Background of the Study

The major character is the most supported character in the novel. The other elements in the novel are created to support it existence while the secondary character is a character which is less prominent than the major character. Henkle, 1977: 88 The major character is the focus of the story. All of the elements in the story support the major character to reach the goal of the story. The secondary character is also important because it makes the story goes. Secondary character as a proponent acts to show how the major character is built. In his book, Henkle also mention theory by E. M. Foster which stated about flat and round character. In a famous definition of fictional characters, the early twentieth-century novelist E. M. Foster said that there are “flat” characters who are compelled by a set idea in their creator, and “round” characters who embody all the variations and complexities of human nature. Henkle, 1977: 91 Flat characters are characters which remains the same from beginning until the end of the story. Its character is brought by the creator. Usually secondary characters are flat characters. They carry the quality that support the major characters. Round characters are the characters which experience a change. They are livelier and show reaction toward event or other things by changing their characters. Round characters show the reader the nature of human that make the story more actual. Here are the characteristics of major character found in Henkle’s book. The first one is that the major character built the value and encouraged the reader to expect from them. As we noted in Chapter 3, the major character in a novel perform a key structural function: upon them we build expectations and desires, which, in modification, shift or establish our values. Henkle, 1977: 92 The creation of major character here is to make a convincing drama and to show human issues of the book by the amplitude and attention given to it. As the writer turn to secondary character, however, we discover that they perform more limited functions. In order to understand the role of a secondary character, we must identify some of those functions. The most obvious function of secondary characters is to populate the world of the novel. Since fiction presents human context, the secondary character establish that context. Henkle, 1977:94 In other word secondary character is made to support the real-like world in the novel. It also stands for the better understanding of the major character. To give a certain character the author do what is called characterization. Characterization is the central to the fictional experience. Factors that enable author to communicate human qualities and guide us to understanding of human themes in the novel are complexity of the characterization. It is about the attention given certain figures and personal intensity that a character seems to transmit. Henkle, 1977: 86,87 Characterization is the way how the characters are made by the creator. The process of the characters maker, why do they have certain natures, how do impact of their nature to other characters, and also why do they have certain habits are some of the consideration that the author make to create a characters in a story. Character is an extended verbal representation of a human being, the inner self that determines though, speech, and behavior. The characters can be shown in dialogue, action, and commentary. Jacobs 1986: 119 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI There are some clues of how the characters are disclosed. The first is from what they themselves say. The second one is from what other characters say about them. Then, it also stated implicitly in the action that they did. The last one is from the statements of the author of the story Jacobs, 1986: 122-124 Reader can disclose the nature of characters in fiction by analyzing what they themselves say. For example, in Glaspell’s Trifles the writer can conclude that the men underestimate women by their saying. The men said that women used to worry over trifles. The second one is by what other say about them. From the utterances of other character reader can get the characteristic of a character. Sometimes in a daily life human also likely to judge other or just say that some people like this and that. That is also happened in the narrative story since it is a picturesque of the real life. The third one is stated implicitly in the action that they do. In real life the character of human is often reflected by their deeds because it must be based on their way of thinking. An easy going person will not think too much to do something. That person will immediately say yes if asked to do something or go somewhere. That is also what we will find in the story. Another one is by statement of author of the story. This one is like a easiness that the reader will get in reading a story. Sometime in the story the author gives some explanation or description about characters that are going to PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI play in a story. By reading that, the reader can gather information about the characters and what role they maybe play in the story.

2. Plot

A plot is a plan or groundwork for a story, based on conflicting human motivations, with the action resulting from believable and realistic human response. In a well-plotted story, nothing is irrelevant. Plot is in the other words the flow of the story. Jacobs, 1986: 87. Narrative text has plot in it. It can be simply understood as events which happened in the story. It is usually divided into three parts. The first part is in the beginning, then in the middle, and at the end of the story. According to quickbase.intuit.com In the beginning we will find what is called Exposition. Then it is followed by raising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. This is a theory from Fretag which is usually called Fretag’s Pyramid. He develops the structure of plot by Aristotle and divides it into five major part as have mentioned in previous paragraph. In the exposition reader usually find the general description of the story. It can be about where the setting is taken place, what the characters of the story are, and also when the story did happened. By reading this part reader can have the picture about how the story is going to be. Then there will be inciting incident, a moment which happened to begin the story as a step before the raising action. It is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI usually a clue of something which stimulates the reader to questioning or to grab something which is not right. Raising action is the part when the conflict starts rising. In this part, reader can see how characters react against the conflict. This is made the story live and real because here, the writer brings conflict which reflects one that really happened in the real life. Climax is the point when the conflict in the story raises its top. It is usually marked by the change of some characters. Conflict which has happened must left some changes to some characters of the story. In the plot there are conflicts. Conflict rose to deliver the message that would be delivered by the author via the characters. How characters deal with the conflict finally becomes the point of stories. The value is implied in the action of characters overcome the conflict. Conflict can be an opposition of two people, between larger groups of people, or between individual and larger forces nature. “Unless there is doubt, there is no tension, and unless there is tension, there is no interest” Jacobs, 1987: 87-88 Conflict in Plot is the establishment of contrasting or conflicting situations and responses that produces the interest the short-short story contains. So there may be more than one conflict in the fiction. It also may lead to one major conflict in the end of the story.Jacobs, 1987: 88 There is a falling action. It is like a cooling down after the climax is reached in a play. Here, the tense is decreasing as the story comes to the end which is called resolution.