POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH Politeness Strategies Of Inviting Utterances By English Department Students Of Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
By:
SHOLIHAH DWI NURAINI
A320130108
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER AND TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2017
TESTIMONY
I’m the researcher, signed on the statement below:
Name
: SHOLIHAH DWI NURAINI
NIM
: A320130108
Study/Program
: Department of English Education
Title
: Politeness Strategies of Inviting Utterances by English
Department Students of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there in no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of
university, nor there are option of masterpiece which has been written or
published by others, expect those in which writing are referred manuscript and
mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.
If later, the result of this research is proven as plagiarism, I will fully
responsible and willing to accept sanction in according with applicable regulation.
Surakarta, 27 Maret 2017
The Writer
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini
A320130108
ii
APPROVAL
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER
By:
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini
A320130108
Approved by Consultant:
Consultant 1
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum.
NIK. 225
iii
ACCEPTANCE
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
Written by:
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini
A320130108
Accepted by:
The Board of Examiners of School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The Board Examiner:
1. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum
(..................................................)
(Chair Person)
2. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D
(..................................................)
(Member I)
3. Koesomo Ratih, M.Hum
(..................................................)
(Member II)
Surakarta, 03 April 2017
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
School of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum
iv
NIP. 19650428 199303 1 001
MOTTO
“Allah will not give mercy to anyone, except those who give mercy to other
creatures.” (Anonymous)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedicated to:
My beloved father
(Mukriyanto)
My beloved mother
(Suwarti)
My older sister
(Prista Ayu Nurjannah)
My younger brother
(Muhammad Nurudin and Muhammad Nurhidayah)
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. All the praises be to
Allah who has given the ease and smoothness to the researcher, so the researcher
can finish this research paper entitled “POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF
INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA”. This research paper
is one of the requirements for getting bachelor degree of Department of English
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
This research paper cannot be finished without the help and the
constributions from many people. Thus, the researcher would like to express big
thanks to:
1.
Prof. Dr. H. Bambang Setiaji, the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
2.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, the Head of English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4.
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum, the researchers’ academic advisor.
5.
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum, the consultant who has given a lot of
knowledge, criticisms, and advice to researcher until this research paper is
finished.
6.
Siti Fatimah, S.Pd, M. Hum as the lecturer in speaking I who has given the
opportunity to the researcher to takes the data.
vii
7.
All the lectures in English Department of Muhmmadiyah University of
Surakarta, thank you very much for all the knowledge and experience that
have been shared to the researcher.
8.
All students who have participated in the data collection.
9.
Her beloved family (her father, her mother, her older sister, and her younger
brother), thank you very much for all the support, advice, motivation, and
prayer.
10.
Her crazy friends (Ibnu, Novita, Putri, Rian, and Dani) that have colored her
days with a joke, a smile, and a sorrow.
11.
Great family of EDSO 2014 who has given a lot of experience to the
researcher, especially for second division (miss. Irin, miss Intan, mr.
Wawan, Ibnu, Ambar, Zulfa, Vita, Dwiki, Wawan, Bachtiar, and Yusron).
12.
Her incredible partner of the first division (Fathoni and Tafsir) and her
beloved member of the first division 2015.
13.
Her beloved friends in Department of English Education who cannot be
mentioned one by one.
14.
The member of ‘Kos Unyu’ (mb. Yessy, mb. Dika, Evi, and Devi) who are
always give support and make her days cheerful.
15.
All staffs who help the researcher in processing the administration.
16.
Everyone who has helped the researcher.
Thank you very much for all of the prayer, advice, support, and
everything that has made the researcher successfully completed this research
paper. The writer hopes this research paper can provide benefits for everyone and
can contribute in education, especially in a field of linguistics.
Surakarta, 27 Maret 2017
The Writer
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini
viii
A320130108
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum
Department of English Education
University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta (57127)
E-mail: sholihahdn@gmail.com
ABSTRACK
This research focuses on invitation strategies and politeness strategies
used by English Department students. The data of this research are inviting
utterances made by the students of the first semester of English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The data sources are the documents
which consist of utterances of students’ answer. The researcher collects the data
by using DCT (Discourse Completion Task). The DCT contains the script dialog
that shows various scenarios. To analyze invitation strategies the researcher
adopted strategies of Suketi (2014), while to analyze politeness strategies the
researcher uses the theory of Brown and Levinson (1978).
The result shows that (1) there are fourteen strategies of invitation used
by English Department students and (2) there are four strategies of politeness used
by English Department students. The fourteenth strategies of invitation are
performative strategy, asking for willingness strategy, want strategy, imperative
strategy, hoping strategy, and the others strategy are the combination of asking for
willingness plus hoping strategy, asking for willingness plus imperative strategy,
hoping plus asking for willingness strategy, imperative plus hoping strategy,
performative plus asking for willingness strategy, performative plus hoping
strategy, want plus asking for willingness strategy, want plus hoping strategy, and
want plus performative strategy. Meanwhile, most of the students usually use the
strategy of asking for willingness, because this strategy is used to get definite
answer from the hearer; and the fourth strategies of politeness are bald-on record
strategy, off record strategy, positive politeness strategy, and negative politeness
strategy. Here, the most dominant strategy is negative politeness, because this
strategy is indicated by lengthening the distance. It emphasizes the hearers’ right
to freedom and can be seen as a deference strategy.
Keywords: invitation strategies, politeness strategies
ix
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum
Department of English Education
University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta (57127)
E-mail: sholihahdn@gmail.com
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini berfokus pada strategi undangan dan strategi kesantunan
yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Data dari penelitian ini
adalah ungkapan-ungkapan dalam mengundang yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa
semester I Jurusan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Sumber
datanya adalah dokumen-dokumen yang terdiri dari ungkapan-ungkapan dari
jawaban mahasiswa. Peneliti mengumpulkan data dengan menggunakan DCT
(Wacana Penyelesaian Tugas). Untuk menganalisis strategi undangan peneliti
menggunakan strategi dari Suketi (2014), sedangkan untuk menganalisis strategi
kesantunan peneliti menggunakan teori dari Brown dan Levinson (1978).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat empatbelas strategi
undangan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris dan (2)
terdapat empat strategi kesantunan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan
Bahasa Inggris. Keempatbelas strategi undangan tersebut adalah strategi
performatif, strategi meminta kesediaan, strategi keinginan, strategi imperatif,
strategi pengharapan, dan strategi lainnya adalah kombinasi dari strategi meminta
kesediaan plus pengharapan, strategi meminta kesediaan plus imperatif, strategi
pengharapan plus meminta kesediaan, strategi imperatif plus pengharapan, strategi
performatif plus meminta kesediaan, strategi performatif plus pengharapan,
strategi keinginan plus meminta kesediaan, strategi keinginan plus pengharapan,
dan strategi keinginan plus performatif. Sementara itu, kebanyakan siswa memilih
menggunakan strategi meminta kesediaan, karena strategi ini digunakan untuk
mendapatkan jawaban yang pasti dari mitra tutur; dan keempat strategi
kesantunan adalah strategi bald-on record, strategi off record, strategi kesantunan
positif, dan strategi kesantunan negatif. Disini, strategi yang paling dominan
adalah kesantunan negatif, karena strategi ini diindikasikan dengan adanya suatu
jarak. Strategi ini memberikan kebebasan hak pada mitra tutur dan dapat dilihat
sebagai strategi penghormatan.
Kata kunci: strategi mengundang, strategi kesantunan
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE .............................................................................................................
i
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................
ii
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................
iii
ACCEPTANCE ..............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
vii
ABSTRACK ...................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................
xiii
LIST OF TABLE ...........................................................................................
xiv
LIST OF APPENDIX ...................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study........................................................
1
B. Limitation of the Study ..........................................................
3
C. Focus of the Study..................................................................
3
D. Objective of the Study............................................................
3
E. Benefit of the Study ...............................................................
3
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Underlying Theory .................................................................
5
1.
Notion of Pragmatics ......................................................
5
2.
Scope of Pragmatics ........................................................
6
3.
Pragmatic Competence ...................................................
7
4.
Interlanguage Pragmatics ................................................
8
5.
Speech Act ......................................................................
9
xi
6.
Invitation .........................................................................
11
7.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
12
8.
Politeness ........................................................................
13
B. Previous Study .......................................................................
19
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research....................................................................
25
B. Object of the Study.................................................................
25
C. Research Data and Data Source .............................................
25
D. Technique of Collecting Data ................................................
25
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ................................................
28
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis .........................................................................
29
1.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
29
2.
Politeness Strategies .......................................................
63
B. The Findings ..........................................................................
98
1.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
98
2.
Politeness Strategies ........................................................
101
C. Discussion ..............................................................................
104
1.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
104
2.
Politeness Strategies ........................................................
105
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .............................................................................
107
B. Pedagogical Implication .........................................................
108
C. Suggestion ..............................................................................
109
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................
110
APPENDIX .....................................................................................................
113
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AW
: Asking for Willingness
AWH
: Asking for Willingness + Hoping
AWI
: Asking for Willingness + Imperative
BOR
: Bald on Record
H
: Hoping
HAW
: Hoping + Asking for Willingness
I
: Imperative
IH
: Imperative + Hoping
NP
: Negative Politeness
OR
: Off Record
P
: Performative
PAW
: Performative + Asking for Willingness
PH
: Performative + Hoping
PP
: Positive Politeness
W
: Want
WAW
: Want + Asking for Willingness
WH
: Want + Hoping
WP
: Want + Performative
xiii
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE
Table 3.1 Classification of Discourse Completion Task (DCT) ...................
26
Table 4.1 List of the Percentage of the Appropriateness of Invitation
Strategies .......................................................................................
98
Table 4.2 the Correlation between Familiarities and Social Status with the
Invitation Strategies.......................................................................
99
Table 4.3 the List of the Percentage of the Appropriateness of Politeness
Strategies .......................................................................................
101
Table 4.4 the Correlation between Familiarities and Social Status with the
Politeness Strategies ......................................................................
xiv
102
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1. Data of the Research....................................................................
xv
113
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
By:
SHOLIHAH DWI NURAINI
A320130108
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER AND TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2017
TESTIMONY
I’m the researcher, signed on the statement below:
Name
: SHOLIHAH DWI NURAINI
NIM
: A320130108
Study/Program
: Department of English Education
Title
: Politeness Strategies of Inviting Utterances by English
Department Students of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there in no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of
university, nor there are option of masterpiece which has been written or
published by others, expect those in which writing are referred manuscript and
mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.
If later, the result of this research is proven as plagiarism, I will fully
responsible and willing to accept sanction in according with applicable regulation.
Surakarta, 27 Maret 2017
The Writer
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini
A320130108
ii
APPROVAL
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER
By:
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini
A320130108
Approved by Consultant:
Consultant 1
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum.
NIK. 225
iii
ACCEPTANCE
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
Written by:
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini
A320130108
Accepted by:
The Board of Examiners of School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The Board Examiner:
1. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum
(..................................................)
(Chair Person)
2. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D
(..................................................)
(Member I)
3. Koesomo Ratih, M.Hum
(..................................................)
(Member II)
Surakarta, 03 April 2017
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
School of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum
iv
NIP. 19650428 199303 1 001
MOTTO
“Allah will not give mercy to anyone, except those who give mercy to other
creatures.” (Anonymous)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedicated to:
My beloved father
(Mukriyanto)
My beloved mother
(Suwarti)
My older sister
(Prista Ayu Nurjannah)
My younger brother
(Muhammad Nurudin and Muhammad Nurhidayah)
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. All the praises be to
Allah who has given the ease and smoothness to the researcher, so the researcher
can finish this research paper entitled “POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF
INVITING UTTERANCES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA”. This research paper
is one of the requirements for getting bachelor degree of Department of English
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
This research paper cannot be finished without the help and the
constributions from many people. Thus, the researcher would like to express big
thanks to:
1.
Prof. Dr. H. Bambang Setiaji, the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
2.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, the Head of English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4.
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum, the researchers’ academic advisor.
5.
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum, the consultant who has given a lot of
knowledge, criticisms, and advice to researcher until this research paper is
finished.
6.
Siti Fatimah, S.Pd, M. Hum as the lecturer in speaking I who has given the
opportunity to the researcher to takes the data.
vii
7.
All the lectures in English Department of Muhmmadiyah University of
Surakarta, thank you very much for all the knowledge and experience that
have been shared to the researcher.
8.
All students who have participated in the data collection.
9.
Her beloved family (her father, her mother, her older sister, and her younger
brother), thank you very much for all the support, advice, motivation, and
prayer.
10.
Her crazy friends (Ibnu, Novita, Putri, Rian, and Dani) that have colored her
days with a joke, a smile, and a sorrow.
11.
Great family of EDSO 2014 who has given a lot of experience to the
researcher, especially for second division (miss. Irin, miss Intan, mr.
Wawan, Ibnu, Ambar, Zulfa, Vita, Dwiki, Wawan, Bachtiar, and Yusron).
12.
Her incredible partner of the first division (Fathoni and Tafsir) and her
beloved member of the first division 2015.
13.
Her beloved friends in Department of English Education who cannot be
mentioned one by one.
14.
The member of ‘Kos Unyu’ (mb. Yessy, mb. Dika, Evi, and Devi) who are
always give support and make her days cheerful.
15.
All staffs who help the researcher in processing the administration.
16.
Everyone who has helped the researcher.
Thank you very much for all of the prayer, advice, support, and
everything that has made the researcher successfully completed this research
paper. The writer hopes this research paper can provide benefits for everyone and
can contribute in education, especially in a field of linguistics.
Surakarta, 27 Maret 2017
The Writer
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini
viii
A320130108
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum
Department of English Education
University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta (57127)
E-mail: sholihahdn@gmail.com
ABSTRACK
This research focuses on invitation strategies and politeness strategies
used by English Department students. The data of this research are inviting
utterances made by the students of the first semester of English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The data sources are the documents
which consist of utterances of students’ answer. The researcher collects the data
by using DCT (Discourse Completion Task). The DCT contains the script dialog
that shows various scenarios. To analyze invitation strategies the researcher
adopted strategies of Suketi (2014), while to analyze politeness strategies the
researcher uses the theory of Brown and Levinson (1978).
The result shows that (1) there are fourteen strategies of invitation used
by English Department students and (2) there are four strategies of politeness used
by English Department students. The fourteenth strategies of invitation are
performative strategy, asking for willingness strategy, want strategy, imperative
strategy, hoping strategy, and the others strategy are the combination of asking for
willingness plus hoping strategy, asking for willingness plus imperative strategy,
hoping plus asking for willingness strategy, imperative plus hoping strategy,
performative plus asking for willingness strategy, performative plus hoping
strategy, want plus asking for willingness strategy, want plus hoping strategy, and
want plus performative strategy. Meanwhile, most of the students usually use the
strategy of asking for willingness, because this strategy is used to get definite
answer from the hearer; and the fourth strategies of politeness are bald-on record
strategy, off record strategy, positive politeness strategy, and negative politeness
strategy. Here, the most dominant strategy is negative politeness, because this
strategy is indicated by lengthening the distance. It emphasizes the hearers’ right
to freedom and can be seen as a deference strategy.
Keywords: invitation strategies, politeness strategies
ix
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF INVITING UTTERANCES BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
Sholihah Dwi Nuraini, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum
Department of English Education
University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta (57127)
E-mail: sholihahdn@gmail.com
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini berfokus pada strategi undangan dan strategi kesantunan
yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Data dari penelitian ini
adalah ungkapan-ungkapan dalam mengundang yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa
semester I Jurusan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Sumber
datanya adalah dokumen-dokumen yang terdiri dari ungkapan-ungkapan dari
jawaban mahasiswa. Peneliti mengumpulkan data dengan menggunakan DCT
(Wacana Penyelesaian Tugas). Untuk menganalisis strategi undangan peneliti
menggunakan strategi dari Suketi (2014), sedangkan untuk menganalisis strategi
kesantunan peneliti menggunakan teori dari Brown dan Levinson (1978).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat empatbelas strategi
undangan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris dan (2)
terdapat empat strategi kesantunan yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Jurusan
Bahasa Inggris. Keempatbelas strategi undangan tersebut adalah strategi
performatif, strategi meminta kesediaan, strategi keinginan, strategi imperatif,
strategi pengharapan, dan strategi lainnya adalah kombinasi dari strategi meminta
kesediaan plus pengharapan, strategi meminta kesediaan plus imperatif, strategi
pengharapan plus meminta kesediaan, strategi imperatif plus pengharapan, strategi
performatif plus meminta kesediaan, strategi performatif plus pengharapan,
strategi keinginan plus meminta kesediaan, strategi keinginan plus pengharapan,
dan strategi keinginan plus performatif. Sementara itu, kebanyakan siswa memilih
menggunakan strategi meminta kesediaan, karena strategi ini digunakan untuk
mendapatkan jawaban yang pasti dari mitra tutur; dan keempat strategi
kesantunan adalah strategi bald-on record, strategi off record, strategi kesantunan
positif, dan strategi kesantunan negatif. Disini, strategi yang paling dominan
adalah kesantunan negatif, karena strategi ini diindikasikan dengan adanya suatu
jarak. Strategi ini memberikan kebebasan hak pada mitra tutur dan dapat dilihat
sebagai strategi penghormatan.
Kata kunci: strategi mengundang, strategi kesantunan
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE .............................................................................................................
i
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................
ii
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................
iii
ACCEPTANCE ..............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
vii
ABSTRACK ...................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................
xiii
LIST OF TABLE ...........................................................................................
xiv
LIST OF APPENDIX ...................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study........................................................
1
B. Limitation of the Study ..........................................................
3
C. Focus of the Study..................................................................
3
D. Objective of the Study............................................................
3
E. Benefit of the Study ...............................................................
3
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Underlying Theory .................................................................
5
1.
Notion of Pragmatics ......................................................
5
2.
Scope of Pragmatics ........................................................
6
3.
Pragmatic Competence ...................................................
7
4.
Interlanguage Pragmatics ................................................
8
5.
Speech Act ......................................................................
9
xi
6.
Invitation .........................................................................
11
7.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
12
8.
Politeness ........................................................................
13
B. Previous Study .......................................................................
19
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research....................................................................
25
B. Object of the Study.................................................................
25
C. Research Data and Data Source .............................................
25
D. Technique of Collecting Data ................................................
25
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ................................................
28
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis .........................................................................
29
1.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
29
2.
Politeness Strategies .......................................................
63
B. The Findings ..........................................................................
98
1.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
98
2.
Politeness Strategies ........................................................
101
C. Discussion ..............................................................................
104
1.
Invitation Strategies ........................................................
104
2.
Politeness Strategies ........................................................
105
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .............................................................................
107
B. Pedagogical Implication .........................................................
108
C. Suggestion ..............................................................................
109
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................
110
APPENDIX .....................................................................................................
113
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AW
: Asking for Willingness
AWH
: Asking for Willingness + Hoping
AWI
: Asking for Willingness + Imperative
BOR
: Bald on Record
H
: Hoping
HAW
: Hoping + Asking for Willingness
I
: Imperative
IH
: Imperative + Hoping
NP
: Negative Politeness
OR
: Off Record
P
: Performative
PAW
: Performative + Asking for Willingness
PH
: Performative + Hoping
PP
: Positive Politeness
W
: Want
WAW
: Want + Asking for Willingness
WH
: Want + Hoping
WP
: Want + Performative
xiii
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE
Table 3.1 Classification of Discourse Completion Task (DCT) ...................
26
Table 4.1 List of the Percentage of the Appropriateness of Invitation
Strategies .......................................................................................
98
Table 4.2 the Correlation between Familiarities and Social Status with the
Invitation Strategies.......................................................................
99
Table 4.3 the List of the Percentage of the Appropriateness of Politeness
Strategies .......................................................................................
101
Table 4.4 the Correlation between Familiarities and Social Status with the
Politeness Strategies ......................................................................
xiv
102
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1. Data of the Research....................................................................
xv
113