcription of the movie to strengthen the
data.
3. The writer watched the movie for several times to match the utterances
with the transcription.
4. The writer selected the conversations of Mary and Joey as participants and
she selected the data that break cooperative principles.

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3.5 Data Analysis
The writer did several steps to analyze the data, the procedures of
analyzing data are:
1. The writer identified the types of violating maxims used by Mary and Joey
in Another Cinderella Story movie.
2. The writer classified the data based on Grice’s theory of cooperative
principles.
3. The writer identified the data by Christoffersen’s classification of lie to
find out the intended meaning of the data in each maxim.
4. The writer described and explained the violating maxims and the reason of
violating the maxims.
5. Finally, the writer made conclusion based on the result of discussion.

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CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter, the writer presents the analysis of the findings and discussion.
The writer focuses on violating maxims used by the main characters in Another
Cinderella Story movie. Based on the analysis, the writer answers the statement of
the problem in this study. There are four types of maxims that violated by the main
characters, Mary and Joey in Another Cinderella Story movie. Those are violating the
maxim of quantity, quality, relation, and manner.
In this case, the writer presents the detail explanation which revealed from the
data. She also explains the reason of violating maxims that uttered by the main
characters. Moreover, the writer presents the discussion and explains the result of the
findings.

1.1 Findings
4.1.1 The kinds of violation of maxims are found by the main characters in
Another Cinderella Story movie.
1. Violating the maxim of quantity
The writer found six utterances that include violating the maxim of quantity.
Those utterances disobey the rule of quantity maxim. This maxim indicates that what
the speaker want to say must be properly spoken. The rules are, 1. Make your
contribution as informative as is required. 2. Do not make your contribution more
informative than is required. The result of the data can be seen as follows.

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Excerpt 1 (Data 9)
Britt
Joey
Britt

Joey

: I can totally prove it.
: prove it.
: “We All Fall Down, “She Wants to move,”
“Pon de Replay, “ and “hips Don’t Lie.”
I’m right, right?
I knew it!
Well, what are you waiting for?
Kiss me.
: NO, no, no.
We’re gonna dance first.
The conversation happened between Joey and Britt. Joey was an artist and

Britt was Mary’s stepsister. Joey was making prize contest to find out the owner of
the Zune which left in the party. The prize contest was telling four title songs that
often played in the Zune. Britt knew that the owner of the Zune was Mary. Britt has
quietly entered to Mary’s room and found the title songs that often played by Mary.
After knowing the tittle songs, the day after Britt met Joey in the school to tell that
title songs. Joey was shock, how can Britt know that title songs. Suddenly Britt said
“Well, what are you waiting for? Kiss me”. Joey wondered because he was still not
sure and he said “No, no, no. we’re gonna dance first”.
The utterances of Joey “No, no, no. we’re gonna dance first” violated the
maxim of quantity because Joey repeated the word “No”, less information, and added
more information. Joey disobey one of the rule of maxim of quantity. That is do not
make your contribution more informative than is required. Joey should say “No,
make sure me and we’re gonna dance first”.

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The reason of Joey was avoiding to hurt Britt. Although Britt can answer the
title songs, but Joey still not sure that Britt is the one girl. When Britt directly want
Joey to kiss her, he did not directly ignore Britt by saying impolite, but Joey avoid her
with another challenge.
Then, the dialogue bellow is one of the dialogues that contains of violating the
maxim of quantity too.
Excerpt 2 (Data 10)
Bree
Joey
Bree

Joey

: Ready to meet your mystery girl?
: Of course, you know the songs too.
: God, no.
But I’m the real freaking one.
And I freaking love you
And you just better freaking love me back…
…because I’m the freaking one,
You freak.
: way, way,way deep inside…
…I’m sure you’re a lovely person.
This conversation between Joey and contestant of price contest, Bree. Bree

was Mary’s stepsister too. The conversation happened when Bree want to win in
Joey’s price contest too. She wanted to be Joey’s girlfriend. But Bree did not know
the title songs. She only show her feeling that she love Joey. She shared her feeling
by uttering God, on. But, I’m the real freaking one. And I freeing love you. And just
better freaking love me back… because I’m the freaking one, you freak. Bree really
loved Joey. She hoped that Joey will love her too. But Joey still did not want love
anyone except the mystery girl in the party. Joey thought that the mystery girl was

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27

very special for him and different with another. Joey responsed Bree by uttering way,
way,way deep inside…I’m sure you’re a lovely person.
Joey’s utterance was included violating the maxim of quantity because he
repeated certain word to make sure Bree. Joey gave contribution more than required
to Bree. He did not fulfill one of the rules quantity maxims. In this dialogues, Joey
should give the utterance that required by Bree. He can say “in the deep of my heart,
I’m sure you’re a lovely person”.
Based on Joey’s utterance, the reason why he violated the maxim of quantity
was avoiding hurt Bree. The utterance was “way, way, way deep inside… I’m sure
you’re a lovely person”. It indicated that Joey thinks Bree is not the mystery girl too.
Bree has shared her feeling, but Joey said by polite utterance to ignore her. Joey used
polite utterance in order to make Bree not disappointed and not continued her feeling.
Excerpt 3 (Data 12)
Joey : you had shrimp in your hair.
Mary : Well, no, No, I mean, yes, that was me,
But that’s not what I wanted to tell you,
Um, I’m…
The conversation occurred between the main characters Joey and Mary. In
that conversation, they were in the parking area. Joey was having prize contest to find
out the mystery girl which has been dancing with him in the party. Mary wanted to
tell the truth that she was the mystery girl. Joey uttered “you had shrimp in your
hair” because he remembered when he was in Dominique’ house and strike Mary.
Then, he was seeing the shrimp in Mary’s hair. He thought that Mary worked for

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Dominique. Mary responded Joey by saying Well, no, No, I mean, yes, that was me,
But that’s not what I wanted to tell you, Um, I’m…. That utterance means she did not
want to talk about shrimp in her hair moreover work for Dominique, but she wanted
to talk about the important information.
The utterance of Mary Well, no, No, I mean, yes, that was me, But that’s not
what I wanted to tell you, Um, I’m… violated the maxim of quantity because she has
repeated certain word. She also was not to the point to give her contribution. To make
the clear information in order to avoid violating the maxim of quantity, Mary should
give the properly contribution to Joey. She should say, “yes, I work for Dominique,
but I want to be honest that someone who dance with you in the party is me”.
From the utterance of Mary, the reason why she violated the maxim of
quantity was to convince Joey. She wanted to convince that the information is really
important for Joey. Mary always tried to be honest. She wanted to tell the truth that
she is the mystery girl. It looks from the conversation that Mary always tried to talk
with joey.
Furthermore, the conversation bellow concludes violating the maxim of
quantity which uttered by Mary.
Excerpt 4 (Data 13)
Mary : I told you.
Tamy : oh, my God, He blew you off?
The conversation between Mary her best friend, Tamy. Tamy wanted Mary to
be sincere to Joey that she is the mystery girl. The first time Mary agrees to talk with

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Joey, but she also felt lack confi