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The Definition of Action Research

2.2.6.1 The Definition of Action Research

There are some definitions of action research below: 1 Action research is a disciplined process of inquiry conducted by and for those taking the action. The primary reason for engaging in action research is to assist the “actor” in improving andor refining his or her actions. Sagor: 3 2 Action research is refers to teacher-initiated class-room investigation which seek to increase the teacher’s understanding of classroom teaching and learning, and to bring about change in classroom practices. Action research typically involves small-scale investigate project in the teacher’s own classroom, and consist of a number of phase which often recur in cycles: planning, action, observation and reflection. Gregory, Kemmis and McTaggart, 1998: 17-18 3 Action research is a teaching, learning, and decision-making process that can be used in a myriad of ways to assist the learning process of students and teachers. Hewitt et al, 2005 4 Action research is a means of improving student achievement through more effective teaching and administration of schools Cohen Manion, 1980; Elliot, 1991; Kemmis, 1981; Stenhouse, 1975. 5 Educators involved in action research became more flexible in their thinking, more open to new ideas, and more able to solve new problems Pine, 1981. 6 Engaging in action research influenced teachers’ thinking skills, sense of efficacy, willingness to communicate with colleagues, and attitudes toward professional development and the process of change Simmons, 1985. 7 Teachers engaged in action research depended more on themselves as decision makers and gained more confidence in what they believed about curriculum and instruction Strickland, 1988. 8 Action researchers were reading, discussing, thinking, and assessing ideas from related research with expanded analytical skills Simmons, 1985. Based on the explanation above, I could infer action research involves in the teacher’s own classroom, and that consist of planning, action, observation and reflection as a means of improving student achievement through more effective teaching and administration of schools where reading, discussing, thinking and assessing ideas there.

2.2.6.2 Aims of Action Research

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