Procedure of Collecting Data Procedure of Analyzing Data

21 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS

A. Procedure of Collecting Data

In this research, the writer applied descriptive qualitative. The data were analyzed based on the concept of cohesion in using Theme and Rheme relation and thematic development. Regarding the systematization of data collection and data analysis, the writer partly prefer to the Eggins‟ suggestions 1994. The data were analyzed to find the phenomena of Theme and Rheme relation in thematic development on university students‟ writing. The data is written data which taken from students‟ writings in the English department of IKIP PGRI Semarang and the object of the research is the narrative paragraphs written by English department students in 2011-2012 academic year of IKIP PGRI Semarang. There are three steps in coding and classifying the data: 1. Taking and retyping students‟ narrative writings with computer so that it easy for me to mark each sentence of them with numbers and enable me to further analyze the paragraphs. 2. Identifying the occurrence of Theme-Rheme relation in thematic development by elaborating Theme-Rheme structure of the paragraphs. In identifying, I use technique of marking, i.e. bold typing and italic typing. The Bold typing words, phrases or clauses represent Theme, while the italic typing words, phrases or clauses represent Rheme. 20 3. Making a chart in every text in which cross-referential Thematic developments are shown by the exchange of information between the Rheme of previous clause to the Theme of the next or subsequent clauses.

B. Procedure of Analyzing Data

The analyses of the data in this study were conducted by the following procedure s. The first part of analysis is closely reading the students‟ writing then breaking up the texts into clauses for further analysis. The second was the analysis of types of Theme of each clause in the text on the basis of Eggins‟s theory 1994. In this case, each clause was identified to decide whether it has textual, interpersonal or topical Theme. The third part of analysis, the writer analyzed Thematic Progression Patterns used by students in their narrative paragraph. In analyzing this, the writer reads the paragraphs, described the clause in each paragraph. Finally, the writer observed the tendencies of the students in employing the Thematic Progression patterns in their narrative paragraph. In this case, each clause was identified to decide whether it had re-orientation, zig-zag or multiple theme patterns. 22 CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS This chapter shows the data analysis which covers the presentation of the research findings. These findings elaborate Theme and Rheme in Thematic developme nt on the English department students‟ narrative writings of IKIP PGRI Semarang. And to discuss the topic, I used the theory of Eggins 1994 about Theme and Rheme in Thematic development in analyzing the students‟ narrative writing.

A. Findings