Add economic dimensions. As stressed throughout this assessment, coastal conservation will Produce short-term, practical outcomes. While some activities can only be expected to

13 • Activities should be strategic and maintain innovation. There is no “cookie-cutter” approach that can be applied well in all locations. This point needs to be made in promoting models developed by CRMP. An important part of the project’s success has been its adaptive approach. • It is unlikely that the intensity of effort required in the early stages in North Sulawesi Anchor communities could be sustained in government or donor-sponsored programs. This point needs to be addressed when these models are promoted. • A key area where scaling up has started is in Likupang, North Sulawesi. The activities there require a realistic assessment about what can be accomplished with less CRMP involvement in the future. It would be most difficult to suddenly withdraw support for work started in this past year. • Scaling-up involves a whole range of locations and activities started under CRMP. Those models identified as being of particular importance include: village level initiatives such as marine sanctuaries coupled to best practices for sustainable fisheries and ecosystem conservation; local integrated planning and institutional mechanisms exemplified by the Balikpapan Bay Council and Management Plan; coastal resource atlases and their utilization for management and budgeting as exemplified by the Lampung Coastal Resource Management Plan; local, district, and provincial legislation, regulations, directives and ordinances; coastal resource centers and technical activities as exemplified by work started through IPB and INCUNE.

4. Add economic dimensions. As stressed throughout this assessment, coastal conservation will

happen only when there is attention to sustainable livelihoods and economic wellbeing of communities, and with better consideration of economic value provided by coastal ecological services. CRMP therefore should incorporate an economic dimension to key activities as follows: • Integrate a household economics approach within CRM, emphasizing local opportunities, value-added approaches, and forward-backward linkages that identify where intermediary relationships might be altered to produce greater benefits locally. • Introduce an ecological-economic perspective into regional activities such as the Balikpapan Bay technical studies and Bintuni Bay atlas. • In future work with lawmakers, and with government units, focus effort on market-based incentives in regulations, and on sustainable investment policies.

5. Produce short-term, practical outcomes. While some activities can only be expected to

demonstrate their full benefits over a longer time span, even well past the end of the project, it is important to demonstrate real economic and environmental value over much shorter time periods. Such outcomes may include: improved working relationships among sectors leading to new forms of economic cooperation; positive impacts at the community level arising from a reduction in fishing pressure or cessation of illegal resource harvesting; and more effective investment by government as a consequence of improved coastal planning. These points are not well covered by existing project indicators, but they are the type of indicator that will be needed by a government concerned about investing in sustainable economic growth. Of the various measures, perhaps the most important are those which highlight activities that directly benefit local communities and that improve decentralization results.

6. Continue working within the existing regions in order to capture their full value as national