INTRODUCTION Indonesian diplomacy towards Malaysia on Indonesian migrant workers faced death penalty 2010 - 2013

24 The migration of Indonesian migrant workers to Malaysia was declined during the War and also during the period of the confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia. However, it was increased again after the relationship between the Indonesian government and Malaysian Kingdom normalized. 36 Beside that, the migration of Indonesian Migrant Worker to Malaysia cannot be separated from the implementation of New Economic Policy NEP at 1971 – 1990. This policy has triggered the expansion of Industrial sector in Malaysia, especially in manufacture sector, and then followed by the addition of the employment in trade sector, services, and government, who are majority concentrated in urban areas. 37 These developments were influenced to the structure of the migrant workers who came to Malaysia, which can be explained by two causes. 38 First, the rapid development of manufacturing sector caused many young Malaysian moved to the urban city to fill the jobs in the manufacturing and service sectors. The higher level of education of the Malaysian also triggered this situation, especially after the implementation of New Economic Policy in 1970s. The higher level of education leading to increased expectations for work in the modern sector that promises the higher wages. As a result, there was a shortage of labor in the 36 Ida Bagoes Mantra. Indonesian Labor Mobility to Malaysia A Case Study: East Flores, West Lombok, and The Island of Bawean, paper presented at the National Workshop on International Migration at Yogyakarta, 9-11 March 1998, by the Population Studies Center, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia 37 Amalia Sustikartini, Dual Track Diplomacy Government-NGO: Solusi Alternatif Dalam Masalah Pelindungan TKI di Malaysia Depok: CERIC FISIP University of Indonesia, 2004, downloaded on November 21, 2014 available at http:www.ceric- fisip.ui.ac.idsitesdefaultfilescericresourcesAS-KajianIsuTKI.pdf 38 Azizah Kassim, International Migration and Its Impact on Malaysia, on Confidence Building and Conflict Reduction, 11 th ASPAC Roundtable, ASEAN-ISIS, 5-8 June 1997, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia