Physical Education for Lifelong Fitness
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287218620
Physical Education for Lifelong Fitness
Chapter · January 2015
CITATIONS
READS
5
456
1 author:
John Mark Froiland
Pearson
47 PUBLICATIONS 332 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
A Comprehensive Positive Psychology Intervention View project
All content following this page was uploaded by John Mark Froiland on 19 December 2015.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document
and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
Chapter at: Froiland, J. M. (2015). Physical Education for Lifelong Fitness. EBSCO
Research Starters: Salem Press Encyclopedia. Ipswich, MA: EBSCO.
Abstract
In addition to providing exercise at school and exposing children to a variety of sports,
Physical Education (PE) has the potential to help youth to become lifelong exercise
enthusiasts, while preventing obesity and related physical health problems.
Unfortunately, school administrators have often reduced the time and resources devoted
to PE programs in the U.S. due to pressure to increase math and reading achievement
scores. However, the potential academic, psychological and health benefits for rigorous
physical education need to be further considered. Of particular importance, is the
opportunity for PE teachers to promote autonomous motivation for exercise, which
enhances the likelihood that youth will enjoy a lifetime of pursuing fitness.
References
CDC (2011). How much physical activity do children need? CDC: Atlanta.
http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/guidelines/children.html
Froiland, J. M. (2010). Smart ways to cultivate happiness. Health and Wellness Topics:
Happiness. Anthem Insurance Companies, Inc.
Froiland, J. M. (2014). Inspired Childhood: Parents Raising Motivated, Happy, and Successful
Students from Preschool to College. Seattle, Washington: Amazon.
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00LT4OX5O
Froiland, J. M. (2015). Parents' weekly descriptions of autonomy supportive communication:
Promoting children's motivation to learn and positive emotions. Journal of Child and
Family Studies, 24, 117-126. doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9819-x
Froiland, J. M. & Davison, M. L. (2014). Home literacy, television viewing, fidgeting and ADHD
in young children. Educational Psychology. doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.963031
Gollwitzer (1999). Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans. American
Psychologist, 54, 493-503.
Harrell, J. S., Pearce, P. F., Markland, E. T., Wilson, K., Bradley, C. B., & McMurray, R. G.
(2003). Assessing physical activity in adolescents: Common activities of children in 6th–
8th grades. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 15(4), 170-178.
Stadler, G., Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009). Physical activity in women. Effects of a
self-regulation intervention. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36, 29-34.
Tsatsoulis, A. & Fountoulakis, S. (2006). The protective role of exercise on stress system
dysregulation and comorbidities. The New York Academy of Sciences, 1083, 196-213.
NHS (2011). Physical activity guildelines for children and young people (5 to 18 years). NHS:
UK. http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/fitness/Documents/children-and-young-people-5-18years.pdf
Ng, J. Y., Ntoumanis, N., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Duda, J. L., &
Williams, G. C. (2012). Self-determination theory applied to health contexts a metaanalysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 325-340.
http://pps.sagepub.com/content/7/4/325.short
Powell, D. R., Son, S-H., File, N. & Froiland, J. M. (2012). Changes in parent involvement
across the transition from public school prekindergarten to first grade and children’s
academic outcomes. The Elementary School Journal, 113 (2), 276-300.
http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=84534211&site=ehos
t-live
Radel, R., Sarrazin, P., Legrain, P., & Wild, T. C. (2010). Social contagion of motivation between
teacher and student: Analyzing underlying processes. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 102(3), 577.http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2010-15712004&site=ehost-live
Suggested Reading
Chung, J. Y., Chung, L. Y., & Chen, B. (2009). The impact of lifestyle on the physical fitness of
primary school children. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(7), 1002-1009. Retrieved
December 2, 2014 from EBSCO PsycINFO. http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-03349008&site=ehost-live
Davis, K., Zhang, G., & Hodson, P. (2011). Promoting health-related fitness for elementary
students with intellectual disabilities through a specifically designed activity program.
Journal Of Policy and Practice In Intellectual Disabilities, 8(2), 77-84. Retrieved
December 2, 2014 from EBSCO PsycINFO. http://0search.ebscohost.com.source/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2011-12461003&site=ehost-live
Faure, C., & Ray, B. (2011). Game time! Justifying the use of Wii Fit Plus in the early
elementary physical education classroom. Journal of Technology Integration In The
Classroom, 3(1), 91-98. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source.
http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=
69636609&site=ehost-live
Fletcher, T., & Mandigo, J. (2012). The primary schoolteacher and physical education: a review
of research and implications for Irish physical education. Irish Educational Studies,
31(3), 363-376. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source. http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=79830647&site=ehost-live
Fu, Y., Gao, Z., Hannon, J., Shultz, B., Newton, M., & Sibthorp, J. (2013). Influence of a healthrelated physical fitness model on students' physical activity, perceived competence, and
enjoyment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 117(3), 956-970. Retrieved December 2, 2014
from EBSCO PsycINFO.
http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-10794024&site=ehost-live
Hildebrand, K. M., & Johnson, D. J. (2001). Determinants of college physical activity class
enrollment: implications for high school physical education. Physical Educator, 58(1),
51-56. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source. http://0-search.
ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=507729606&site=ehost-live
Johnson, W., Deary, I. J., McGue, M., & Christensen, K. (2009). Genetic and environmental
transactions linking cognitive ability, physical fitness, and education in late life.
Psychology And Aging, 24(1), 48-62. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO
PsycINFO. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=
psyh&AN=2009-03151-025&site=ehost-live
Keating, X. D., & Silverman, S. (2004). Teachers' use of fitness tests in school-based physical
education programs. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 8(3),
145-165. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO PsycINFO. http://0-search.
ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2004-20253002&site=ehost-live
Khalkhali, V. (2012). Behavioral regulations: What is physical education role in students'
physically active lifestyle? International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(2),
265-272. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source. http://0-search.
ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=83518103&site=e host-live
Langford, G. A., & Carter, L. (2003). Academic excellence must include physical education.
Physical Educator, 60(1), 28-33. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education
Source. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=
eue&AN=507871354&site=ehost-live
Lowry, R., Wechsler, H., & Kann, L. K. (2001). Recent trends in participation in physical
education among US high school students. Journal of School Health, 71(4), 145-152.
Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source. http://0-search.ebscohost.
com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=507763911&site=ehost-live
Mayorga-Vega, D., Viciana, J., Cocca, A., & de Rueda Villén, B. (2012). Effect of a physical
fitness program on physical self-concept and physical fitness elements in primary school
students. Perceptual And Motor Skills, 115(3), 984-996. Retrieved December 2, 2014
from EBSCO PsycINFO. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-00824-027&site=ehost-live
Robinson, L. E., & Wadsworth, D. D. (2010). Stepping toward Physical Activity Requirements:
Integrating Pedometers into Early Childhood Settings. Early Childhood Education
Journal, 38(2), 95-102. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source.
http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=
508178039&site=ehost-live
Shephard, R. J., & Trudeau, F. (2008). Research on the outcomes of elementary school physical
education. Elementary School Journal, 108(3), 251-264. Retrieved December 2, 2014
from EBSCO PsycINFO. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=eue&AN=508030691&site=ehost-live
Smith, M., & Madden, M. (2014). Middle school students' reactions to the implementation of
active homework in physical education. Global Journal of Health & Physical
Education Pedagogy, 3(2), 121-136. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO
Education Source. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=
true&db=eue&AN=96098760&site=ehost-live
Thomas, H. M., Fellner, L., Tucker, P., & Irwin, J. D. (2011). Healthy eating and physical
activity challenges and opportunities in after-school programs: providers' perspectives.
Child Health & Education: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 3(2), 106-121. Retrieved
December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source. http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=84604874&site=ehost-live
Thorburn, M. M., Jess, M., & Atencio, M. (2009). Connecting policy aspirations with principled
progress? An analysis of current physical education challenges in Scotland. Irish
Educational Studies, 28(2), 209-223. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO
Education Source. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=
true&db=eue&AN=41130526&site=ehost-live
View publication stats
Physical Education for Lifelong Fitness
Chapter · January 2015
CITATIONS
READS
5
456
1 author:
John Mark Froiland
Pearson
47 PUBLICATIONS 332 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
A Comprehensive Positive Psychology Intervention View project
All content following this page was uploaded by John Mark Froiland on 19 December 2015.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document
and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
Chapter at: Froiland, J. M. (2015). Physical Education for Lifelong Fitness. EBSCO
Research Starters: Salem Press Encyclopedia. Ipswich, MA: EBSCO.
Abstract
In addition to providing exercise at school and exposing children to a variety of sports,
Physical Education (PE) has the potential to help youth to become lifelong exercise
enthusiasts, while preventing obesity and related physical health problems.
Unfortunately, school administrators have often reduced the time and resources devoted
to PE programs in the U.S. due to pressure to increase math and reading achievement
scores. However, the potential academic, psychological and health benefits for rigorous
physical education need to be further considered. Of particular importance, is the
opportunity for PE teachers to promote autonomous motivation for exercise, which
enhances the likelihood that youth will enjoy a lifetime of pursuing fitness.
References
CDC (2011). How much physical activity do children need? CDC: Atlanta.
http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/guidelines/children.html
Froiland, J. M. (2010). Smart ways to cultivate happiness. Health and Wellness Topics:
Happiness. Anthem Insurance Companies, Inc.
Froiland, J. M. (2014). Inspired Childhood: Parents Raising Motivated, Happy, and Successful
Students from Preschool to College. Seattle, Washington: Amazon.
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00LT4OX5O
Froiland, J. M. (2015). Parents' weekly descriptions of autonomy supportive communication:
Promoting children's motivation to learn and positive emotions. Journal of Child and
Family Studies, 24, 117-126. doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9819-x
Froiland, J. M. & Davison, M. L. (2014). Home literacy, television viewing, fidgeting and ADHD
in young children. Educational Psychology. doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.963031
Gollwitzer (1999). Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans. American
Psychologist, 54, 493-503.
Harrell, J. S., Pearce, P. F., Markland, E. T., Wilson, K., Bradley, C. B., & McMurray, R. G.
(2003). Assessing physical activity in adolescents: Common activities of children in 6th–
8th grades. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 15(4), 170-178.
Stadler, G., Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009). Physical activity in women. Effects of a
self-regulation intervention. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36, 29-34.
Tsatsoulis, A. & Fountoulakis, S. (2006). The protective role of exercise on stress system
dysregulation and comorbidities. The New York Academy of Sciences, 1083, 196-213.
NHS (2011). Physical activity guildelines for children and young people (5 to 18 years). NHS:
UK. http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/fitness/Documents/children-and-young-people-5-18years.pdf
Ng, J. Y., Ntoumanis, N., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Duda, J. L., &
Williams, G. C. (2012). Self-determination theory applied to health contexts a metaanalysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 325-340.
http://pps.sagepub.com/content/7/4/325.short
Powell, D. R., Son, S-H., File, N. & Froiland, J. M. (2012). Changes in parent involvement
across the transition from public school prekindergarten to first grade and children’s
academic outcomes. The Elementary School Journal, 113 (2), 276-300.
http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=84534211&site=ehos
t-live
Radel, R., Sarrazin, P., Legrain, P., & Wild, T. C. (2010). Social contagion of motivation between
teacher and student: Analyzing underlying processes. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 102(3), 577.http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2010-15712004&site=ehost-live
Suggested Reading
Chung, J. Y., Chung, L. Y., & Chen, B. (2009). The impact of lifestyle on the physical fitness of
primary school children. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(7), 1002-1009. Retrieved
December 2, 2014 from EBSCO PsycINFO. http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-03349008&site=ehost-live
Davis, K., Zhang, G., & Hodson, P. (2011). Promoting health-related fitness for elementary
students with intellectual disabilities through a specifically designed activity program.
Journal Of Policy and Practice In Intellectual Disabilities, 8(2), 77-84. Retrieved
December 2, 2014 from EBSCO PsycINFO. http://0search.ebscohost.com.source/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2011-12461003&site=ehost-live
Faure, C., & Ray, B. (2011). Game time! Justifying the use of Wii Fit Plus in the early
elementary physical education classroom. Journal of Technology Integration In The
Classroom, 3(1), 91-98. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source.
http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=
69636609&site=ehost-live
Fletcher, T., & Mandigo, J. (2012). The primary schoolteacher and physical education: a review
of research and implications for Irish physical education. Irish Educational Studies,
31(3), 363-376. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source. http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=79830647&site=ehost-live
Fu, Y., Gao, Z., Hannon, J., Shultz, B., Newton, M., & Sibthorp, J. (2013). Influence of a healthrelated physical fitness model on students' physical activity, perceived competence, and
enjoyment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 117(3), 956-970. Retrieved December 2, 2014
from EBSCO PsycINFO.
http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-10794024&site=ehost-live
Hildebrand, K. M., & Johnson, D. J. (2001). Determinants of college physical activity class
enrollment: implications for high school physical education. Physical Educator, 58(1),
51-56. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source. http://0-search.
ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=507729606&site=ehost-live
Johnson, W., Deary, I. J., McGue, M., & Christensen, K. (2009). Genetic and environmental
transactions linking cognitive ability, physical fitness, and education in late life.
Psychology And Aging, 24(1), 48-62. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO
PsycINFO. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=
psyh&AN=2009-03151-025&site=ehost-live
Keating, X. D., & Silverman, S. (2004). Teachers' use of fitness tests in school-based physical
education programs. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 8(3),
145-165. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO PsycINFO. http://0-search.
ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2004-20253002&site=ehost-live
Khalkhali, V. (2012). Behavioral regulations: What is physical education role in students'
physically active lifestyle? International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(2),
265-272. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source. http://0-search.
ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=83518103&site=e host-live
Langford, G. A., & Carter, L. (2003). Academic excellence must include physical education.
Physical Educator, 60(1), 28-33. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education
Source. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=
eue&AN=507871354&site=ehost-live
Lowry, R., Wechsler, H., & Kann, L. K. (2001). Recent trends in participation in physical
education among US high school students. Journal of School Health, 71(4), 145-152.
Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source. http://0-search.ebscohost.
com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=507763911&site=ehost-live
Mayorga-Vega, D., Viciana, J., Cocca, A., & de Rueda Villén, B. (2012). Effect of a physical
fitness program on physical self-concept and physical fitness elements in primary school
students. Perceptual And Motor Skills, 115(3), 984-996. Retrieved December 2, 2014
from EBSCO PsycINFO. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-00824-027&site=ehost-live
Robinson, L. E., & Wadsworth, D. D. (2010). Stepping toward Physical Activity Requirements:
Integrating Pedometers into Early Childhood Settings. Early Childhood Education
Journal, 38(2), 95-102. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source.
http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=
508178039&site=ehost-live
Shephard, R. J., & Trudeau, F. (2008). Research on the outcomes of elementary school physical
education. Elementary School Journal, 108(3), 251-264. Retrieved December 2, 2014
from EBSCO PsycINFO. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=eue&AN=508030691&site=ehost-live
Smith, M., & Madden, M. (2014). Middle school students' reactions to the implementation of
active homework in physical education. Global Journal of Health & Physical
Education Pedagogy, 3(2), 121-136. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO
Education Source. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=
true&db=eue&AN=96098760&site=ehost-live
Thomas, H. M., Fellner, L., Tucker, P., & Irwin, J. D. (2011). Healthy eating and physical
activity challenges and opportunities in after-school programs: providers' perspectives.
Child Health & Education: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 3(2), 106-121. Retrieved
December 2, 2014 from EBSCO Education Source. http://0search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=84604874&site=ehost-live
Thorburn, M. M., Jess, M., & Atencio, M. (2009). Connecting policy aspirations with principled
progress? An analysis of current physical education challenges in Scotland. Irish
Educational Studies, 28(2), 209-223. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from EBSCO
Education Source. http://0-search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=
true&db=eue&AN=41130526&site=ehost-live
View publication stats