Cohesion Coherence Discourse Competence

D. Methodology

In this research, the writer uses qualitative research. Bodgan and Tylor as stated by Moleong 1991:3 say that a qualitative research is a research of which the data is in the forms of written and oral words that are descriptively analyzed. In conducting his research, the writer takes a certain procedure covering three steps. They are: 1 determining the data and data source, 2 determining method of data collection, and 3 determining the data analysis. The writer took the data from the “Smart Steps” textbook for the 9 th grade of Junior High School. The data of the research is reading texts of “Smart Steps” for the 9 th grade of Junior High School. In collecting data, the writer used documentation method. It is with the instrument “Smart Steps” textbook and the technique in analyzing are the contents of the reading texts in “Smart Steps”. 1. Classifying the data based on the component analysis. They are the reading text of “Smart Steps” textbook and the exercises of the reading text in “Smart Steps” textbook. 2. Classifying the data into groups based on category of genre elements. The instrument of analysis is the characteristic of genres. The technique of analysis is to determine the reading text based on the characteristics of genres. 3. Classifying the data into groups based on the category of cohesion and coherence elements. The instruments of analysis are five types of cohesions; they are substitution, ellipsis, reference, conjunction, and lexical cohesion. The technique of analysis is to determine the five types of cohesion in every reading text. The instrument of analysis in coherence is the relationship between words, clauses or sentences. The technique of analysis is to determine the relation of words, clauses or sentences in every reading text. 4. Determining the compatibility between the reading the text in “Smart Steps” and KTSP curriculum. The instrument of analysis is reading text in “Smart Steps” textbook and KTSP curriculum. The technique of analysis is to determine the compatibility of “Smart Steps” textbook based on the KTSP curriculum. 5. Making conclusion and suggestion based on the data analysis. The writer concluded and made suggesting based on the data analysis.

E. Result and Discussion

After analyzing all the data, the writer finally finds out and arranges several findings. The findings are based on the element of genre, cohesion and coherence and the compatibility with content standard curriculum. The element of genre based on the “ Smart Steps “ book can be classified into five terms. They are: 1. Report The exercise of report text 1 and 2 use simple present tense and has no temporal conjunction. 2. Procedure The exercise of procedure text 4 and 5 focus on general human agent and simple present tense. 3. Descriptive The exercise of descriptive text 6 and 7 use simple present tense. 4. Recount The exercise of recount text 3 and 9 use simple past tense and action verbs. The exercise of recount text 8 is just using simple past tense. The exercise of recount text 10 is using present tense because that asks about generic structure.