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Definitions of Speaking The Importance of Speaking

2.2.5 Speaking

As one of the important subjects in English as a Foreign language EFL learning, speaking is sometimes considered by students more difficult than other skills. It is to due to the many aspects or components to be mastered in order for the students to have perfect speaking. The students have to master grammar, vocabularies and pronunciation. Besides, they also have to practice it in real daily-life communication. Moreover, speaking is an important skill for students to master if they want to be able to communicate across the globe. Below are some definitions of speaking.

2.2.5.1 Definitions of Speaking

Speaking is defined in different ways as follows: 1 Speaking is the ability to talk to someone about something to speak, use our voice to produce words in a particular language; to express our ideas or opinions, feelings, thoughts, and beliefs of a person or group of people Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Advanced Learners‟ Dictionary, 2009. 2 Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information Bailey, 2005:2. 3 Speaking is such fundamental human behaviors that do not stop to analyze it unless there is something noticeable about it Bailey, 2005:2. 4 Speaking is a skill which is derives attention very bit as much as literary skill in the first and second language Bygate, 1987: vii. 5 Speaking is the ability presupposes not only of language features, but also the ability to process information and language “on the spot” Harmer, 2001:269. 6 Speaking is the verbal language used to communicate with others. The purpose of speaking is supposed to be a means of communication in which it is unlimeted in daily use. The meaning of speaking lies on the structure of language, whether this is written or spoken Halliday, 1985; Biber, 1988; Fulcher, 2003 :23. According to the definitions of speaking above, I have an opinion that spaking is a free activity that is done by individuals to interact with others using speech organs to produce words and sentences in order to express their feelings or thoughts. In addition, speakers should also master the elements of speaking in order to make their speaking perfect, so that the communication will take place well.

2.2.5.2 The Importance of Speaking

Speaking is very important. Renandya and Richards 2002:201 consider that the ability to speak well is a very complex task if we try to understand the nature of what appears to be involved. The importance of speaking deals with the purposes in speaking too. When speaking is used in informal situation, people will start to speak and make a contact to other people, to establish rapport, or engage in harmless chat then they will spend much time with their friends. Then, when people are in the situation of discussion, they will deliver their ideas or thoughts. Other situations are when speaking is used to descibe or istruct something or someone. By speaking, human beings can express their ideas and thoughts. It can be inferred, therefore, that speaking is the key of communication Bailey and Savage, 1994: vii. In line with this, Richards 1990 http:www.professorjackrichards.compdfsdeveloping-classroom-speaking also says that speaking is an essential part of communicating, thinking and learning. It also allows students to express their ideas, to negotiate relationships, to give definition to their thoughts, and learn about language, themselves and the world. So, speaking is the central skill among the four basic language skills. When attempting to speak, learners must convey their thoughts and encode those ideas in the vocabulary and syntactic structures of the target language.

2.2.5.3 Types of Speaking

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