xii
3.7 Score of Trace-Code Test From UDinus Respondents
111 3.8
Score of Write-Code Test From UDinus Respondents 111
4.1 General Relation of Program Comprehension Model
124 4.2
Requirements of Comprehension Tools Based on Comprehension Model 126
4.3 The Integrated Algorithm-Program Visualization Model
134 4.4
Model of Programming-Process Support for Program Comprehension Tool. 138
4.5 Example of General Problem Description of GCD
140 4.6
Requirement Analysis Through Formulating the Problem 141
4.7 Solution Strategy
142 4.8
Goal Decomposition 142
4.9 Data and Resource Description
143 4.10
An Example of Solution Structure and Logical Data Flow Chart 145
4.11 Constructed Program Design Using Basic-Plan
148 4.12
Transformation of Program Abstraction in Multiple Representations 158
4.13 Source Code in Pretty-Printing Format
165 4.14
Visual Semantic-syntax Feedback 169
4.15 Relationship of Programming-tasks and Semantic Feedback
170 5.1
Development and Implementation of 3De-ALPROV Tool 175
5.2 Actor Generalization
184 5.3
Use Case Diagram of 3De-ALPROV 185
5.4 Plans in The 3De-ALPROV Tool
188 5.5
Architecture of Prototype System 189
5.6 Spatial Layout Design for Workspace
191 5.7
Class Diagram Relationships in Prototype Design 193
5.8 The Structure of User Interface in 3De-ALPROV
200 5.9
The User Interface of 3De-ALPROV 201
5.10 The 3De-ALPROV Menu
202 5.11
Defining a Data Structure in Variable Definition Plan. 203
5.12 Highlighted Variable and Code to Describe the Execution of Input Plan
204 5.13
The Current State while The If-Else Plan is Being Executed 204
5.14 The Final State of The Designed Algorithm
205 5.15
Specifying a Sample of Novice Students 207
5.16 Evaluation Procedure During 3De-ALPROV Tool Implementation
214 5.17
Chart of Respondents’ Demographic Information 216
5.18 Histogram of Self Efficacy Score in The Pre-Test with Normal Curve
217 5.19
Histogram of Self Efficacy Score in The Post-Test with Normal Curve 219
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LIST OF APPENDICES
5.20 Histogram of Programming Score in The Pre-Test with Normal Curve
221 5.21
Histogram of Programming Score in The Post-Test with Normal Curve 224
6.1 The Reasoning Flow for The Programming Process Related Tasks
235 6.2
Programming Process Support Model 237
6.3 Perspectives of Multi Levels Representation of Program
