73 This purpose requires additional decisions about the relative
importance of complementary, mutually supporting or conflicting information and the likely restructuring of a rhetorical frame to
accommodate information from multiple sources.
d. Reading for general comprehension
Reading for general comprehension requires very rapid and automatic processing of words, strong skills in informing a general
meaning representation of main ideas, and efficient coordination of many processes under very limited time constraints.
The essential purpose of all reading generally is to get new information and or pleasure, not to go over what is known already or what
is inconsequential to the reader in the first place.
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3. Approaches and Principles in Reading Instruction
The term approaches refers to the broad ways reading programs are packaged and delivered as instructional programs.
Allington classified three approaches to reading instruction, namely: basal-reader approaches, language-experience approach, and
individualized approach.
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e. Basal Reader approaches are based on the stories, skills, and suggestions
of a group-qualified author who have put together a sequential reading program or system designed for specific instructions across the grades.
Today’s basal programs come in many shapes, sizes, and packages. Some of them are called reading systems, which consist of graduated levels, and
an organization of skills, which features consistent reinforcement and
31
Jo Mc Donough, Materials and Methods in ELT: A Teachers Guide, Colchester: Blackwell, 1992, p. 104.
32
Richard Allington, Learning through..., pp. 27-28
74 evaluation. They are the most popular material for reading instruction.
Most basal, however, present a somewhat eclectic approach combining instruction in decoding skills, whole-word recognition, use of context, and
comprehension. f.
Language Experience Approach LEA, a second popular method of teaching reading. In this approach the teacher begins with group
experience stories. These stories serve to introduce reading as a meaningful language activity as well as to introduce a basic vocabulary.
g. Individualized approach or individualized reading, another approach
commonly integrated with LEA. Simply stated, individualized reading is an approach based on students self-selecting reading materials, principally
trade books. This approach is currently regaining popularity, particularly among those who accept psycholinguistic models of reading, because the
underlying theme is that, to become proficient, one must enjoy reading and read widely.
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CHAPTER III THE PROFILE OF JAM’IYYAH ISLAMIYYAH
BOARDING SCHOOL
A. The Definition of Boarding School
