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2. Collaborative action research may include as few as two teachers or a group of several teachers and others interested in addressing a classroom or department
issue. This issue may involve one classroom or a common problem shared by many classrooms. These teachers may be supported by individuals outside of
the school, such as a university or community partner. 3. School-wide research focuses on issues common to all. For example, a school
may have a concern about the lack of parental involvement in activities, and is looking for a way to reach more parents to involve them in meaningful ways.
4. District-wide research is far more complex and utilizes more resources, but the rewards can be great. Issues can be organizational, community-based,
performance-based, or processes for decision-making. A district may choose to address a problem common to several schools or one of organizational
management.
D. Data Source
The data of the research was the procedure and activities during teaching learning process using the KWL technique and the scores of reading
comprehension test. The result of teaching in the form of post-test was compared with pre-test.
The sources of the data in this study were:
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1. Event Event included all the actions that were done in cycle 1 and 2. The cycle 1
was conducted from October 28
th
to November 9
th
, 2010. There were four meetings in this cycle. The cycle 2 was conducted from November 18
th
to November 25
th
, 2010. There were 3 meetings in this cycle. 2. Documents
They were books and teaching materials used by the teacher of the class. There were two kinds of books that the teacher used as the main sources. The first
one was Look Ahead published by Erlangga and the second was English Alive published by Yudhistira. Other documents such as students’ previous test results,
students’ works and teacher’s lesson plan RPP were also taken and analysed. 3. Information Data
It was the result of interview and questionnaire that the researcher gave to the subject of the research.
E. Technique of Collecting Data
The data needed for the research was both quantitative and qualitative. To collect the data accurately, some methods were used. The quantitative data were
collected by giving the tests. The researcher gave the students pre-test and post- test in order to know their reading comprehension before and after being taught
using KWL technique. It was to know whether the students’ reading comprehension improved or not. To make sure that the instrument used for the test
were valid and reliable, the researcher did a try out. The test is valid if it tests the
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extent to which a test measures what it supposes to measure Tuckman, 1972: 163. To find out the validity of the items for the pre-test and pos-test, the
researcher used the formula as follows: The qualitative data were collected by doing:
1. Observation It is a technique of collecting data by closely watching and noticing
classroom events or happenings, or interaction, either as a participant in the classroom of another teacher’s observation. The researcher used field notes and
check list in doing the observation. In doing the observation, the researcher was accompanied by the collaborator who actively observed the teacher’s teaching and
offered suggestions. 2. Interview
Interview is an activity to ask questions in face-to-face interaction. Interview is used to know how the participants feel and to know what their
opinion or idea during the research. The researcher interviewed the students and their teachers, in this case English teachers about their personal perceptions,
experiences, opinions, and ideas related to the teaching learning process in the class. In doing the interview, the researcher used guided or semi-structured
interview Burns, 2010: 75. 3. Questionnaire
The researcher asked the students to fulfill the questionnaire. The students should read the questions and gave responses by ticking or writing short answers.
The researcher used rating scale questionnaire as suggested by Burns 2010: 82.
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F. Technique of Analysing Data