take more or less 25-30 of the total population. Based on the explanation above, the writer takes 40 samples of 160 students
D. Research Instrument
The research instrument which is used for this study consists of two instruments, they are: questionnaires and test. The questionnaires are given to the
students including some questions about 1 the teaching-learning process in the classroom, 2 the materials, 3 and the difficulties faced by the students. The test
is used to know how well the students have already understood in using tenses in writing and their difficulty in learning tenses.
In the research, the writer gives the test to the eighth grade students of SMP Cendrawasih 1 Cipete focused on the writing tenses as an instrument. The
test consists of 60 items of blank spaces which are divided into four parts: The first is ten items related simple present tense. It consists of
affirmative, negative, and interrogative in form of nominal sentences and verbal sentences.
The second is ten items related to simple past tense. It consists of affirmative, negative, and interrogative in form of nominal sentences and verbal
sentences. The third is ten items related to present progressive tense. It consists of
affirmative, negative, and interrogative in form of verbal sentences. The last is ten items related to past progressive tense. It consists of
affirmative, negative, and interrogative in form of verbal sentences.
E. Techniques of Data Collecting
Techniques of data collecting in this study are giving the test and questionnaire
to the students. The test is used to find out the students’ errors in learning simple present tense, simple past tense, present continuous tense, and
past continuous tense. It consists of four parts, each part consists of 10 items, and each number has 1 point. So, it will be accumulated to 40 points, divided into 4 in
order to get the score 10. Then, the questionnaire is used to find out why the
students’ make those errors. The form of test and questionnaires can be seen in the appendix.
F. Techniques of Data Analysis
