The Objectives of the Study The Significance of the Study

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

The study concerned on the pragmatic features of tag question and hedge in the utterances of male and female of Siladangnese. Based on the analysis, the conclusions are drawn as follows: 1. The Pragmatic features of tag question uttered by male Siladangnese is modal tag and the Pragmatic features of tag question uttered by female Siladangnese are modal tag and affective tag. It is also found that there are four pragmatic features of hedge found in the utterances of male Siladangnese namely hedge as a means of protection, as a means of certainty, as a means of uncertainty and as a means of limitation. Then, there are five pragmatic features of hedge in the utterances of female Siladangnese which are found in this study. They are a hedge as a means of protection, b hedge as a means of certainty, c hedge as a means of uncertainty, d hedge as a means of politeness, and e hedge as a means of limitation. 2. The differences of pragmatic features of tag question in utterances of male and female Siladangnese is male Siladangnese tend to utter modal tag as a means of uncertainty, while female Siladangnese utter more affective tag as a means of politeness. Then, the differences of pragmatic features of hedge in the utterances of male and female of Siladangnese is the function of hedging expression “Nakupikike I think” and “Okoh boto You Know”. The difference is that female Siladangnese utter the pragmatic features of hedge especially the expression “Nakupikike I think” function as a means of uncertainty and softening language, while male Siladangnese utter the 80 expression “Nakupikike I think” as a means of certainty . Another difference is that the use of hedging expression “Okoh boto You Know” in the utterances of male Siladangnese as a means of certainty, but in the utterances of female Siladangnese the expression “Okoh boto You Know” function as a means of positive politeness. 3. The context of male and female of Siladangnes utters more the pragmatic features of tag question and hedge is when both of sexes are in mix sex talk. Female Siladangnese utters more the pragmatic features of tag question and hedge when talk to male addressee. While male Siladangnese utters more pragmatic features of tag question and hedge in the context when he is talking to female addressee. 82 References Bogdan, R. C. Biklen, S. K. 1992. Qualitative Research for Education; Introduction to Theory and Methods. 2 nd edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Brown, P. and Levinson, S. 1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bunz, U., Campbell, S. 2003. Accommodating politeness indicators in personal electronic mail messages. Presented at Association of Internet Researchers’ 3 rd Annual Conference . Maastricht: The Netherlands. Cameron, D. 2007. The Myth of Mars and Venus. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Coates, J. 1988. Women, men and language. A sociolinguistic account of gender differences in language. 3 rd edition. London, UK: Longman. DeFrancisco, V. 1997. A Comparison of Gender Equality in Countries with Gendered, Natural Gender, and Genderless Languages . A Thesis. Clayton: Monash University Press. Denzim, N. K. Lincoln, Y. S. 1994. Handbook of Qualitative Reseacrh. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication. Deumert, A. Masinyana, S.O. 2008. Mobile language choices. The use of English and isiXhosa in text messages SMS: Evidence from a bilingual South African sample. A Journal of Language and Gender. Pp 107-131. Dubois, B. L., Crouch, I. 1975. The question of tag question in women’s speech: They don’t really use more of them, do they? A Journal of Language in Society. pp 38-54. Finch, Geoffrey. 2000. Linguistic Terms and Concepts. London: Wiley-Blackwell Fishman, P. 1980. Interaction: The work women do. Language, Gender and Society. In Eckert 2003. Cambridge University Press. Glass, Lilian. 1992. He Says She Says: Closing the Communication Gap Between the Sexes. New York: GP. Putnam and Sons Halliday, M.A.K. 1989. Text as semantic choice in social contexts. New York: Continuum. Herring, S. C. 1992. Gender and participation in computer-mediated linguistic discourse . A Thesis. Leeds Metropolitan University. Holmes, J. 1986. Functions of ‘you know’ in women’s and men’s speec Language. A Dissertation. Cambridge University Press.