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3. Dictation
Dictationistypeoftestwheretheexaminerdictatestextand examinees
rewrite thetextreadout.Participantswillbeasked
tohearthen rewritewhatwillbe readbytheexaminer.Examinerswillreadoutthesentencebysentencetogivea
breaktotheexamineesinrewritingthetextthatwasread.Thereadingmaterialis usually intheformofanarrativetext.Inthistest,participantspractiseslisteningand writing skills
such as letter formation to spelling, punctuation and lay-out, vocabulary, syntax, and grammar.
4. ObjectiveTests
Objectivetestsisoneofthetypesofteststhatconsist ofquestionsthat canbe
answered bytheexamineesby
selecting oneormoreofseveralpossibleanswersthat havebeenattached
totherespectiveitems,or by
wayofwritetheanswerintheform ofwordsinplaceorspacethathasbeenprovidedforeachitemconcerned.Objective
testis alsoknown
as shortanswer
test,yes-no testandnew
typetest.Objectivetest cantestinashorttimetheentirerangeofthesoundsystemofalanguage,orthe
majorgrammaticalpatterns,orrepresentativesampleof thevocabularytaughtduring
awholeyear or severalyear. Theycan scoredeasily. Ingeneral theobjective testscan bedivided into six kinds, namely:
a.Completiontest: Completiontestistypeoftestthataskstudentto completefill
thetest.Completiontestconsistsofsentencesthat thepartshad
beenremovedalready eliminated.Itwasreplacedby dots.....Thepoints
shouldbefilledorcompletedorperfectedby examineesandtheanswer
which bythe examiner hasbeen replaced.
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b. Shortanswer: Theshortanswertestistypeoftestwhichisgivenquestions
thatcanbe answeredin theformof statementswith asingleword,aphrase,a number or aformula.
c. True-false:True-falsetestisoneformoftestthatgivesthequestionsinthe
formofastatementstatement,thereis atruestatementandfalsestatement. Then examinees wereasked todeterminewhether thestatementis trueor false.
d.Multiplechoice: Multiplechoicetest isatestthatconsistsofpartof information,
parts of the possible answers or alternatives and one right answer amongpossible answer.
e. Matching:matchingtestisatesttoadjustortesttomatchaseriesof questions
andaseries ofanswers.Examinees asktofindandputanswers
are alreadyavailable, so itisappropriateor suitableor aspouseof thequestion.
f. Rearrangementexercise:Rearrangementtest isatest
intheformof aseries ofcompletesentencesandcorrect,
thendivorcedirregularly,sothatthe originalformunrecognizable,examineesareaskedtorearrangethesentence in
accordancewith the correctsequence.. In testing studentsability,therearetwo waysthatcan beused to obtain the
dataofstudentlearningoutcomes.Inthisresearch,Thewriteruses twotypesoftest
that consistofmultiplechoice andcompletion test.
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2.6 VerbForm
Auxiliary Verb Past
Did Saw
Ate Came
2.7 TimeExpressions
Sincethesimplepasttensereferstotheactivity endedinthepast,the
expressionoftimecanbeneglectedfromthepattern.Theexpressionofpasttime specify
thetimeinthepastwhenanactionwascompleted.Herearesomeexample expressionsfor
past time:
Time Meaning
Yesterday LastNight
ThismorningYesterd ayafternoon
Thedaybeforeyesterday Lastweek
Last month Lastyear
A week ago Two monthsago
Threeyearsago Kemarin
Tadimalam Tadipagi
Kemarin sore Kemarin lusa
Minggu lalu Bulan lalu
Tahun lalu Semingguyanglalu
Duabulan yanglalu
Tigatahun yanglalu
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2.8 Diagram of Simple Past Tense
