32
12. STATISTICAL METHODS
The sample size for this study was not pre determined prior to the study. All children who died at age 28 to 1824 days in the year 2006 were included. All data obtained were used for
analysis. Numerical data were analyzed for frequencies and rates, using the year 2006 population census as the denominator. The CRF received were reviewed for completeness
and appropriateness by the researchers. Any incomplete or inappropriate data were queried back to the sites. The causes of death were also reviewed and re classified when necessary
according to the modified International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10
th
Revision, ICD 10 appendix 4 by the researchers and project manager and analyzed for frequencies. The classifications of the 4 most common causes of death
which were certain infectious and parasitic diseases, congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities, injury poisoning and external causes, and diseases of the
respiratory system were further subclassified. Group comparison by odds ratio was also performed to see ethnic group differences for the four most common causes of death
subclassification. The reasons for preventable death were also subclassified according to family factors, peripheral and referral centre problems and department and treatment
problems. Each of these subclassifications was studied in more detail.
33
13. RESULTS
13.1 Death Incidence 13.1.1 Overall Death Incidence Rate
A total of 1699 deaths in children aged 28 to 1824 days under 5 years of age and excluding neonates were reported by 96 hospitals and 86 health districts. Of these 1303 were hospital
deaths and 396 were non hospital deaths. The overall under 5 death incidence rate was 0.6 per thousand age specific population and 3.5 per thousand live births as shown in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1: Under 5 death incidence rate, per thousand age specific population and per thousand live births, Malaysia 2006
Total no deaths Incidence rate per thousand age specific
population Incidence rate per thousand live births
1699 0.6
3.5
13.1.2 Death Incidence Rate by State
The states with death incidence rate higher than the national rate of 0.6 per thousand age specific population were Sabah, Pahang, Kelantan, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur and
Sarawak. The states with incidence rate lower than the national rate were Kedah, Terengganu, Pulau Pinang, Perak, Perlis, Melaka, Johor and Selangor. Sabah had the
highest incidence rate of 1.1 and Selangor the lowest rate of 0.2 per thousand population. Table 1.2: Under 5 death incidence rate by residence state, per thousand state specific
population, Malaysia 2006
State Total no deaths
Incidence rate per thousand state specific population
Sabah 378
1.1 Pahang
133 0.8
Kelantan 144
0.8 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur
152 0.8
Sarawak 207
0.7 Negeri Sembilan
60 0.6
Kedah 101
0.5 Terengganu
63 0.5
Pulau Pinang 69
0.5 Perak
119 0.5
Perlis 10
0.4 Melaka
37 0.4
Johor 121
0.3 Selangor
105 0.2
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