Bayan al-alif : Dirasah tahqiqiyyah
ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ
)ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ(
ﲝﺚ
ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ
ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ:
ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ105021000809 :
ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ
ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
2011ﻡ 1432 /ﻫـ
ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍﺀ
ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺑﲔ
ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﻔﺮﱄ ﺫﻧﻮﰊ ﻭﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﲪﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﺻﻐﲑﺍ
ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ
)ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ(
ﲝﺚ
ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ
ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ:
ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ105021000809 :
ﲢﺖ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ:
ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺩﻳﺐ ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ1973002242008011009 :
ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ
ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
2011ﻡ 1432 /ﻫـ
ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺻﺮﺣﺖ ﺑﺄﻥﹼ:
.1ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻛﺘﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ
ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﲝﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
.2ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ
ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
.3ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﻝ ﻷﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﺩﻭﻥ
ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻗﺮﺭﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ
ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ 21،ﻓﱪﻭﺍﺭﻱ 2011
ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﲤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﻪ " ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ :ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ " ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳉﻨﺔ
ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﰲ 18ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ 1432ﻫـ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ 21
ﻓﱪﻭﺍﺭﻱ 2011ﻡ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ
ﰲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ.
ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ
ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ 18 ،ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ 1432ﻫـ
2011ﻡ
21ﻓﱪﻭﺍﺭﻱ
ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ
ﺳﻜﺮﻳﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻧﺪﻭﺱ ﺃﺩﻧﺞ ﺃﺳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ195905101991031001:
ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻫﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ197506302003122001:
ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ196908081996031003:
ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻫﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ197506302003122001:
ﲡﺮﻳﺪ
ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ :ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ :ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ.
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﻘﺎﰲﹼ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻜﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ .ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ
ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ.
ﺃﻥﹼ ﻗﻠﹼﺔ ﺍﻝﲝﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺜﲑ ﻓﺠﻮﺓ ﺑﲔ
ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ .ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﺳﻨﺘﺎﺭﺍ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ
ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﻨﻮﺳﻨﺘﺎﺭﺍ .ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ
ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ.
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ
ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" .ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺞﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ
ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ) .(NB. 228 Iﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﻮﻭﺍﻧﺞ ).(Dluwang
ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ .ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﹺﺿﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ
ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ 2009ﻡ ﻭﳍﺎ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ).(Tas/03/PNRI/2009
ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻚﺷﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﳊﺮﻑ
ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﹼﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ
ﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ.
ﻭﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﻮﺳﻨﺘﺎﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺣﻲ ﳌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ
ﺃﺛﺮﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ.
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ABSTRAKS
Naskah kuno (manuskrip) adalah peninggalan kebudayaan tertulis yang
tidak dimiliki oleh setiap negara di dunia. Naskah yang dimaksud adalah setiap
dokumen yang ditulis sebelum awal abad ke-20 Masehi dan meliputi setiap
naskah tertulis baik yang berbentuk buku ataupun yang lainnya.
Minimnya
kajian-kajian
ilmiah
tentang
naskah-naskah
keislaman
mengakibatkan terjadinya kesenjangan antara hubungan permasalahan masa
lampau dengan saat ini. Naskah Islam Nusantara merupakan salah satu
peninggalan budaya Islam terpenting di Nusantara, naskah-naskah yang ditulis
dengan berbagai macam bahasa tersebut merupakan referensi terpenting dalam
konteks kajian keislaman termasuk di dalamnya adalah kajian sufistik.
Salah satu naskah yang membahas tentang kajian sufistik adalah naskah
yang berjudul Bayan al-Alif. Naskah ini merupakan koleksi terbaru Perpustakaan
Nasional RI. Jakarta dengan nomor koleksi NB 228 I. Naskah ini ditulis di atas
kertas Dluwang. Naskah ini merupakan naskah tunggal dan telah dikaji ulang
pada tahun 2009 dengan nomor Tas/03/PNRI/2009.
Naskah berbahasa Arab ini menjelaskan makna filosofis huruf Alif dalam
kajian sufistik diantaranya adalah Konsep Tajalli di balik huruf Alif dan makna
harfiyah yang terdapat pada lafadz Allah.
Tidak diragukan lagi bahwa naskah tersebut merupakan bagian terpenting
dalam sejarah spritualitas di Nusantara yang memiliki pengaruh yang sangat besar
dalam perkembangan pemikiran Islam khususnya pada saat ditulisnya naskah
tersebut maupun pada masa sesudahnya.
ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ
ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ .ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺙ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻔﺎﻩ
ﻭﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﻤﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ ﳌﺎ ﺃﻏﻠﻖ
ﻭﺍﳋﺎﰎ ﳌﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺮﺍﻃﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ
ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ.
ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ،ﻓﺄﺷﻜﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻌﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺮﻃﺎ ﻻﺯﻣﺎ ﻹﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ.
ﻭﻳﺴﺮﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺪ ﱄ
ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﺧﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ:
.1ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ
ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ،ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻧﺪﻭﺱ
ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺃﺩﺍﻧﺞ ﺃﺳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ،ﻭﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻫﻴﺎ
ﺑﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ،ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ
ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﻭﺗﺜﻘﻴﻔﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪﻫﻢ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ.
.2ﻣﺸﺮﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺩﻳﺐ ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ
ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ
ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ ﺣﱴ ﲤﻜﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .ﺟﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ
ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ.
.3ﺃﻣﲔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
)(Perpustakaan Nasional RI., Jakarta
ﻭﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺮﻭﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ
"ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
.4ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺑﲔ ،ﺃﰊ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺟﻮﺟﻮ ﻏﺰﺍﱄ
ﻭﺃﻣﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺣﻠﻴﻤﺔ
)Lily Halimah
)(H. Jojo Ghozali
،(Hj.ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺬﻻ
ﺟﻬﻮﺩﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﱵ ﻭﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﱵ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ
ﺧﲑﺍﺕ ﻻ ﲢﺼﻰ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﻐﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ .ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ
ﺫﻧﻮﻤﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﲪﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﺓ.
.5ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻴﻖ ﺃ .ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ )،(dr. A. Muchtar Nasirﻭﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ
ﺍﳋﲑ
)Khaer, S.Th.I
،(Miftahulﻭﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻻﱐ
(Amiruddin
) Maulaniﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻋﻄﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ
ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻟﻠﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺑﲔ.
.6ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
))UIN Jakarta
(Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat
(PPIMﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ
Unit (ILMU) PPIM UIN Jakarta
ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
Islamic
Manuscriptsﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ
)Oman Fathurahman, M.Hum
(Dr.ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺮﻓﲏ
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻴﻠﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ .ﺟﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ.
.7ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﻴﺬ ﲟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﻧﺘﺖ ﻓﺴﻨﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺸﺮﺑﻮﻥ
) .Pesantren Cirebonﻧﻔﻌﲏ ﺍﷲ ﻢ ﻭﺑﻌﻠﻮﻣﻬﻢ.
(Buntet
.8ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ) ،(Anna Khoirunnisaﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻋﻄﺘﲏ ﺍﻟﻐﲑﺓ
ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﳊﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ .ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺿﺎﻧﺎ ﺣﺒﻨﺎ.
.9ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ
Komisariat Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora Himpunan
،Mahasiswa Islam (HMI) Cabang Ciputatﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﱐ ﻫﺮﻳﺎﺩﻱ
) ،(Haryadiﻭﺭﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﲑﺳﺎ ﻓﻮﺗﺮﺍ ) ،(Riki Mirsa Putraﻭﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻣﲎ،
ﻭﺧﲑﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ،ﻭﺃﺭﺳﺘﻴﺎ ﻳﻮﺳﺘﺎﻧﺎ
)Yustana
،(Aristyaﻭﻣﺸﻔﻊ
) ،(Musyafakﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ.
!!!Yakin Usaha Sampai..
.10ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ
ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ 2005ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺃﺏ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻦ
(Abun
) Bunyamin, S.S.ﻭﺣﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻔﻲ .ﳒﺤﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ.
.11ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﱂ ﺃﺫﻛﺮﻫﻢ .ﺷﻜﺮﺍ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻜﻢ.
ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﺁﻣﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ
ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ
ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ ................................................
ﺃ
ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ................................................ﺏ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ...........................ﺝ
ﲡﺮﻳﺪ .........................................................
ﺩ
ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ..................................................
ﻭ
ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ...............................................ﻱ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺃ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ 1 ............................................
ﺏ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ 7 .............................................
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ 7 .........................................
ﺩ .ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ 8 ..............................................
ﻩ .ﺧﻄﹼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ 9 ..............................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﱐ :ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ"
ﺃ .ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" 11 .............................
ﺏ .ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ 14 .........................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﻟﺚ :ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ
ﺃ .ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ15 ....................................
ﺏ .ﻧﺺ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ 16 ...........................................
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﹼﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ28 ..............................
ﺩ .ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺺ32 ...................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ
ﺃ .ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﹼﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ 37 ............................
ﺏ .ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ 38 ..................................
ﺝ .ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ 38 ...............................................
ﺩ .ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ 39 ..........................................
ﻩ .ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ 39 ...........................................
ﻭ .ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ40 ..........................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﺧﺎﲤﺔ
ﺃ .ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ 41 ....................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ 42 ................................................
ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ 45 .................................................
ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻮﺍﺣﻖ 46 .......................................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺃ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﻘﺎﰲﹼ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ.
F0
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲞﻂﹼ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ،ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻷﺣﺠﺎﺭ ﺃﻡ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﺎﺏ ،ﻭﺍﳉﻠﻮﺩ ،ﻭﺳﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ،
ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﺵ .ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺮﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺧﻄﹼﺖ
ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺃﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻄﺒﻊ.
F1
ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ
Chambert-Loir
Henriﻭ
Fathurahman
Omanﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﻤﺎ
Khazanah Naskah: Panduan Koleksi Naskah-naskah Indonesia Sedunia (World
1
Haryati Soebadio, Penelitian Naskah Lama Indonesia dalam Buletin
Yaperna Vol. II No. 7, (Jakarta: Yaperna, 1975).
ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺪ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺣﻢ ،(1424 ،ﺹ.
15
1
2
)to Indonesian Manuscript Collections
،Guideﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ
ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩﻱ .ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ
F2
ﻧﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ .ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻃﺒﻌﻪ
F3
ﺑﻌﺪ ،ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﲞﻂﹼ ﻣﺆﻟﹼﻒ ﺃﻭ ﲞﻂﹼ ﻧﺎﺳﺦ ﻏﲑﻩ .ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺻﻮﺭ
ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺼﻮﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﳌﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﳐﻄﻮﻁ ﺃﺻﻠﻲ.
F4
ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ .ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻟﻮﻧﺘﺎﺭ ) ،(lontarﻭﻭﺭﻕ ﻧﻴﺒﺎﻩ ) ،(nipahﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﺩﻱ ، (papirus) ﻭﺩﺍﻟﻮﻭﺍﻧﺞ
) ،(dluwangﻭﺍﻟﻘﹸﻤﺎﺵ ) ،(kainﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻡ ،ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺰﺭﺍﻥ ،ﻭﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﺑﻴﺔ
(kertas
) .Eropaﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،ﻭﻓﻮﻟﻜﻠﻮﺭ
3
Henri Chambert-Loir dan Oman Fathurahman, Khazanah Naskah:
Panduan Koleksi Naskah-naskah Indonesia Sedunia (World Guide to
Indonesian Manuscript Collections), cet. 1 (Jakarta: Ecole francaise d’ExtremeOrient dan Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 1999), h. 10.
ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻠﻲ ،ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ،ﻁ ) 1ﺟﺪﺓ :ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ 1982 ،ﻡ( ،ﺹ 34
ﻓﻬﻤﻲ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﳎﺰﻭﺏ ،ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ،ﻁ ) 1ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ :ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ،
1993ﻡ( ،ﺹ 13
3
)rakyat
،(folklore/ceritaﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻮﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺜﹼﻘﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻢ
ﻃﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﹼﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ.
5F
ﻭﺟﺎﺋﺖ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ
ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ،ﻭﺗﻜﺎﺩ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ،ﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ
ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ،ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺿﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ،
ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺳﺮ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺋﻪ ،ﻭﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻟﻎ
ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ.
F6
ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ،ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
(Perpustakaan Nasional RI.,
6
Sinta Ridwan, Kita Ada di Masa Kini Karena Masa Lalu, artikel
diakses pada 23 Juni 2010 dari
_http://duniasintaridwan.multiply.com/journal/item/163/makalah_diskusi_naskah
kuno_dan_filologi
ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﻭﻩ ،ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﻁ ) 1ﺩﻣﺸﻖ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ،ﺩ.ﺕ( ،ﺹ .25
4
) Jakartaﻭ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻥ ) (Leiden Universityﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ
ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻮﺭﻳﺎ ) (Victoriaﰲ ﺃﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ.
F7
ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ 10000
ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ .ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ 1000ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ
F8
ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ،ﻭﺳﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ
ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﻻ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ
1T
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺘﻤﻊ
ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ
ﻣﻘﺪﺳﺔ.
1T
ﻭﺟﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥﹼ ﻗﻠﹼﺔ ﺍﻝﲝﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺗﺜﲑ ﻓﺠﻮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ
0T1
T1
8
Sanwani, Koleksi Naskah Kuno Perpustakaan Nasional RI, 11
September 2008 (Jakarta: PNRI, 2008), h. 5.
9
Tuti Munawar dan Nindya Noegraha, Khasanah Naskah Nusantara
dalam Tradisi Tulis Nusantara: Kumpulan Makalah Simposium Tradisi Tulis
Nusantara 4-6 Juni 1996 (Jakarta: Masyarakat Pernaskahan Nusantara, 1997), h.
39.
5
ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﳌﻦ ﻳﺘﻘﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ
ﺑﺬﻟﻚ.
1
T9F
ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﺳﻨﺘﺎﺭﺍ
(Nusantara)
10F
ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﻨﻮﺳﻨﺘﺎﺭﺍ .ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ
ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﻝﻝﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ.
F1
1T
ﺇﻥﹼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ
ﺃﻥﹼ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ
ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ.
10
Nabilah Lubis, Naskah, Teks, dan Metode Penelitian Filologi, cet. 4
(Jakarta: Puslitbang Lektur Keagamaan, Badan Litbang dan Diklat, Departemen
Agama RI., 2007), h. 3-5.
˺˺ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺂﺳﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ).(Asia Tenggara
12
Azyumardi Azra, Naskah Islam Nusantara, artikel diakses pada 17 Juli
2010 dari http://www.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/section-blog/28-artikel/1553-naskahislam-indonesia.html
6
1T
ﺗﺄﺳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻘﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﷲ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﺘﺰﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺣﻴﺔ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﺟﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ،ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻊ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ
T12F1
1T
ﺃﻧﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻻﻣﻌﺔ ،ﻭﲦﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﺎﻧﻌﺔ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﺰﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺲ ،ﻭﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻷﺭﺟﺎﺱ ،ﻭﻳﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺿﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ،ﻭﺧﻼﺻﺘﻪ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺮﻉ ﺍﷲ،
ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﷲ ،ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺠﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻛﻞﹼ ﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺪﺭ،
ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺇﳘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﶈﻈﻮﺭ.
T13F1
1T
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ
ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" .ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺞﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ
1T
ﺑﺮﻗﻢ
)228 I
.(NB.ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ.
1T
1T
ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁﺓ
ﺗﻚﺷﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ.
dan
Pemikiran,
13
M. Jamil, Cakrawala Tasawuf, Sejarah,
Kontekstualitas (Jakarta: Gaung Persada, 2004), h. 10.
ﺯﻛﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ )ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ :ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ2004 ،
ﻡ( ،ﺹ.33-19 .
7
ﺏ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﲝﺚ ﻫﻮ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ :ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ" ﻭﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﲝﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺓ
ﻗﺼﲑﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ.
ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ،ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻗﹼﺔ
ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ .ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ،ﻓﺎﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺺ
"ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ .ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ
ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻧﺺ" ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ".
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ،ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
.1ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺺ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﻲ
ﺗﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ.
.2ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ.
8
ﺩ .ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ،ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ .ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺟﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺪﺑﺮ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ
ﻓﻬﻢ ،ﻭﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻫﻮﺍﻣﺶ .ﻭﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ
ﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ
ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﺃﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ
ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ.
F14
ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ:
.1ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺎﺭ ﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ.
.2ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻭﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ
ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﺰﻫﺮﺓ ﴿ ﴾
ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺳﲔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ } {.
15
Edward Djamaris, Metode Penelitian Filologi (Jakarta: Pusat
Pengembangan, Pembinaan, dan Pengembangan Bahasa, 1991), h. 15.
9
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭﺓ ﰲ
ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
.2007
Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi Bahasa dan Sastra Arab (Jakarta: Fakultas Adab dan
Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2007).
ﻩ .ﺧﻄﹼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺗﻴﺔ:
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
:
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﱐ
:
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﻟﺚ
:
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ،ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ
ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ،
ﻭﺧﻄﹼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺻﻒ
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻭﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ
10
ﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ ﻭﻧﺺ" ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﹼﻘﺔ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺺ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
:
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :
ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ.
ﺧﺎﲤﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ
ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻮﺍﺣﻖ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﱐ
ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ"
ﺃ .ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ"
ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ) (Perpustakaan Nasional RI., Jakartaﺑﺮﻗﻢ ) .(NB. 228 Iﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ .ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﹺﺿﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ
2009ﻡ ﻭﳍﺎ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ).(Tas/03/PNRI/2009
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﻮﻭﺍﻧﺞ
) .(Dluwangﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺱ
ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ 28ﺱ.ﻡ 21,5 × .ﺱ.ﻡ ،.ﻭ 18ﺱ.ﻡ 12,2 × .ﺱ.ﻡ.
ﳌﻘﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ .ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﰲ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻭ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺴﻊ
ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﻞﹼ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ.
11
12
ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﳋﻂﹼ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﻲ
ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺨﲔ ﻭﺍﳊﱪ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻛﻠﹼﻬﺎ .ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ
ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ،ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ
) ،(Illustrasiﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺒﺎﺕ
) ،(Alihan/Catchwordsﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺍﺓ ) ،(Illuminasiﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ) .(Scholiaﺭﻗﹼﻤﻬﺎ
ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞﹼ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ
ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ.
ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﹼﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ
ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﻴﺔ .(Jawa Pegon)ﻭﰲ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻓﻮﻥ
P
P0F
) ،(Kolofonﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻫﻮ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" .ﻭﻟﻴﺲ
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﹼﻒ ،ﻭﻻ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ،ﻭﻻ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ،ﻭﻻ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ.
ﻭﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﹼﻒ ﺑـ:
ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﹼﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ) (Jawa Pegonﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺬﹼﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ
ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ) .(Bahasa Jawaﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ
ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻧﺪﺍﻭﻳﺔ ) (Bahasa Sundaﰲ ﺟﺎﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ) (Jawa Baratﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺟﻴﺴﻴﺔ ) (Bahasa Bugisﰲ
ﺳﻮﻻﻭﻳﺴﻲ (Sulawesi) ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﻭﻳﺔ ) (Bahasa Melayuﰲ ﺳﻮﻣﻄﺮﺍ ) .(Sumateraﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺼﺎﺭﺕ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﹼﻴﺔ .ﺃﻧﻈﺮTafsiyatun Rohanah, Pembelajaran :
Kitab Kuning dengan Arab Pegon, (Skripsi S1 Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Fakultas
.Tarbiyah Universitas Islam Negeri Yogyakarta, 2005), h. 1.
13
"ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ .ﺇﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥﹼ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ
ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺬﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ
ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳋﻔﻲ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳋﻔﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ﺍﳋﻔﻲ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ
}ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﺮﻩ{"...
ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ:
"...ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﻟﺜﹼﺔ ﺭﺯﻕ ﻳﻌﲎ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﺯﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜﲑ
ﺭﺯﻕ ،ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕ .ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﺷﻘﺎﻭﺗﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ
ﺷﻘﻴﺎ ،ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪﺗﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻌﻴﺪﺍ .ﰒﹼ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﺍﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﻔﺦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ .ﲤﹼﺖ
ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻝﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ".
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻛﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﻓﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻣﺔ .ﻭﺟﻠّﺪﺕ
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﺑﺖ ) (hard coverﺍﻷﲰﺮ .ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﹼﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺢ
) (Laminasiﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ .ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ
ﰲ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ) (NB. 228ﻭﻳﻘﻊ ﻧﺺ" ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﰲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 277ﺇﱃ
.284
14
ﺏ .ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ
0T
"ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ .ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻪ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻲ:
.1ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﹼﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ.
.2ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ.
.3ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ.
.4ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ.
.5ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ.
.6ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﻟﺚ
ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ
ﺃ .ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ
ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺺ" ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ ،ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﺠﻞ
ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
.1
>
< :ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ،
.2
]
[ :ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭﺃﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺣﺬﻓﻪ،
/ / .3ﻭﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﺭﻗﻢ :ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ،
.4ﻥ :ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ،
: + .5ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻣﺶ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ.
15
16
ﺏ .
)ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ(
ﲝﺚ
ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ
ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ:
ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ105021000809 :
ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ
ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
2011ﻡ 1432 /ﻫـ
ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍﺀ
ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺑﲔ
ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﻔﺮﱄ ﺫﻧﻮﰊ ﻭﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﲪﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﺻﻐﲑﺍ
ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ
)ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ(
ﲝﺚ
ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ
ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ:
ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ105021000809 :
ﲢﺖ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ:
ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺩﻳﺐ ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ1973002242008011009 :
ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ
ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
2011ﻡ 1432 /ﻫـ
ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺻﺮﺣﺖ ﺑﺄﻥﹼ:
.1ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻛﺘﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ
ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﲝﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
.2ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ
ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
.3ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﻝ ﻷﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﺩﻭﻥ
ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻗﺮﺭﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ
ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ 21،ﻓﱪﻭﺍﺭﻱ 2011
ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﲤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﻪ " ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ :ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ " ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳉﻨﺔ
ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﰲ 18ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ 1432ﻫـ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ 21
ﻓﱪﻭﺍﺭﻱ 2011ﻡ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ
ﰲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ.
ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ
ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ 18 ،ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ 1432ﻫـ
2011ﻡ
21ﻓﱪﻭﺍﺭﻱ
ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ
ﺳﻜﺮﻳﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻧﺪﻭﺱ ﺃﺩﻧﺞ ﺃﺳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ195905101991031001:
ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻫﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ197506302003122001:
ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ196908081996031003:
ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻫﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ197506302003122001:
ﲡﺮﻳﺪ
ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ :ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ :ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ.
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﻘﺎﰲﹼ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻜﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ .ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ
ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ.
ﺃﻥﹼ ﻗﻠﹼﺔ ﺍﻝﲝﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺜﲑ ﻓﺠﻮﺓ ﺑﲔ
ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ .ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﺳﻨﺘﺎﺭﺍ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ
ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﻨﻮﺳﻨﺘﺎﺭﺍ .ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ
ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ.
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ
ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" .ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺞﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ
ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ) .(NB. 228 Iﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﻮﻭﺍﻧﺞ ).(Dluwang
ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ .ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﹺﺿﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ
ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ 2009ﻡ ﻭﳍﺎ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ).(Tas/03/PNRI/2009
ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻚﺷﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﳊﺮﻑ
ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﹼﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ
ﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ.
ﻭﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﻮﺳﻨﺘﺎﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺣﻲ ﳌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ
ﺃﺛﺮﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ.
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ABSTRAKS
Naskah kuno (manuskrip) adalah peninggalan kebudayaan tertulis yang
tidak dimiliki oleh setiap negara di dunia. Naskah yang dimaksud adalah setiap
dokumen yang ditulis sebelum awal abad ke-20 Masehi dan meliputi setiap
naskah tertulis baik yang berbentuk buku ataupun yang lainnya.
Minimnya
kajian-kajian
ilmiah
tentang
naskah-naskah
keislaman
mengakibatkan terjadinya kesenjangan antara hubungan permasalahan masa
lampau dengan saat ini. Naskah Islam Nusantara merupakan salah satu
peninggalan budaya Islam terpenting di Nusantara, naskah-naskah yang ditulis
dengan berbagai macam bahasa tersebut merupakan referensi terpenting dalam
konteks kajian keislaman termasuk di dalamnya adalah kajian sufistik.
Salah satu naskah yang membahas tentang kajian sufistik adalah naskah
yang berjudul Bayan al-Alif. Naskah ini merupakan koleksi terbaru Perpustakaan
Nasional RI. Jakarta dengan nomor koleksi NB 228 I. Naskah ini ditulis di atas
kertas Dluwang. Naskah ini merupakan naskah tunggal dan telah dikaji ulang
pada tahun 2009 dengan nomor Tas/03/PNRI/2009.
Naskah berbahasa Arab ini menjelaskan makna filosofis huruf Alif dalam
kajian sufistik diantaranya adalah Konsep Tajalli di balik huruf Alif dan makna
harfiyah yang terdapat pada lafadz Allah.
Tidak diragukan lagi bahwa naskah tersebut merupakan bagian terpenting
dalam sejarah spritualitas di Nusantara yang memiliki pengaruh yang sangat besar
dalam perkembangan pemikiran Islam khususnya pada saat ditulisnya naskah
tersebut maupun pada masa sesudahnya.
ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ
ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ .ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺙ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻔﺎﻩ
ﻭﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﻤﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ ﳌﺎ ﺃﻏﻠﻖ
ﻭﺍﳋﺎﰎ ﳌﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺮﺍﻃﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ
ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ.
ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ،ﻓﺄﺷﻜﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻌﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺮﻃﺎ ﻻﺯﻣﺎ ﻹﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ.
ﻭﻳﺴﺮﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺪ ﱄ
ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﺧﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ:
.1ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ
ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ،ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻧﺪﻭﺱ
ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺃﺩﺍﻧﺞ ﺃﺳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ،ﻭﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻫﻴﺎ
ﺑﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ،ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ
ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﻭﺗﺜﻘﻴﻔﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪﻫﻢ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ.
.2ﻣﺸﺮﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺩﻳﺐ ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ
ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ
ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ ﺣﱴ ﲤﻜﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .ﺟﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ
ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ.
.3ﺃﻣﲔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
)(Perpustakaan Nasional RI., Jakarta
ﻭﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺮﻭﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ
"ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
.4ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺑﲔ ،ﺃﰊ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺟﻮﺟﻮ ﻏﺰﺍﱄ
ﻭﺃﻣﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺣﻠﻴﻤﺔ
)Lily Halimah
)(H. Jojo Ghozali
،(Hj.ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺬﻻ
ﺟﻬﻮﺩﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﱵ ﻭﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﱵ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ
ﺧﲑﺍﺕ ﻻ ﲢﺼﻰ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﻐﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ .ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ
ﺫﻧﻮﻤﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﲪﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﺓ.
.5ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻴﻖ ﺃ .ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ )،(dr. A. Muchtar Nasirﻭﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ
ﺍﳋﲑ
)Khaer, S.Th.I
،(Miftahulﻭﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻻﱐ
(Amiruddin
) Maulaniﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻋﻄﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ
ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻟﻠﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺑﲔ.
.6ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
))UIN Jakarta
(Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat
(PPIMﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ
Unit (ILMU) PPIM UIN Jakarta
ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
Islamic
Manuscriptsﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ
)Oman Fathurahman, M.Hum
(Dr.ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺮﻓﲏ
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻴﻠﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ .ﺟﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ.
.7ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﻴﺬ ﲟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﻧﺘﺖ ﻓﺴﻨﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺸﺮﺑﻮﻥ
) .Pesantren Cirebonﻧﻔﻌﲏ ﺍﷲ ﻢ ﻭﺑﻌﻠﻮﻣﻬﻢ.
(Buntet
.8ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ) ،(Anna Khoirunnisaﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻋﻄﺘﲏ ﺍﻟﻐﲑﺓ
ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﳊﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ .ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺿﺎﻧﺎ ﺣﺒﻨﺎ.
.9ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ
Komisariat Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora Himpunan
،Mahasiswa Islam (HMI) Cabang Ciputatﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﱐ ﻫﺮﻳﺎﺩﻱ
) ،(Haryadiﻭﺭﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﲑﺳﺎ ﻓﻮﺗﺮﺍ ) ،(Riki Mirsa Putraﻭﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻣﲎ،
ﻭﺧﲑﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ،ﻭﺃﺭﺳﺘﻴﺎ ﻳﻮﺳﺘﺎﻧﺎ
)Yustana
،(Aristyaﻭﻣﺸﻔﻊ
) ،(Musyafakﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ.
!!!Yakin Usaha Sampai..
.10ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ
ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ 2005ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺃﺏ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻦ
(Abun
) Bunyamin, S.S.ﻭﺣﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻔﻲ .ﳒﺤﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ.
.11ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﱂ ﺃﺫﻛﺮﻫﻢ .ﺷﻜﺮﺍ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻜﻢ.
ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﺁﻣﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ
ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ
ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ ................................................
ﺃ
ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ................................................ﺏ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ...........................ﺝ
ﲡﺮﻳﺪ .........................................................
ﺩ
ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ..................................................
ﻭ
ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ...............................................ﻱ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺃ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ 1 ............................................
ﺏ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ 7 .............................................
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ 7 .........................................
ﺩ .ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ 8 ..............................................
ﻩ .ﺧﻄﹼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ 9 ..............................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﱐ :ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ"
ﺃ .ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" 11 .............................
ﺏ .ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ 14 .........................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﻟﺚ :ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ
ﺃ .ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ15 ....................................
ﺏ .ﻧﺺ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ 16 ...........................................
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﹼﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ28 ..............................
ﺩ .ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺺ32 ...................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ
ﺃ .ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﹼﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ 37 ............................
ﺏ .ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ 38 ..................................
ﺝ .ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ 38 ...............................................
ﺩ .ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ 39 ..........................................
ﻩ .ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ 39 ...........................................
ﻭ .ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ40 ..........................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﺧﺎﲤﺔ
ﺃ .ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ 41 ....................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ 42 ................................................
ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ 45 .................................................
ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻮﺍﺣﻖ 46 .......................................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺃ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﻘﺎﰲﹼ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ.
F0
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲞﻂﹼ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ،ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻷﺣﺠﺎﺭ ﺃﻡ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﺎﺏ ،ﻭﺍﳉﻠﻮﺩ ،ﻭﺳﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ،
ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﺵ .ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺮﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺧﻄﹼﺖ
ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺃﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻄﺒﻊ.
F1
ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ
Chambert-Loir
Henriﻭ
Fathurahman
Omanﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﻤﺎ
Khazanah Naskah: Panduan Koleksi Naskah-naskah Indonesia Sedunia (World
1
Haryati Soebadio, Penelitian Naskah Lama Indonesia dalam Buletin
Yaperna Vol. II No. 7, (Jakarta: Yaperna, 1975).
ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺪ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺣﻢ ،(1424 ،ﺹ.
15
1
2
)to Indonesian Manuscript Collections
،Guideﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ
ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩﻱ .ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ
F2
ﻧﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ .ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻃﺒﻌﻪ
F3
ﺑﻌﺪ ،ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﲞﻂﹼ ﻣﺆﻟﹼﻒ ﺃﻭ ﲞﻂﹼ ﻧﺎﺳﺦ ﻏﲑﻩ .ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺻﻮﺭ
ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺼﻮﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﳌﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﳐﻄﻮﻁ ﺃﺻﻠﻲ.
F4
ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ .ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻟﻮﻧﺘﺎﺭ ) ،(lontarﻭﻭﺭﻕ ﻧﻴﺒﺎﻩ ) ،(nipahﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﺩﻱ ، (papirus) ﻭﺩﺍﻟﻮﻭﺍﻧﺞ
) ،(dluwangﻭﺍﻟﻘﹸﻤﺎﺵ ) ،(kainﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻡ ،ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺰﺭﺍﻥ ،ﻭﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﺑﻴﺔ
(kertas
) .Eropaﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،ﻭﻓﻮﻟﻜﻠﻮﺭ
3
Henri Chambert-Loir dan Oman Fathurahman, Khazanah Naskah:
Panduan Koleksi Naskah-naskah Indonesia Sedunia (World Guide to
Indonesian Manuscript Collections), cet. 1 (Jakarta: Ecole francaise d’ExtremeOrient dan Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 1999), h. 10.
ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻠﻲ ،ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ،ﻁ ) 1ﺟﺪﺓ :ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ 1982 ،ﻡ( ،ﺹ 34
ﻓﻬﻤﻲ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﳎﺰﻭﺏ ،ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ،ﻁ ) 1ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ :ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ،
1993ﻡ( ،ﺹ 13
3
)rakyat
،(folklore/ceritaﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻮﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺜﹼﻘﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻢ
ﻃﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﹼﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ.
5F
ﻭﺟﺎﺋﺖ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ
ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ،ﻭﺗﻜﺎﺩ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ،ﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ
ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ،ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺿﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ،
ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺳﺮ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺋﻪ ،ﻭﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻟﻎ
ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ.
F6
ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ،ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
(Perpustakaan Nasional RI.,
6
Sinta Ridwan, Kita Ada di Masa Kini Karena Masa Lalu, artikel
diakses pada 23 Juni 2010 dari
_http://duniasintaridwan.multiply.com/journal/item/163/makalah_diskusi_naskah
kuno_dan_filologi
ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﻭﻩ ،ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﻁ ) 1ﺩﻣﺸﻖ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ،ﺩ.ﺕ( ،ﺹ .25
4
) Jakartaﻭ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻥ ) (Leiden Universityﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ
ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻮﺭﻳﺎ ) (Victoriaﰲ ﺃﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ.
F7
ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ 10000
ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ .ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ 1000ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ
F8
ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ،ﻭﺳﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ
ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﻻ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ
1T
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺘﻤﻊ
ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ
ﻣﻘﺪﺳﺔ.
1T
ﻭﺟﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥﹼ ﻗﻠﹼﺔ ﺍﻝﲝﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺗﺜﲑ ﻓﺠﻮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ
0T1
T1
8
Sanwani, Koleksi Naskah Kuno Perpustakaan Nasional RI, 11
September 2008 (Jakarta: PNRI, 2008), h. 5.
9
Tuti Munawar dan Nindya Noegraha, Khasanah Naskah Nusantara
dalam Tradisi Tulis Nusantara: Kumpulan Makalah Simposium Tradisi Tulis
Nusantara 4-6 Juni 1996 (Jakarta: Masyarakat Pernaskahan Nusantara, 1997), h.
39.
5
ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﳌﻦ ﻳﺘﻘﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ
ﺑﺬﻟﻚ.
1
T9F
ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﺳﻨﺘﺎﺭﺍ
(Nusantara)
10F
ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﻨﻮﺳﻨﺘﺎﺭﺍ .ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ
ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﻝﻝﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ.
F1
1T
ﺇﻥﹼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ
ﺃﻥﹼ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ
ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ.
10
Nabilah Lubis, Naskah, Teks, dan Metode Penelitian Filologi, cet. 4
(Jakarta: Puslitbang Lektur Keagamaan, Badan Litbang dan Diklat, Departemen
Agama RI., 2007), h. 3-5.
˺˺ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺂﺳﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ).(Asia Tenggara
12
Azyumardi Azra, Naskah Islam Nusantara, artikel diakses pada 17 Juli
2010 dari http://www.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/section-blog/28-artikel/1553-naskahislam-indonesia.html
6
1T
ﺗﺄﺳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻘﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﷲ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﺘﺰﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺣﻴﺔ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﺟﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ،ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻊ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ
T12F1
1T
ﺃﻧﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻻﻣﻌﺔ ،ﻭﲦﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﺎﻧﻌﺔ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﺰﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺲ ،ﻭﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻷﺭﺟﺎﺱ ،ﻭﻳﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺿﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ،ﻭﺧﻼﺻﺘﻪ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺮﻉ ﺍﷲ،
ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﷲ ،ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺠﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻛﻞﹼ ﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺪﺭ،
ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺇﳘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﶈﻈﻮﺭ.
T13F1
1T
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ
ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" .ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺞﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ
1T
ﺑﺮﻗﻢ
)228 I
.(NB.ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ.
1T
1T
ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁﺓ
ﺗﻚﺷﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ.
dan
Pemikiran,
13
M. Jamil, Cakrawala Tasawuf, Sejarah,
Kontekstualitas (Jakarta: Gaung Persada, 2004), h. 10.
ﺯﻛﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ )ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ :ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ2004 ،
ﻡ( ،ﺹ.33-19 .
7
ﺏ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﲝﺚ ﻫﻮ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ :ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ" ﻭﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﲝﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺓ
ﻗﺼﲑﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ.
ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ،ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻗﹼﺔ
ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ .ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ،ﻓﺎﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺺ
"ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ .ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ
ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻧﺺ" ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ".
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ،ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
.1ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺺ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﻲ
ﺗﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ.
.2ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ.
8
ﺩ .ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ،ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ .ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺟﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺪﺑﺮ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ
ﻓﻬﻢ ،ﻭﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻫﻮﺍﻣﺶ .ﻭﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ
ﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ
ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﺃﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ
ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ.
F14
ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ:
.1ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺎﺭ ﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ.
.2ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻭﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ
ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﺰﻫﺮﺓ ﴿ ﴾
ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺳﲔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ } {.
15
Edward Djamaris, Metode Penelitian Filologi (Jakarta: Pusat
Pengembangan, Pembinaan, dan Pengembangan Bahasa, 1991), h. 15.
9
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭﺓ ﰲ
ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
.2007
Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi Bahasa dan Sastra Arab (Jakarta: Fakultas Adab dan
Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2007).
ﻩ .ﺧﻄﹼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺗﻴﺔ:
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
:
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﱐ
:
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﻟﺚ
:
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ،ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ
ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ،
ﻭﺧﻄﹼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺻﻒ
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻭﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ
10
ﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ ﻭﻧﺺ" ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﹼﻘﺔ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺺ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
:
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :
ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ.
ﺧﺎﲤﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ
ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻮﺍﺣﻖ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﱐ
ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ"
ﺃ .ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ"
ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ) (Perpustakaan Nasional RI., Jakartaﺑﺮﻗﻢ ) .(NB. 228 Iﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ .ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﹺﺿﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ
2009ﻡ ﻭﳍﺎ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ).(Tas/03/PNRI/2009
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﻮﻭﺍﻧﺞ
) .(Dluwangﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺱ
ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ 28ﺱ.ﻡ 21,5 × .ﺱ.ﻡ ،.ﻭ 18ﺱ.ﻡ 12,2 × .ﺱ.ﻡ.
ﳌﻘﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ .ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﰲ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻭ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺴﻊ
ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﻞﹼ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ.
11
12
ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﳋﻂﹼ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﻲ
ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺨﲔ ﻭﺍﳊﱪ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻛﻠﹼﻬﺎ .ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ
ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ،ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ
) ،(Illustrasiﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺒﺎﺕ
) ،(Alihan/Catchwordsﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺍﺓ ) ،(Illuminasiﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ) .(Scholiaﺭﻗﹼﻤﻬﺎ
ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞﹼ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ
ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ.
ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﹼﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ
ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﻴﺔ .(Jawa Pegon)ﻭﰲ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻓﻮﻥ
P
P0F
) ،(Kolofonﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻫﻮ "ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" .ﻭﻟﻴﺲ
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﹼﻒ ،ﻭﻻ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ،ﻭﻻ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ،ﻭﻻ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ.
ﻭﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﹼﻒ ﺑـ:
ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﹼﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ) (Jawa Pegonﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺬﹼﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ
ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ) .(Bahasa Jawaﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ
ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻧﺪﺍﻭﻳﺔ ) (Bahasa Sundaﰲ ﺟﺎﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ) (Jawa Baratﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺟﻴﺴﻴﺔ ) (Bahasa Bugisﰲ
ﺳﻮﻻﻭﻳﺴﻲ (Sulawesi) ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﻭﻳﺔ ) (Bahasa Melayuﰲ ﺳﻮﻣﻄﺮﺍ ) .(Sumateraﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺼﺎﺭﺕ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﹼﻴﺔ .ﺃﻧﻈﺮTafsiyatun Rohanah, Pembelajaran :
Kitab Kuning dengan Arab Pegon, (Skripsi S1 Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Fakultas
.Tarbiyah Universitas Islam Negeri Yogyakarta, 2005), h. 1.
13
"ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ .ﺇﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥﹼ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ
ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺬﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ
ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳋﻔﻲ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳋﻔﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ﺍﳋﻔﻲ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ
}ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﺮﻩ{"...
ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ:
"...ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﻟﺜﹼﺔ ﺭﺯﻕ ﻳﻌﲎ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﺯﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜﲑ
ﺭﺯﻕ ،ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕ .ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﺷﻘﺎﻭﺗﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ
ﺷﻘﻴﺎ ،ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪﺗﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻌﻴﺪﺍ .ﰒﹼ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﺍﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﻔﺦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ .ﲤﹼﺖ
ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻝﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ".
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻛﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﻓﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻣﺔ .ﻭﺟﻠّﺪﺕ
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﺑﺖ ) (hard coverﺍﻷﲰﺮ .ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﹼﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺢ
) (Laminasiﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ .ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ
ﰲ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ) (NB. 228ﻭﻳﻘﻊ ﻧﺺ" ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﰲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 277ﺇﱃ
.284
14
ﺏ .ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ
0T
"ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ .ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻪ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻲ:
.1ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﹼﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ.
.2ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ.
.3ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ.
.4ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ.
.5ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ.
.6ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﻟﺚ
ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ
ﺃ .ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ
ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺺ" ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ" ﻭﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ ،ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﺠﻞ
ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
.1
>
< :ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ،
.2
]
[ :ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭﺃﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺣﺬﻓﻪ،
/ / .3ﻭﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﺭﻗﻢ :ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ،
.4ﻥ :ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ،
: + .5ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻣﺶ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ.
15
16
ﺏ .