4. Reflecting Reflection is a way to see whether the implementation of 3-P Technique in
presentation is successful to improve students’ speaking competence.
E. Technique of Collecting Data
There are two kinds of data, quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data in numbers are taken from pretest or the test that is carried out before and
posttest or after the cycles are implemented. The results of them are used to know the students’ improvement in speaking.
Meanwhile, qualitative data, in the form of words are taken from the result of observation done by the teacher while the actions are being carried out. I conduct
direct observation in the classroom, gave questionnaire, and interviewed the classroom teacher and the students of eleventh RSBI class. She also used video,
photograph, and field notes. The writer asks his friend as his collaborator to observe the classroom interaction and to collect needed information. The writer needs to make
sure the collaborator understands the observation instrument and used it effectively. The technique of collecting data in this research can be seen in the following
table:
Table 3.2 Technique of Collecting Data
Technique Target
Purpose Data
Students Teaching and
learning activity 1. Observation
Teacher To watch and record
action Field note
Teacher’s Diary
Students Interview
transcript 2. Interview
Collaborator To
know the
participants feeling in non-face-to
face interaction
Interview transcript
3. Questionnaire
Students To get responses in
non-face-to face
interaction Questionnaire
scoring 4. Test
Students To get information
about the current and previous
mark, judgement
and situation
Speaking scores
The description of data collection process is presented in the following section. 1 Observation
Observation is an activity of watching and recording action and behavior of research participants. I and my collaborator observed the activities of my students and
the progress of teaching and learning in speaking class. The data gained in the observation is in the form of narrative text from the field note.
2. Interview Interview is a conversation with specific purposes. The aims of interview are
getting here and now construction about people, events, activities, organization, feelings, and motivation. Reconstruction of those things in the past, projection of
those things in the future, verification, changes and the extent of information are gained from other sources.
In this method I make personal interactions which generate data about the research issues and allow specific issues to be discussed from other peoples’
perspective. It is done to the students as well as to the teachers of English at SMAN 1 Bojonegoro and from the school where I make the research. The objective is to know
what the students felt about the speaking teaching learning process in the classroom and their problems in mastering speaking competence especially in presentation. For
teachers, the objective is to know what they had done so far in teaching English and their problems in teaching English speaking especially presentation.
3. Questionnaires In this method I use a written set of questions to gain responses in non face to
face situations and the questions are focused on specific issue of problems faced by the students in improving their speaking competence in presentation. It is done as
means of need analysis to know the students profile and their prior knowledge and mastery of speaking and their need for improvement.
4. Document analysis This is the analysis to the collections of various documents which are relevant
to the research questions which include students’ competence test. I analyzed the result of the students’ competence scored by me and the collaborator to know the
students’ improvement in their speaking competence. All the data are then accumulated and analyzed in order to give the validity of the result.
F. Technique of Analyzing Data
