POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES USED BY STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH Politeness Strategies Of Directive Utterances Used By Students Of English Department Of Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta In Microteaching Class.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES USED BY
STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA IN MICROTEACHING CLASS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Proposed by:
RINI RESWARI
A320090070
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
i
ii
iii
iv
Motto
Wallahu ma’as shoobiriin
(Q.S Al-Anfat: 66)
Bersikaplah kukuh seperti batu karang yang tak putus – putusnya
dipukul ombak. Ia tak saja tetap berdiri kukuh, bahkan ia
menetramkan amarah ombak dan gelombang itu.
(Marcus Aurelius)
Sabar, ikhlas, tawakal, and InsyaAlloh everything is will be
(writer)
Dedication
This research paper is dedicated to:
© Her beloved Ibuk “Susilo Utami” and Babe “Joemari”
© Her beloved sister “Riki Sulistyaningtyas”
© Her beloved brothers “Rudi Hemawan and Roy Budi Prasetyo”
© Her beloved man Evan Restyawan and her beloved friends
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Bismillahirrohmanirrohim,
By the name of Allah SWT, the merciful, grateful to Allah has blessed the
writer for finishing this research paper entitled “Politeness Strategies on Directive
Utterances used by Students of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta in Microteaching Class” as a part of fulfillment to obtain the bachelor
degree.
The writer fully realizes that this research paper is not perfect enough because
of her limited knowledge and experience. It is also never completed without the help
of the other people, so the writer would like to express appreciation to those who
have contributed for the completing of this research paper.
1. Dra. Nining Setyaningsih, M. Hum. as the Dean of the School of Teacher
Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S. Pd. as the chief of English Department in Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta.
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum., her first consultant who gave
suggestions, guidance, advices, instructions and also motivation.
4. Siti Fatimah, S. Pd., M. Hum., as second consultant who gave suggestion and
guidance in making this research paper better.
vii
5. Giri Lumakto, S. Pd. as the academic consultant for the guidance.
6. Her beloved mother and father, Ibu Susilo Utami and Bpk. Joemari, for the
loves, support, pray, and everything.
7. Her beloved sister, Mbak Riki and brothers, Mas Rudi and Dik Tyok, and
also her beloved niece Afis who colored her life and never wants to loss you
till the end of time.
8. Evan Restyawan for his ungrudging help, support, love, and patience
without end.
9. Librarian in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for cordiality and
guidance.
10. Her best friends Ika, Silvia, Alit, Mbak Kristin, Mega, Mbak Kristin, Itsna,
and Nurul for the togetherness and happiness.
11. Her friends in “Ijo Holic” boarding house, Naniex and Rina for the
togetherness and erase her loneliness.
12. Her friends in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
13. And all of people who made this research paper completed.
Surakarta, July 2013
The Writer
viii
SUMMARY
Rini Reswari A320090070. POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF DIRECTIVE
UTTERANCES USED BY STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA IN MICROTEACHING
CLASS. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta. 2013
This research is aimed at answering three problem statements, namely the intentions
of directive utterances, the types of politeness strategies used in directive utterances, and
the language forms of directive utterances. In collecting the data, the researcher uses
recording, transcribing and documention method.
To answer the problem statements, the researcher uses the directive utterances
theory of Austin, the politeness strategy theory of Brown and Levinson, and the language
forms theory of Kreidler.
From the analysis, the researcher finds 224 data. The results of the analysis show
that the intentions of directive utterances of commanding utterance is 131 data (58.48%),
requesting utterance is 77 data (34.37%), suggesting utterance is 5 data (2.23%), inviting
utterance is 7 data (3.13%) and 4 data (1.79%) of warning utterance. Whereas the results
show that the types politeness strategies used is bald on record 132 data (59.20%), negative
politeness 14 data (6.27%), positive politeness 69 data (30.94%) and off-record strategy 8
data (3.59%). The last is the language forms of directive utterances that show 201 data
(90.13%) of imperative sentence, 16 data (7.17%) of interrogative sentence, and 6 data
(2.70%) of declarative sentence. In the conclusion, there are the correlations among the
intentions of directive utterances, the type of politeness utterances, and the language form
of directive utterance in this research paper that 100% of commanding utterances that
applying in the bald on record strategy are using imperative sentence.
Consultant II
Consultant I
Siti Fatimah, S.Pd, M.Hum.
Dra. Siti Zuhriah A., M. Hum.
Dean,
Dra. Nining Setyaningsih, M. Hum
ix
ABBREVIATION
S
P
O
DO
IO
= Subject
= Predicate
= Object
= Direct Object
= Indirect Object
x
TABLE OF THE CONTENT
COVER ......................................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL...............................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .........................................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY.............................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .....................................................................................................................
vi
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................
viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ......................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ...............................................................
1
B. Limitation of the Study ..................................................................
5
C. Problem Statement .........................................................................
5
D. Objective of the Study ...................................................................
6
F. Benefit of the Study ........................................................................
6
G. Research Paper Organization ..........................................................
7
xi
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................................
9
A. Notion of Pragmatic ........................................................................
7
B. Speech Act Theory…………………………………………….. ...
10
C. Politeness Strategy…………………………………………... .......
10
D. Directive Utterance……………………………………………… .
27
E. Language Form ...............................................................................
30
F. Sentence ..........................................................................................
32
G. The Elements of Sentence .............................................................
36
H. Previous Study ...............................................................................
38
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ..................................................................
42
A. Type of Research ...........................................................................
42
B. Object of Research ..........................................................................
42
C. Data and Data Source......................................................................
43
D. Technique of Collecting Data .........................................................
43
E. Technique of Analyzing Data .........................................................
44
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ........................................
45
A. DATA ANALYSIS ........................................................................................
45
1. The intention of Directive Utterance........................................................
45
a. Commanding ......................................................................................
45
b. Requesting ..........................................................................................
51
c. Suggesting ..........................................................................................
55
xii
d. Inviting ..............................................................................................
58
e. Warning .............................................................................................
61
2. Politeness Strategy of Directive Utterance ..............................................
63
a. Bald on Record ..................................................................................
63
b. Negative Politeness ...........................................................................
68
c. Positive Politeness .............................................................................
72
d. Off-Record .........................................................................................
75
3. The Language Form of Directive Utterance ............................................
77
a. Imperative Sentence ..........................................................................
77
b. Interrogative Sentence .......................................................................
82
c. Declarative Sentence .........................................................................
85
B. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................ 101
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION ............................................ 103
A. Conclusion .................................................................................................... 103
B. Suggestion ..................................................................................................... 105
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................... 107
APPENDIX ................................................................................................................ 109
Appendix I: Virtual Refference……………………………… .................................. 109
Appendix II: Data of the Research ………………………………………………... . 111
xiii
STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA IN MICROTEACHING CLASS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Proposed by:
RINI RESWARI
A320090070
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
i
ii
iii
iv
Motto
Wallahu ma’as shoobiriin
(Q.S Al-Anfat: 66)
Bersikaplah kukuh seperti batu karang yang tak putus – putusnya
dipukul ombak. Ia tak saja tetap berdiri kukuh, bahkan ia
menetramkan amarah ombak dan gelombang itu.
(Marcus Aurelius)
Sabar, ikhlas, tawakal, and InsyaAlloh everything is will be
(writer)
Dedication
This research paper is dedicated to:
© Her beloved Ibuk “Susilo Utami” and Babe “Joemari”
© Her beloved sister “Riki Sulistyaningtyas”
© Her beloved brothers “Rudi Hemawan and Roy Budi Prasetyo”
© Her beloved man Evan Restyawan and her beloved friends
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Bismillahirrohmanirrohim,
By the name of Allah SWT, the merciful, grateful to Allah has blessed the
writer for finishing this research paper entitled “Politeness Strategies on Directive
Utterances used by Students of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta in Microteaching Class” as a part of fulfillment to obtain the bachelor
degree.
The writer fully realizes that this research paper is not perfect enough because
of her limited knowledge and experience. It is also never completed without the help
of the other people, so the writer would like to express appreciation to those who
have contributed for the completing of this research paper.
1. Dra. Nining Setyaningsih, M. Hum. as the Dean of the School of Teacher
Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S. Pd. as the chief of English Department in Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta.
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum., her first consultant who gave
suggestions, guidance, advices, instructions and also motivation.
4. Siti Fatimah, S. Pd., M. Hum., as second consultant who gave suggestion and
guidance in making this research paper better.
vii
5. Giri Lumakto, S. Pd. as the academic consultant for the guidance.
6. Her beloved mother and father, Ibu Susilo Utami and Bpk. Joemari, for the
loves, support, pray, and everything.
7. Her beloved sister, Mbak Riki and brothers, Mas Rudi and Dik Tyok, and
also her beloved niece Afis who colored her life and never wants to loss you
till the end of time.
8. Evan Restyawan for his ungrudging help, support, love, and patience
without end.
9. Librarian in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for cordiality and
guidance.
10. Her best friends Ika, Silvia, Alit, Mbak Kristin, Mega, Mbak Kristin, Itsna,
and Nurul for the togetherness and happiness.
11. Her friends in “Ijo Holic” boarding house, Naniex and Rina for the
togetherness and erase her loneliness.
12. Her friends in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
13. And all of people who made this research paper completed.
Surakarta, July 2013
The Writer
viii
SUMMARY
Rini Reswari A320090070. POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF DIRECTIVE
UTTERANCES USED BY STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA IN MICROTEACHING
CLASS. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta. 2013
This research is aimed at answering three problem statements, namely the intentions
of directive utterances, the types of politeness strategies used in directive utterances, and
the language forms of directive utterances. In collecting the data, the researcher uses
recording, transcribing and documention method.
To answer the problem statements, the researcher uses the directive utterances
theory of Austin, the politeness strategy theory of Brown and Levinson, and the language
forms theory of Kreidler.
From the analysis, the researcher finds 224 data. The results of the analysis show
that the intentions of directive utterances of commanding utterance is 131 data (58.48%),
requesting utterance is 77 data (34.37%), suggesting utterance is 5 data (2.23%), inviting
utterance is 7 data (3.13%) and 4 data (1.79%) of warning utterance. Whereas the results
show that the types politeness strategies used is bald on record 132 data (59.20%), negative
politeness 14 data (6.27%), positive politeness 69 data (30.94%) and off-record strategy 8
data (3.59%). The last is the language forms of directive utterances that show 201 data
(90.13%) of imperative sentence, 16 data (7.17%) of interrogative sentence, and 6 data
(2.70%) of declarative sentence. In the conclusion, there are the correlations among the
intentions of directive utterances, the type of politeness utterances, and the language form
of directive utterance in this research paper that 100% of commanding utterances that
applying in the bald on record strategy are using imperative sentence.
Consultant II
Consultant I
Siti Fatimah, S.Pd, M.Hum.
Dra. Siti Zuhriah A., M. Hum.
Dean,
Dra. Nining Setyaningsih, M. Hum
ix
ABBREVIATION
S
P
O
DO
IO
= Subject
= Predicate
= Object
= Direct Object
= Indirect Object
x
TABLE OF THE CONTENT
COVER ......................................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL...............................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .........................................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY.............................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .....................................................................................................................
vi
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................
viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ......................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ...............................................................
1
B. Limitation of the Study ..................................................................
5
C. Problem Statement .........................................................................
5
D. Objective of the Study ...................................................................
6
F. Benefit of the Study ........................................................................
6
G. Research Paper Organization ..........................................................
7
xi
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................................
9
A. Notion of Pragmatic ........................................................................
7
B. Speech Act Theory…………………………………………….. ...
10
C. Politeness Strategy…………………………………………... .......
10
D. Directive Utterance……………………………………………… .
27
E. Language Form ...............................................................................
30
F. Sentence ..........................................................................................
32
G. The Elements of Sentence .............................................................
36
H. Previous Study ...............................................................................
38
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ..................................................................
42
A. Type of Research ...........................................................................
42
B. Object of Research ..........................................................................
42
C. Data and Data Source......................................................................
43
D. Technique of Collecting Data .........................................................
43
E. Technique of Analyzing Data .........................................................
44
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ........................................
45
A. DATA ANALYSIS ........................................................................................
45
1. The intention of Directive Utterance........................................................
45
a. Commanding ......................................................................................
45
b. Requesting ..........................................................................................
51
c. Suggesting ..........................................................................................
55
xii
d. Inviting ..............................................................................................
58
e. Warning .............................................................................................
61
2. Politeness Strategy of Directive Utterance ..............................................
63
a. Bald on Record ..................................................................................
63
b. Negative Politeness ...........................................................................
68
c. Positive Politeness .............................................................................
72
d. Off-Record .........................................................................................
75
3. The Language Form of Directive Utterance ............................................
77
a. Imperative Sentence ..........................................................................
77
b. Interrogative Sentence .......................................................................
82
c. Declarative Sentence .........................................................................
85
B. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................ 101
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION ............................................ 103
A. Conclusion .................................................................................................... 103
B. Suggestion ..................................................................................................... 105
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................... 107
APPENDIX ................................................................................................................ 109
Appendix I: Virtual Refference……………………………… .................................. 109
Appendix II: Data of the Research ………………………………………………... . 111
xiii