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Thinking framework THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

4. Technique of Data Collecting

The writer used the documentary study in this research by collecting the English summative test paper of first grade students of SMPN 3 Tangerang Selatan 20132014 academic year which had provided the answer key and students’ answer sheets to be analyzed.

5. The Instrument of the Study

a. English summative test paper

The writer used the English summative test paper which had been tested on Wednesday, December 11 th , 2013 at odd semester 20132014 academic year. b. Students’ answer sheets Studen ts’ answer sheets which is used by the students to answer the questions.

6. Technique of Data Analysis

This research, the writer used qualitative and quantitative analysis technique. In qualitative, the writer analyzed the difficulty level and discriminating power of each item whereas in quantitative, she calculated the data by using some formulas. Also, the analyzing had been conducted in the same times and procedures. 3 The step had been conducted with: 4 a Taking the English summative test paper and students’ answer sheets while she was following the practical teaching or PPKT b Arranged or ranked the score from the highest till the lowest c Divided the students into three groups: Upper, middle, and lower groups by arranging the s tudents’ score from the highest till the lowest scores. 3 J.B. Heaton, Writing English Language Tests, New York: Longman Inc., 1988, p. 182. 4 Antony J. Nitko, loc. cit. d Decided the total of students become: 27 Upper and lower group students because the writer used large groups more than 40 students. 5 The writer took 27 from the upper group 25 students’ answer sheet and 27 from the lower group 25 students’ answer sheet from 92 students’ answer sheet so the upper group is taken from number 1 till 25 and lower group from number 68 till 92. e Analyzing the test based on the difficulty level and discriminating power f Categorized and concluded the result of that analysis of the English Summative Test for first grade students at SMPN 3 Tangerang Selatan 20132014 academic year To calculate the level of difficulty and the discriminating power, it can use the formula as follows: 6 5 Loc. cit. 6 J.B. Heaton , loc. cit. FV = or FV = D =

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