CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Research
In every reading, a literary work will give people different response and different meaning
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, it depends on the response that built by the reader among the works that he read, and the literary knowledge basic that he
mastered as well. It also happens in poetry reading, how many times we were reading
the works and how much knowledge literary basic we were mastered will give effect to the response of works that we read.
The response variously different in every reading; for the writer opinions the responses becomes an autonomous from literary work which
are free from the writer of the works subjectivity
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-responses come from early reading will be different with the second, the beginner’s reading will
be different with the expert, also the camera we captured the work from what side will effect the response it self.
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I.A Richards argued that ”The all important fact for study literature-or any other mode of communication-is that there are several kinds of meaning”
I.A. Richards in Practical Criticism; Chapter I. The four kinds of meaning. Via Critical Theory since Plato. Edited by Hazard Adams.
University of California. 1971. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publisher. London. P. 851
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“No doubt it has always been that way. As soon as a fact is narrated no longer with a view to acting directly on reality but intransitively, that is to say, finally outside of any function other than
that of the very practice of the symbol itself, this disconnection occurs, the voice loses its origin, the author enters into his own death, writing begins.”
Quoted from The Death of the Author of Roland Barthes via Modern Criticism and Theory. Edited by David Lodge. Longman publisher.
New York. P. 168
Literary works has kind of genre from the early genre until the latest modern, which are; Poetry, Prose, Drama, etc- and the latest is film.
For the first writer has mentioned poetry is very unique genre among the other-in the writer view point-because it is come from the early and still
existed until the modern time. Poetry as well, has structures to be recognized, a rhyme to be
enchanted and the symbolization that make poetry can grasps much things with the little figurative language that almost used in this works
eventually. Poetry-in general-or poem in specific work and in the next
paragraph mention, also is a unique media of communication, created in a brief and concentrated form of language, it can give meaning intently. The
object to be communicated in a poem are various, for instance, the experiences of life, emotional condition, the philosophy of life, and the
social critics for the times and place it’s lived. Some of poet made his poem is very concern to the things that he
wants to see; it is called with curiosity or style from the poet, and also usually influenced by the social life.
One of the greatest American poets who are capable of communicating his ideas through poem was Robert Frost. He was born in
San Francisco, March 26, 1874 and died in Boston, January, 29, 1963. His works may seem to be lucidly simple, after better
acquaintance, they turned out to be, in many instances, rich in hidden
meanings. Some words, which Emily Dickinson applied to her self, apply to Frost; like her, he “thinks New Englandly.” There is certain reticence, a
teasing indirectness, in his way of telling his thought. Generally, he avoids personal involvement by dramatizing. The used of figurative language is
mostly appear in his works. The simplicity appearance almost in his works enriched by the figures of speech that he keeps in his work an
enchantment. There are two works from Robert Frost that has made the writer is
curios to analyze more intensely; My November Guest and A Late Walk. These two poems have exciting figure of speech almost in its contents.
For the reason why, the writer will tend to investigate and discover these two poems as the paper goal, the research its self namely Figures of
Speech Analysis on two Robert Frost’s Poems; My November Guest and A late Walk.
The analysis will be focused on the configuration of figures of speech on these two poems, the meaning of these figures of speech and the
influence of these figures of speech into the theme comprehensively.
B. Focus of the Stud y
The research focused on the intrinsic study of the poems, especially figures of speech of the poems and the theme of these poems.
C. Research Question
The questions of the research consist of: 1.
What kind figures of speech can be found on two Robert Frost’s poems; My November Guest and A
late Walk ?
2. What are the meanings of those figures of speech?
3. How do figures of speech convey the theme of each
poem? D.
Signification of the Research As far, the significance of the research is can be used for Islamic
development by reading and understanding figures of speech, for referential source for those who want to study and analyze poetry more
intently, comparative source in future, and also for academic analysis in English Letters Department especially for those who want to discuss
literary works of poetry with these theories and approaches, specifically in figures of speech.
E. Research Methodology
1. The Object of the Research
The objectives of the research are: 1.
to describe about kinds of figures of speech can be found on the poems
2. to know the meaning of those figures of speech
3. to know about the theme of the poems
2. The Method of the Research
This research is a descriptive qualitative research describes about kinds of figure of speech on four Robert Frost’s poems and the
meaning of those figure of speech. Beside these, the research also discusses about the themes of those poems.
The analysis includes explicating, which contains explication of the entire poem in detail and then followed by the figures of speech
analysis. From both analyses the writer tries to conclude the theme of each poem.
3. Technique of Data Analysis
In this research, the writer uses dialectic analytic technique based on critical study and analysis to the qualitative data base on the study of
figures of speech used on the poems. 4.
Analysis Unit The unit analysis of the research is two poems by Robert Frost, they
are: My November Rain and A Late Walk. 5.
Place and Time The research will be done in Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic
University Jakarta in Semester XIII 2008
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
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