moderate level and in the Hikmah’s study that the discriminating power also has the
same result to the writer’s research result that is good discriminating power.
D. Thinking framework
Evaluation is important in teaching and learning process to know the teacher’s successfulness, in term his or her teaching, arranging the lesson planning, giving
assignment, and controlling the classroom. One of the ways to get the information it can be obtained from the test.
Talking about the test, the teacher often uses the summative test because it is tested in the end of period of a course to know the students’ competence whether they
have already mastered all of the materials which have been taught by the teacher or not. To know all above, it can be conducted by analyzing the test items.
In analyzing the test, it can be conducted by the teacher or the test maker after tested the test to the students. By analyzing the test items, it will be better if the
teacher analysis the test based on the difficulty level and the discriminating power in the same times and procedures. Because, in analyzing the test items the teacher not
only know the level of difficulties in term easy, moderate, and difficult items but also know how well the test items discriminate the upper and lower group students and
whether the test items are able to be used for the next exam. So, by doing the analyzing the test, it is very useful for teachers, students, and
all of the elements of education to improve the teaching and learning process from a small things.
30
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Place and Time of the Research
This research was conducted at SMPN 3 Tangerang Selatan which is located on Jl. Ir. H. Juanda Ciputat 15412, Tangerang Selatan. The writer conducted this
research by taking the English Summative Test and students’ answer sheets of odd
semester 20132014 academic year.
2. Method of the Research
This study is categorized as a qualitative research by using the descriptive analysis because the writer described the difficulty level and discriminating power by
analyzing the test items of the English summative test of the first grade students of SMPN 3 Tangerang Selatan. This research is also supported by some numerical data
which are analyzed statistically by using Anates Program and manual counting.
3. Population and Sample
The writer took the data from the first grade students of SMPN 3 Tangerang Selatan. She only took
92 students’ answer sheets as a purposive sampling.
1
Then, the writer divided the students into three groups: upper, middle, and lower by arranging
the students’ score from the highest till the lowest scores. But the writer only took 27 of the upper and lower group of students to be analyzed because the writer used
large groups more than 40 students.
2
1
Suharsimi Arikunto, Manajemen Penelitian, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2007, p. 97.
2
Antony J. Nitko, Educational Tests and Measurement: An Introduction, New York: Marcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc, 1983, p.287.
4. Technique of Data Collecting
The writer used the documentary study in this research by collecting the English summative test paper of first grade students of SMPN 3 Tangerang Selatan
20132014 academic year which had provided the answer key and students’ answer
sheets to be analyzed.
5. The Instrument of the Study
a. English summative test paper
The writer used the English summative test paper which had been tested on Wednesday, December 11
th
, 2013 at odd semester 20132014
academic year. b.
Students’ answer sheets
Studen ts’ answer sheets which is used by the students to answer the
questions.
6. Technique of Data Analysis
This research, the writer used qualitative and quantitative analysis technique. In qualitative, the writer analyzed the difficulty level and discriminating power of
each item whereas in quantitative, she calculated the data by using some formulas. Also, the analyzing had been conducted in the same times and procedures.
3
The step had been conducted with:
4
a Taking the English summative test paper and students’ answer sheets while
she was following the practical teaching or PPKT b Arranged or ranked the score from the highest till the lowest
c Divided the students into three groups: Upper, middle, and lower groups by arranging the s
tudents’ score from the highest till the lowest scores.
3
J.B. Heaton, Writing English Language Tests, New York: Longman Inc., 1988, p. 182.
4
Antony J. Nitko, loc. cit.
